Electromagnetic Precursors and Earthquakes: Nowcasting, Forecasting, and Prediction

Abstract

Seismo-electromagnetic precursory based, short-term earthquake prediction is discussed. The true meanings of nowcasting, forecasting, and prediction are summarized. The problem postulation of the causal relations of precursors with earthquakes, and complexities in modeling and simulation are reviewed. Public awareness, risk management, and expectations are also outlined