Vini, Mohammad HeydariDaneshmand, SaeedJasim, Dheyaa J.Singh, Narinderjit Singh SawaranKareem, Muthanna K.Salahshour, SoheilNaseri, Hesam2026-01-152026-01-1520260263-43682213-391710.1016/j.ijrmhm.2025.1076122-s2.0-105024558123https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2025.107612https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14517/8682One of the primary methods for producing vanadium globally is the utilization of steel slag that contains vanadium. This study investigated methods for extracting vanadium from the slag produced by the electric arc furnace (EAF). Roasting and leaching are part of the experimental setting for this study's vanadium recovery. When roasting the EAF slag samples, they were mixed with different concentrations of sodium carbonate. Additionally, at this stage, it was determined that the ideal conditions for roasting were 15 % sodium carbonate, 1100 degrees C, and 45 min for the percentage of sodium carbonate, temperature, and time. During the second step (the leaching process), sodium carbonate and NaOH were among the most essential and effective leaching agents. Additionally, the optimal conditions for leaching were a sodium carbonate-to-NaOH ratio of 50:10, a leaching time of 60 min, a temperature of 90 degrees C, and a carbonate mesh size of 120-140 mu m. These settings recovered approximately 90 % of the vanadium. Additionally, this innovative method enables steelmaking enterprises to recover vanadium from steel slag, enabling its use as a renewable resource. It is believed that the technique presented in this study for extracting vanadium from steel slag may simplify the acquisition of vanadium from other materials and serve as a long-term source of this element.eninfo:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccessEAF FurnaceLeachingOptimizationRecoveryRoastingVanadiumArticle