The Effect of Strategic Human Resources Management on Internal Customer Satisfaction and the Effect of Internal Customer Satisfaction on External Customer Satisfaction: a Research in the Chemical Industry in Kocaeli
Abstract
STRATEJİK İNSAN KAYNAKLARI YÖNETİMİNİN İÇ MÜŞTERİ MEMNUNİYETİNE VE İÇ MÜŞTERİ MEMNUNİYETİNİN DIŞ MÜŞTERİ MEMNUNİYETİNE ETKİSİ: KOCAELİ İLİNDE KİMYA SEKTÖRÜNDE BİR ARAŞTIRMA İşletmelerin temel amaçlarından biri yaşam döngülerini devam ettirebilmektir. Bu amaçla, ürün ve hizmetlerin, müşterinin istek ve ihtiyaçları doğrultusunda üretilmesi, müşteriyi merkeze alarak, müşteri memnuniyetinin sağlanması ve sürekli müşteri haline getirilmeleri işletmeler açısından büyük önem taşımaktadır. Özellikle son yıllarda küreselleşme sonucu, rakip firma sayısındaki artış ile rekabetin artması, teknolojinin de hızlı bir ivme göstermesi ile bilgiye erişimin kolaylaşması ve müşterilerin daha fazla seçeneğe ulaşabilmesi, işletmeleri rakiplerinden farklılaşmaya zorunlu hale getirmiştir. Bu dinamik ortamda işletmeler farklılaşmak için, dış müşteri memnuniyetinin yanı sıra entelektüel sermaye olarak nitelendirilen iç müşteri memnuniyetine de yoğunlaşmaktadır. Çalışan memnuniyetinin artması, performansa ve verimliğe bu da dış müşteri memnuniyetine etki etmektedir. Bu bağlamda işletmelerin uzun vadeli hedeflerine ulaşmasına yardımcı olan ve çalışan memnuniyetini artırmayı hedefleyen, iç müşterileri etkileyebilecek, çalışma ortamı, maaş politikaları, çalışan bağlılığı, eğitim olanakları, takdir mekanizmaları, performans değerlendirme süreçleri ve kariyer yönetimi gibi unsurları kapsayan Stratejik İnsan Kaynakları Yönetimi (SİKY) önem kazanmaktadır. Bu araştırmanın amacı, üretim sektöründe stratejik insan kaynakları yönetiminin iç müşteri memnuniyeti üzerindeki etkisini ve iç müşteri memnuniyetinin de dış müşteri memnuniyetine olan etkisini ortaya koymaktır. Araştırmanın modeli kapsamında oluşturulmuş olan hipotezleri test etmek için 'Sanayi Başkenti' olarak anılan Kocaeli ilinde kimya sektöründe, 450 beyaz ve mavi yakalı çalışana anket uygulanmış ve elde edilmiş verilerin analizi için SPSS 25.0 programı kullanılmış, regresyon analizi yapılmıştır. Araştırmada, stratejik insan kaynakları yönetiminin iç müşteri memnuniyetine etkisi ve bu etkinin de dış müşteri memnuniyetine pozitif etkisi analizler sonucu ortaya konulmuş, iç müşteri ve dış müşteri memnuniyetinin işletme verimliliği üzerinde etkisinden dolayı stratejik insan kaynakları yönetimine önem verilmesi ve çalışanların algı ve davranışları ile demografik özelliklerini de dikkate alarak yapılacak uygulamaların, işletmelerin daha etkili insan kaynakları stratejileri geliştirmesine katkı sağlayacağı belirlenmiştir. Bu doğrultuda, iş dünyasına ve akademisyenlere öneriler sunulmuştur. Anahtar Kelimeler: Stratejik İnsan Kaynakları Yönetimi, İç Müşteri Memnuniyeti, Dış Müşteri Memnuniyeti, İnsan Kaynakları Yönetimi Tarih : Şubat, 2025
THE EFFECT OF STRATEGIC HUMAN RESOURCES MANAGEMENT ON INTERNAL CUSTOMER SATISFACTION AND THE EFFECT OF INTERNAL CUSTOMER SATISFACTION ON EXTERNAL CUSTOMER SATISFACTION: A RESEARCH IN THE CHEMICAL INDUSTRY IN KOCAELİ One of the fundamental objectives of businesses is to maintain their life cycles. To achieve this, it is crucial for businesses to produce goods and services in line with customer demands and needs, ensuring customer satisfaction by placing the customer at the center, and turning them into loyal, repeat customers. Particularly in recent years, the increase in the number of competing firms due to globalization, the rise in competition, the rapid advancement of technology, the ease of access to information, and customers having more options have compelled businesses to differentiate themselves from their competitors. In this dynamic environment, to achieve differentiation, businesses are increasingly focusing on internal customer satisfaction, regarded as intellectual capital, alongside external customer satisfaction. Increased employee satisfaction positively influences performance and productivity, which in turn affects external customer satisfaction. In this context, Strategic Human Resource Management (SHRM), which aims to enhance employee satisfaction and includes elements such as working environment, salary policies, employee engagement, training opportunities, recognition mechanisms, performance evaluation processes, and career management, plays a significant role in helping businesses achieve their long-term goals. The purpose of this study is to reveal the impact of strategic human resource management on internal customer satisfaction in the manufacturing sector and how internal customer satisfaction, in turn, affects external customer satisfaction. To test the hypotheses formulated within the scope of the research model, a survey was conducted with 450 white-collar and blue-collar employees in the chemical sector in Kocaeli, which is known as the 'Capital of Industry.' The data obtained were analyzed using the SPSS 25.0 software, and regression analysis was performed. The analyses demonstrated that strategic human resource management positively affects internal customer satisfaction, and this effect also positively influences external customer satisfaction. Considering the impact of internal and external customer satisfaction on business efficiency, it has been determined that strategic human resource management practices, designed by taking into account employee's perceptions, behaviors, and demographic characteristics, contribute to the development of more effective human resource strategies for businesses. Accordingly, recommendations are provided for both the business world and academics. Keyword: Strategic Human Resources Management, Internal Customer Satisfaction, External Customer Satisfaction, Human Resources Management Date: February, 2025
THE EFFECT OF STRATEGIC HUMAN RESOURCES MANAGEMENT ON INTERNAL CUSTOMER SATISFACTION AND THE EFFECT OF INTERNAL CUSTOMER SATISFACTION ON EXTERNAL CUSTOMER SATISFACTION: A RESEARCH IN THE CHEMICAL INDUSTRY IN KOCAELİ One of the fundamental objectives of businesses is to maintain their life cycles. To achieve this, it is crucial for businesses to produce goods and services in line with customer demands and needs, ensuring customer satisfaction by placing the customer at the center, and turning them into loyal, repeat customers. Particularly in recent years, the increase in the number of competing firms due to globalization, the rise in competition, the rapid advancement of technology, the ease of access to information, and customers having more options have compelled businesses to differentiate themselves from their competitors. In this dynamic environment, to achieve differentiation, businesses are increasingly focusing on internal customer satisfaction, regarded as intellectual capital, alongside external customer satisfaction. Increased employee satisfaction positively influences performance and productivity, which in turn affects external customer satisfaction. In this context, Strategic Human Resource Management (SHRM), which aims to enhance employee satisfaction and includes elements such as working environment, salary policies, employee engagement, training opportunities, recognition mechanisms, performance evaluation processes, and career management, plays a significant role in helping businesses achieve their long-term goals. The purpose of this study is to reveal the impact of strategic human resource management on internal customer satisfaction in the manufacturing sector and how internal customer satisfaction, in turn, affects external customer satisfaction. To test the hypotheses formulated within the scope of the research model, a survey was conducted with 450 white-collar and blue-collar employees in the chemical sector in Kocaeli, which is known as the 'Capital of Industry.' The data obtained were analyzed using the SPSS 25.0 software, and regression analysis was performed. The analyses demonstrated that strategic human resource management positively affects internal customer satisfaction, and this effect also positively influences external customer satisfaction. Considering the impact of internal and external customer satisfaction on business efficiency, it has been determined that strategic human resource management practices, designed by taking into account employee's perceptions, behaviors, and demographic characteristics, contribute to the development of more effective human resource strategies for businesses. Accordingly, recommendations are provided for both the business world and academics. Keyword: Strategic Human Resources Management, Internal Customer Satisfaction, External Customer Satisfaction, Human Resources Management Date: February, 2025
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İşletme, Business Administration
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116