Arafi, VahidHasani, AlkaSadeghi, JavidVarshochi, MojtabaPoortahmasebi, VahdatHasani, AkbarHasani, Roqaiyeh2024-05-252024-05-2520230302-89331432-072X10.1007/s00203-023-03553-52-s2.0-85158136478https://doi.org/10.1007/s00203-023-03553-5https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14517/1243Hasani, Alka/0000-0001-6648-0893Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) are the strains diverted from the intestinal status and account mainly for uropathogenicity. This pathotype has gained specifications in structure and virulence to turn into a competent uropathogenic organism. Biofilm formation and antibiotic resistance play an important role in the organism's persistence in the urinary tract. Increased consumption of carbapenem prescribed for multidrug-resistant (MDR) and Extended-spectrum-beta lactamase (ESBL)-producing UPECs, has added to the expansion of resistance. The World Health Organization (WHO) and Centre for Disease Control (CDC) placed the Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) on their treatment priority lists. Understanding both patterns of pathogenicity, and multiple drug resistance may provide guidance for the rational use of anti-bacterial agents in the clinic. Developing an effective vaccine, adherence-inhibiting compounds, cranberry juice, and probiotics are non-antibiotical approaches proposed for the treatment of drug-resistant UTIs. We aimed to review the distinguishing characteristics, current therapeutic options and promising non-antibiotical approaches against ESBL-producing and CRE UPECs.eninfo:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccessUropathogenic Escherichia coliTherapeuticbeta-lactamaseCarbapenemVirulenceVaccineReviewQ3Q32056WOS:000984692800001371568861