Lorentz-Invariant Expression for the Force on an Electric/Magnetic Dipole

Abstract

We derive the Lorentz-invariant expression for the force acting on a pointlike electric/magnetic dipole in an electromagnetic field, based on a covariant representation of the Lagrangian density for a polarized/magnetized material medium in an electromagnetic field (Fabrizio M. and Morri A., Electromagnetism of Continuous Media (Oxford University Press, Oxford) 2003), and discuss its physical meaning. Copyright © 2025 EPLA. All rights, including for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies, are reserved.