Türkiye'deki tıbbi cihaz sektörü ve endüstriyel gelişimi; Güney Kore-Türkiye kıyaslaması
Abstract
Araştırmada Türkiye ve Güney Kore tıbbi cihaz sektörü ve endüstriyel gelişimleri incelenmiştir. Bu amaçla öncelikli olarak sanayi devrimi, sanayi ve teknolojideki gelişimin Güney Kore ve Türkiye'ye yansıması, sağlık sektörünün tarihsel gelişimi, kamu politikası, teknolojik gelişimin bu sektöre etkisi, yabancı sermaye açısından tıbbi cihaz pazarı ve büyüme potansiyeli incelenmiş Güney Kore ile kıyaslama yapılmıştır. Araştırmada Güney Kore'nin incelenmesinin nedenlerinden biri olan hemen hemen aynı dönemde kalkınma sürecine başlamış olmasına rağmen geçen yıllar süresinde her iki ülkenin elde ettiği başarı farklılıklarının neden olduğunun değerlendirilmesidir. Araştırma karşılaştırmalı örnek olay incelemesi modelinde tasarlanmıştır. Çalışmada tıbbi cihaz ve sağlık sektörüne ilişkin sayısal verilerden yararlanılmıştır. Bu veriler Sağlık Bakanlığı ile Ticaret Bakanlığı bilgi sisteminden elde edilmiştir Ayrıca Güney Kore kıyaslama için ilgili veriler Güney Kore resmi kurumlarının internet ortamında paylaştığı rapor ve bilgilerden yararlanılmıştır. Verilerin incelenmesi açısından nicel yöntem kullanılmıştır. Araştırma için gerekli olan veriler başta OECD olmak üzere yerel, ulusal ve uluslararası kaydi verilerinden toplanmış ve betimlenerek analiz edilmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda Güney Kore ve Türkiye arasında gelişmişlik açısından farklar olduğu, Dünya ekonomik gelişmişlik sıralamasında Türkiye 20. sırada yer alırken Güney Kore 11. sırada yer aldığı, Dünya Bankası 'ekonomiler listesi'nde Güney Kore yüksek ekonomiler kategorisinde gösterilirken Türkiye orta gelirli ekonomiler listesinde gösterildiği belirlenmiştir. Toplumsal yapı ve sistemsel farklılıkların küresel destek ve teşviklerin etkisinin, Türkiye'de yaşanan toplumsal olaylar ve istikrarlı hükümetlerin kurulmamış olmasının bu sonuçlara neden olduğu düşünülmektedir. Güney Kore, planlı dönem boyunca yürüttüğü, birbiriyle uyum içinde uygulanan ekonomi, eğitim ve teknoloji politikalarının sonuçlarını alarak ekonomik göstergelerinde iyileşme yakalarken, Türkiye yetersiz kurumsal ve ekonomik altyapıya dayanan serbestleşme tercihin sonucunda dönem dönem ciddi bir kriz süreciyle karşı karşıya geldiği belirlenmiştir. Tıbbi cihaz endüstrisinin aynı zamanda küresel bir pazar açma teknolojisi olarak da hizmet edebileceğini sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Ayrıca sonuçlar, bu endüstrinin büyümesinin, hastalıkları önlemek ve tedavi etmek için yeni teknolojilere olan talebi artıran nüfus artışı ve yaş yapısından büyük ölçüde etkilendiğini göstermektedir. Türkiye gibi Güney Kore'de de sağlık hizmet maliyetlerinin elektronik kontrolü için, özel sağlık kuruluşunun güçlü bir elektronik tıbbi kayıt sistemi bulunduğu ancak kamu sağlık kuruluşlarında ileri teknoloji bilişim sistemlerinin kullanımı, özel sektöre kıyasla daha düşük olduğu belirlenmiştir. Bu yönü ile Türkiye ile benzerlik gösterdiği söylenebilir. Araştırma sonucunda Güney Kore, avantajlar ve dezavantajlar incelendiğinde Türkiye'ye göre daha iyi bir görünüme sahip olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Sağlık harcamaları, hastane sayıları, yatak kapasitesi, yönüyle, tıbbi teknoloji, ilaç pazarı, tıbbi cihaz pazarı açısından Güney Kore'nin Türkiye'nin önünde olduğu sosyal güvenlik sistemi yönüyle tüm vatandaşlarına sosyal sağlık güvencesi götürme hususunda benzer oldukları, iki ülkenin de güçlü ve zayıf yanları ile fırsat ve tehditleri bulunduğu belirlenmiştir. Bu sonuçlara göre Güney Kore Türkiye'nin gelişme arzusunda iyi bir rol model olarak izlenebilir. Gerekli mevzuat değişiklikleri ile çağın gerektirdiği bilgi teknolojileri taransferlerini sağlayacak şekilde anlaşmalar yapılarak kalkınma süreci desteklenebilir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Türkiye, Tıbbi Cihaz Sektörü, Endüstri Gelişimi, Güney Kore
In the research, the medical device sector and industrial developments in Turkey and South Korea were examined. For this purpose, first of all, the industrial revolution, the reflection of the development in industry and technology on South Korea and Turkey, the historical development of the health sector, public policy, the effect of technological development on this sector, the medical device market and growth potential in terms of foreign capital were examined and compared with South Korea. One of the reasons for examining South Korea in the research is to evaluate the reason for the differences in the success achieved by both countries over the past years, despite the fact that it started the development process almost at the same time. The research was designed in the comparative case study model. Numerical data on medical devices and health sector were used in the study. These data were obtained from the information system of the Ministry of Health and the Ministry of Commerce. In addition, the relevant data for South Korea comparison, the reports and information shared by South Korean official institutions on the internet were used. Quantitative method was used to analyze the data. The data required for the research were collected from local, national and international data, especially from the OECD, and analyzed by describing them. As a result of the research, it has been determined that there are differences between South Korea and Turkey in terms of development, while Turkey is in the 20th place in the world economic development ranking, South Korea is in the 11th place, while South Korea is shown in the high economies category in the World Bank's 'economies list', Turkey is in the middle-income economies list. . It is thought that the social structure and systemic differences, the effect of global support and incentives, the social events in Turkey and the lack of stable governments are thought to cause these results. While South Korea achieved improvement in its economic indicators by getting the results of the economy, education and technology policies implemented throughout the planned period and implemented in harmony with each other, it was determined that Turkey faced a serious crisis from time to time as a result of the liberalization preference based on inadequate institutional and economic infrastructure. It is concluded that the medical device industry can also serve as a global market opening technology. Also, the results show that the growth of this industry is heavily influenced by population growth and age structure, which increases the demand for new technologies to prevent and treat diseases. It has been determined that the private health institution has a strong electronic medical record system for electronic control of health care costs in South Korea, as in Turkey, but the use of advanced technology information systems in public health institutions is lower compared to the private sector. In this respect, it can be said that it is similar to Turkey. As a result of the research, when the advantages and disadvantages of South Korea are examined, it is concluded that it has a better outlook than Turkey. In terms of health expenditures, number of hospitals, bed capacity, medical technology, pharmaceutical market, medical device market, South Korea is ahead of Turkey in terms of social security system and they are similar in providing social health insurance to all its citizens, both countries are strong and weak. It has been determined that there are both sides and opportunities and threats. According to these results, South Korea can be followed as a good role model in Turkey's desire to develop. The development process can be supported by making agreements to ensure the necessary legislative changes and the transfer of information technologies required by the age. Keywords: Turkey, Medical Device Industry, Industry Development, South Korea
In the research, the medical device sector and industrial developments in Turkey and South Korea were examined. For this purpose, first of all, the industrial revolution, the reflection of the development in industry and technology on South Korea and Turkey, the historical development of the health sector, public policy, the effect of technological development on this sector, the medical device market and growth potential in terms of foreign capital were examined and compared with South Korea. One of the reasons for examining South Korea in the research is to evaluate the reason for the differences in the success achieved by both countries over the past years, despite the fact that it started the development process almost at the same time. The research was designed in the comparative case study model. Numerical data on medical devices and health sector were used in the study. These data were obtained from the information system of the Ministry of Health and the Ministry of Commerce. In addition, the relevant data for South Korea comparison, the reports and information shared by South Korean official institutions on the internet were used. Quantitative method was used to analyze the data. The data required for the research were collected from local, national and international data, especially from the OECD, and analyzed by describing them. As a result of the research, it has been determined that there are differences between South Korea and Turkey in terms of development, while Turkey is in the 20th place in the world economic development ranking, South Korea is in the 11th place, while South Korea is shown in the high economies category in the World Bank's 'economies list', Turkey is in the middle-income economies list. . It is thought that the social structure and systemic differences, the effect of global support and incentives, the social events in Turkey and the lack of stable governments are thought to cause these results. While South Korea achieved improvement in its economic indicators by getting the results of the economy, education and technology policies implemented throughout the planned period and implemented in harmony with each other, it was determined that Turkey faced a serious crisis from time to time as a result of the liberalization preference based on inadequate institutional and economic infrastructure. It is concluded that the medical device industry can also serve as a global market opening technology. Also, the results show that the growth of this industry is heavily influenced by population growth and age structure, which increases the demand for new technologies to prevent and treat diseases. It has been determined that the private health institution has a strong electronic medical record system for electronic control of health care costs in South Korea, as in Turkey, but the use of advanced technology information systems in public health institutions is lower compared to the private sector. In this respect, it can be said that it is similar to Turkey. As a result of the research, when the advantages and disadvantages of South Korea are examined, it is concluded that it has a better outlook than Turkey. In terms of health expenditures, number of hospitals, bed capacity, medical technology, pharmaceutical market, medical device market, South Korea is ahead of Turkey in terms of social security system and they are similar in providing social health insurance to all its citizens, both countries are strong and weak. It has been determined that there are both sides and opportunities and threats. According to these results, South Korea can be followed as a good role model in Turkey's desire to develop. The development process can be supported by making agreements to ensure the necessary legislative changes and the transfer of information technologies required by the age. Keywords: Turkey, Medical Device Industry, Industry Development, South Korea
Description
Keywords
Sağlık Yönetimi, İşletme, Endüstriyel gelişme, Healthcare Management, Business Administration, Güney Kore, Industrial development, Türkiye, South Korea, Türkiye, Tıbbi cihazlar, Medical devices