Aydogan, A.2026-02-152026-02-152026978981965237297830319310559789819662968978303199996397830319501629783031947698978303200440697830319100749783032083807978303207717297898196904732367-337010.1007/978-981-96-9048-0_382-s2.0-105028294580https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-96-9048-0_38https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14517/8797In this study, the effectiveness of the “Toilet Training Simulator VR” virtual reality application, using the video model teaching method for teaching toilet training skills to individuals with intellectual disabilities, was examined. The study was conducted in a special education school. The research used a multiple probe model with inter-behavior probe trials as a single-subject research method. The independent variable was the “Toilet Training Simulator VR” application, while the dependent variables were the toilet training skills: toileting, cleaning, and hand washing. Data collected included effectiveness, reliability, and social validity. Two types of reliability data were gathered: implementation reliability and inter-observer reliability. Effectiveness was calculated using the formula “Number of Correct Responses/Total Response Opportunities × 100.” Social validity was analyzed through descriptive analysis. Results showed that the individual with intellectual disabilities was able to perform toilet training, cleaning, and hand washing skills independently using the VR application. These skills were retained over time and generalized to the real environment. Social validity findings indicated that teachers generally held positive views on the effectiveness of the “Toilet Training Simulator VR” application in teaching toilet training skills. Technological advancements in virtual reality have made these devices more accessible. It is recommended that special education schools or institutions adopt the “Toilet Training Simulator VR” application. Future research may focus on developing tools that provide physical sensations similar to the real environment to aid in the transition to the generalization stage. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2026.eninfo:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccessIntellectual DisabilitySkills TeachingToilet TrainingToilet Training Simulator VRVirtual RealityConference Object