Maria Callas'ın hayatı, fizyopatolojik hipotez ışığında dermatomiyozit hastalığının sesine etkisi ve vokal evriminin analizi
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2022
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Abstract
İnsan sesinin evrimi, opera sanatının ortaya çıktığı yüzyıllardaki dünyanın konumuna bakılacak olunursa gerçek bir mucizedir. Opera sanatı varlığını yüzyıllar boyu zirvede sürdürmüş, günümüze kadar insanlara hitap etmeye devam etmiştir. Bu çalışmanın ana konusu olan ve opera sanatının önemli icracılarından Soprano Maria Callas, yalnızca yaşadığı 20. yüzyılın değil, tüm zamanların en ünlü opera sanatçısı olarak kabul edilir. Onun şan dünyasına kattığı en büyük değer, kendisinden iki yüzyıl önceki Bel Canto sanatına, hem stil, hem oyunculuk, hem de icra bakımından kazandırdıklarından anlaşılmaktadır. Ancak sanatçı kariyerini ne yazık ki erken noktalamıştır. Bu konu hakkında pek çok spekülasyon yapılmasına rağmen, kariyerinin erken sonlanmasının nedenlerinin başında Dermatomiyozit hastalığı yer almaktadır. Bu çalışma içerisinde tezin ikinci bölümünde, Maria Callas'ın hayatı, eğitimi, opera kariyeri ve ilişkileri derinlemesine ele alınmış, üçüncü bölümde ise sanatçının vokal karakteri ile asıl ölüm nedeni olan Dermatomiyozit hastalığı ve bu hastalığının ses tellerine, dolayısıyla kariyerine olan etkilerine değinilmiştir. Dermatomiyozit hastalığı geniş bir biçimde ele alınmış, hastalığın semptomları, teşhisi ve tedavisine yönelik veriler sunulmuştur. Tezin fikrinin ana çıkış nedeni olan, Kulak Burun Boğaz ve Foniatri Uzmanı Franco Fussi ile Kulak Burun Boğaz Uzmanı, Foniatrist, Sanatsal Sesbilim Profesörü, Anatomi ve Vokal Fizyoloji Profesörü Nico Paolillo'nun hipotezlerine, Maria Callas'ın sesi üzerinde yaptıkları spektrografik analizlere, değerlendirme ve ölçümlerin görsellerine detaylı olarak yer verilmiş, alanının uzmanları olan doktorlardan alınan görüşler ile tezde bütüncül bir yaklaşım sağlanmıştır.
The evolution of the human voice is a real miracle, considering the position of the world in the centuries when the art of opera emerged. The art of opera has continued its existence at its peak for centuries and has continued to appeal to people until today. Soprano Maria Callas, who is the main subject of this work and one of the important performers of the art of opera, is considered the most famous opera singer not only of the 20th century, but of all time. The greatest value she added to the world of singing can be understood from the fact that she brought the art of Bel Canto two centuries ago, both in terms of style, acting and performance. However, the artist unfortunately ended his career early. Although there are many speculations on this subject, Dermatomyositis is one of the main reasons for the premature termination of his career. In this study, in the second part of the thesis, Maria Callas' life, education, opera career and relationships were discussed in depth, and in the third part, the vocal character of the artist and Dermatomyositis, the main cause of death, and the effects of this disease on the vocal cords and therefore on her career were mentioned. Dermatomyositis disease has been extensively discussed and data on its symptoms, diagnosis and treatment are presented. The main reason for the idea of the thesis is the hypotheses of Otorhinolaryngology Specialist Franco Fussi and Otorhinolaryngology Specialist, Phoniatrist, Professor of Artistic Phonology, Anatomy and Vocal Physiology Professor Nico Paolo Paolillo, the spectrographic analyzes they made on Maria Callas' voice, evaluation and measurements. The visuals of the measurements are given in detail, and a holistic approach is provided in the thesis with the opinions of the doctors who are experts in their fields.
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The evolution of the human voice is a real miracle, considering the position of the world in the centuries when the art of opera emerged. The art of opera has continued its existence at its peak for centuries and has continued to appeal to people until today. Soprano Maria Callas, who is the main subject of this work and one of the important performers of the art of opera, is considered the most famous opera singer not only of the 20th century, but of all time. The greatest value she added to the world of singing can be understood from the fact that she brought the art of Bel Canto two centuries ago, both in terms of style, acting and performance. However, the artist unfortunately ended his career early. Although there are many speculations on this subject, Dermatomyositis is one of the main reasons for the premature termination of his career. In this study, in the second part of the thesis, Maria Callas' life, education, opera career and relationships were discussed in depth, and in the third part, the vocal character of the artist and Dermatomyositis, the main cause of death, and the effects of this disease on the vocal cords and therefore on her career were mentioned. Dermatomyositis disease has been extensively discussed and data on its symptoms, diagnosis and treatment are presented. The main reason for the idea of the thesis is the hypotheses of Otorhinolaryngology Specialist Franco Fussi and Otorhinolaryngology Specialist, Phoniatrist, Professor of Artistic Phonology, Anatomy and Vocal Physiology Professor Nico Paolo Paolillo, the spectrographic analyzes they made on Maria Callas' voice, evaluation and measurements. The visuals of the measurements are given in detail, and a holistic approach is provided in the thesis with the opinions of the doctors who are experts in their fields.
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Müzik, Music
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