Browsing by Author "Zarrabi, Ali"

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3D and 4D printing of MXene-based composites: from fundamentals to emerging applications
(Royal Soc Chemistry, 2024) Khosravı, Arezoo; Zarepour, Atefeh; Khosravi, Arezoo; Iravani, Siavash; Zarrabi, Ali; Genetik ve Biyomühendislik / Genetic and Bio-Engineering
The advent of three-dimensional (3D) and four-dimensional (4D) printing technologies has significantly improved the fabrication of advanced materials, with MXene-based composites emerging as a particularly promising class due to their exceptional electrical, mechanical, and chemical properties. This review explores the fundamentals of MXenes and their composites, examining their unique characteristics and the underlying principles of their synthesis and processing. We highlight the transformative potential of 3D and 4D printing techniques in tailoring MXene-based materials for a wide array of applications. In the field of tissue regeneration, MXene composites offer enhanced biocompatibility and mechanical strength, making them ideal for scaffolds and implants. For drug delivery, the high surface area and tunable surface chemistry of MXenes enable precise control over drug release profiles. In energy storage, MXene-based electrodes exhibit superior conductivity and capacity, paving the way for next-generation batteries and supercapacitors. Additionally, the sensitivity and selectivity of MXene composites make them excellent candidates for various (bio)sensing applications, from environmental monitoring to biomedical diagnostics. By integrating the dynamic capabilities of 4D printing, which introduces time-dependent shape transformations, MXene-based composites can further adapt to complex and evolving functional requirements. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the current state of research, identifies key challenges, and discusses future directions for the development and application of 3D and 4D printed MXene-based composites. Through this exploration, we aim to underscore the significant impact of these advanced materials and technologies on diverse scientific and industrial fields. This review highlights the developments in the 3D/4D printing of MXene-based composites, focusing on their application in tissue regeneration, drug delivery, sensing, and energy storage.
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Advancing personalized medicine: Integrating statistical algorithms with omics and nano-omics for enhanced diagnostic accuracy and treatment efficacy
(Elsevier, 2024) Coskun, Abdurrahman; Khosravı, Arezoo; Pusparum, Murih; Van Hoof, Rebekka; Kaya, Zelal Zuhal; Khosravi, Arezoo; Zarrabi, Ali; Genetik ve Biyomühendislik / Genetic and Bio-Engineering
Medical laboratory services enable precise measurement of thousands of biomolecules and have become an inseparable part of high-quality healthcare services, exerting a profound influence on global health outcomes. The integration of omics technologies into laboratory medicine has transformed healthcare, enabling personalized treatments and interventions based on individuals' distinct genetic and metabolic profiles. Interpreting laboratory data relies on reliable reference values. Presently, population-derived references are used for individuals, risking misinterpretation due to population heterogeneity, and leading to medical errors. Thus, personalized references are crucial for precise interpretation of individual laboratory results, and the interpretation of omics data should be based on individualized reference values. We reviewed recent advancements in personalized laboratory medicine, focusing on personalized omics, and discussed strategies for implementing personalized statistical approaches in omics technologies to improve global health and concluded that personalized statistical algorithms for interpretation of omics data have great potential to enhance global health. Finally, we demonstrated that the convergence of nanotechnology and omics sciences is transforming personalized laboratory medicine by providing unparalleled diagnostic precision and innovative therapeutic strategies.
Citation Count: 1
Amine-functionalized mesoporous silica nanoparticles decorated by silver nanoparticles for delivery of doxorubicin in breast and cervical cancer cells
(Elsevier, 2024) Ghobadi, Melika; Khosravı, Arezoo; Ardestani, Mohammad Taha Salmanifard; Mousavi-Khattat, Mohammad; Shakeran, Zahra; Khosravi, Arezoo; Zarrabi, Ali; Genetik ve Biyomühendislik / Genetic and Bio-Engineering
Nanocarriers have demonstrated promising potential in the delivery of various anticancer drugs and in improving the efficiency of the treatment. In this study, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were green-synthesized using the extracts of different parts of the pomegranate plant, including the peel, flower petals, and calyx. To obtain the most efficient extract used for the green synthesis of AgNPs, all three types of synthesized nanoparticles were characterized. Then, (3-Aminopropyl) triethoxysilane-functionalized mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs-APTES) decorated with AgNPs were fabricated via a one-pot green-synthesis method. AgNPs were directly coated on the surface of MSNs-APTES by adding pomegranate extract enriched with a source of reducing agent leading to converting the silver ion to AgNPs. The MSN-APTES-AgNPs (MSNs-AgNPs) have been thoroughly characterized using nanoparticle characterization techniques. In addition, DNA cleavage and hemolysis activities of the synthesized nanoparticles were analyzed, confirming the biocompatibility of synthesized nanoparticles. The Doxorubicin (DOX, as a breast/cervical anti-cancer drug) loading (42.8%) and release profiles were investigated via UV-visible spectroscopy. The fibroblast, breast cancer, and cervical cancer cells' viability against DOX-loaded nanoparticles were also studied. The results of this high drug loading, uniform shape, and small functionalized nanoparticles demonstrated its great potential for breast and cervical cancer management.
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Application of 3D, 4D, 5D, and 6D bioprinting in cancer research: what does the future look like?
(Royal Soc Chemistry, 2024) Khorsandi, Danial; Khosravı, Arezoo; Sezen, Serap; Ferrao, Rafaela; Khosravi, Arezoo; Zarepour, Atefeh; Zarrabi, Ali; Genetik ve Biyomühendislik / Genetic and Bio-Engineering
The application of three- and four-dimensional (3D/4D) printing in cancer research represents a significant advancement in understanding and addressing the complexities of cancer biology. 3D/4D materials provide more physiologically relevant environments compared to traditional two-dimensional models, allowing for a more accurate representation of the tumor microenvironment that enables researchers to study tumor progression, drug responses, and interactions with surrounding tissues under conditions similar to in vivo conditions. The dynamic nature of 4D materials introduces the element of time, allowing for the observation of temporal changes in cancer behavior and response to therapeutic interventions. The use of 3D/4D printing in cancer research holds great promise for advancing our understanding of the disease and improving the translation of preclinical findings to clinical applications. Accordingly, this review aims to briefly discuss 3D and 4D printing and their advantages and limitations in the field of cancer. Moreover, new techniques such as 5D/6D printing and artificial intelligence (AI) are also introduced as methods that could be used to overcome the limitations of 3D/4D printing and opened promising ways for the fast and precise diagnosis and treatment of cancer. Recent advancements pertaining to the application of 3D, 4D, 5D, and 6D bioprinting in cancer research are discussed, focusing on important challenges and future perspectives.
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Biohybrid Micro/Nanorobots: Pioneering the Next Generation of Medical Technology
(Wiley, 2024) Khosravı, Arezoo; Khosravi, Arezoo; Iravani, Siavash; Zarrabi, Ali; Genetik ve Biyomühendislik / Genetic and Bio-Engineering
Biohybrid micro/nanorobots hold a great potential for advancing biomedical research. These tiny structures, designed to mimic biological organisms, offer a promising method for targeted drug delivery, tissue engineering, biosensing/imaging, and cancer therapy, among other applications. The integration of biology and robotics opens new possibilities for minimally invasive surgeries and personalized healthcare solutions. The key challenges in the development of biohybrid micro/nanorobots include ensuring biocompatibility, addressing manufacturing scalability, enhancing navigation and localization capabilities, maintaining stability in dynamic biological environments, navigating regulatory hurdles, and successfully translating these innovative technologies into clinical applications. Herein, the recent advancements, challenges, and future perspectives related to the biomedical applications of biohybrid micro/nanorobots are described. Indeed, this review sheds light on the cutting-edge developments in this field, providing researchers with an updated overview of the current potential of biohybrid micro/nanorobots in the realm of biomedical applications, and offering insights into their practical applications. Furthermore, it delves into recent advancements in the field of biohybrid micro/nanorobotics, providing a comprehensive analysis of the current state-of-the-art technologies and their future applications in the biomedical field. This review is about biohybrid micro/nanorobots, a class of micro/nanorobotics composed of a biological part and an artificial sector. It also explores recent advancements in biomedical applications of biohybrid micro/nanorobots by focusing on their potential usage in targeted drug delivery, tissue engineering, cancer therapy, and imaging-guided therapy. image
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Carboxymethyl cellulose/sodium alginate hydrogel with anti-inflammatory capabilities for accelerated wound healing; In vitro and in vivo study
(Elsevier, 2024) Hosseini, Seyed Mohammad Reza; Khosravı, Arezoo; Namnabat, Mahtab; Azadani, Reyhaneh Nasr; Gharibdousti, Fateme Azimi; Rizi, Elmira Mousavi; Zarrabi, Ali; Genetik ve Biyomühendislik / Genetic and Bio-Engineering
Recently, managing the chronic skin wounds has become increasingly challenging for healthcare professionals due to the intricate orchestration of cellular and molecular processes involved that lead to the uncontrollable inflammatory reactions which hinder the healing process. Therefore, different types of wound dressings with immunomodulatory properties have been developed in recent years to effectively regulate the immune responses, enhance angiogenesis, promote re-epithelialization, and accelerate the wound healing process. This study aims to develop a new type of immunomodulatory wound dressing utilizing carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)/sodium alginate (Alg)-simvastatin (SIM) to simultaneously enhance the inflammatory responses and the wound healing ratio. The CMC/Alg-SIM hydrogels exhibited appropriate swelling ratio, water vapor transmission rate, and desirable degradation rate, depending on the SIM content. The fabricated dressing showed sustained release of SIM (during 5 days) that improved the proliferation of skin cells. According to the in vitro findings, the CMC/Alg-SIM hydrogel exhibited controlled pro-inflammatory responses (decreased 2.5- and 1.6-times IL-6 and TNF-alpha, respectively) and improved secretion of anti-inflammatory cytokines (increased 1.5- and 1.3-times IL-10 and TGF-beta, respectively) in comparison with CMC/Alg. Furthermore, the CMC/Alg-SIM hydrogel facilitated rapid wound healing in the rat model with a full-thickness skin defect. After 14 days post-surgery, the wound healing ratio in the CMC/Alg hydrogel group (-93%) was significantly greater than the control group (-58%). Therefore, the engineered CMC/Alg-SIM hydrogel with desired immunomodulatory properties possesses the potential to enhance and accelerate skin regeneration for the management of chronic wound healing.
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Catalytic and biomedical applications of nanocelluloses: A review of recent developments
(Elsevier, 2024) Khorsandi, Danial; Khosravı, Arezoo; Zarepour, Atefeh; Khosravi, Arezoo; Rabiee, Navid; Iravani, Siavash; Zarrabi, Ali; Genetik ve Biyomühendislik / Genetic and Bio-Engineering
Nanocelluloses exhibit immense potential in catalytic and biomedical applications. Their unique properties, biocompatibility, and versatility make them valuable in various industries, contributing to advancements in environmental sustainability, catalysis, energy conversion, drug delivery, tissue engineering, biosensing/imaging, and wound healing/dressings. Nanocellulose-based catalysts can efficiently remove pollutants from contaminated environments, contributing to sustainable and cleaner ecosystems. These materials can also be utilized as drug carriers, enabling targeted and controlled drug release. Their high surface area allows for efficient loading of therapeutic agents, while their biodegradability ensures safer and gradual release within the body. These targeted drug delivery systems enhance the efficacy of treatments and minimizes side effects. Moreover, nanocelluloses can serve as scaffolds in tissue engineering due to their structural integrity and biocompatibility. They provide a three-dimensional framework for cell growth and tissue regeneration, promoting the development of functional and biologically relevant tissues. Nanocellulose-based dressings have shown great promise in wound healing and dressings. Their ability to absorb exudates, maintain a moist environment, and promote cell proliferation and migration accelerates the wound healing process. Herein, the recent advancements pertaining to the catalytic and biomedical applications of nanocelluloses and their composites are deliberated, focusing on important challenges, advantages, limitations, and future prospects.
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Contribution of Autophagy to Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition Induction during Cancer Progression
(Mdpi, 2024) Strippoli, Raffaele; Khosravı, Arezoo; Adelipour, Maryam; Khosravi, Arezoo; Cordani, Marco; Zarrabi, Ali; Allameh, Abdolamir; Genetik ve Biyomühendislik / Genetic and Bio-Engineering
Simple Summary This manuscript focuses on the complex relationships between autophagy and epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) in cancer. Autophagy, a cellular degradation process, and EMT, a mechanism where epithelial cells acquire mesenchymal features, both play significant roles in cancer development. This review aims to explore how these processes interact, particularly how autophagy impacts cancer cell fate during EMT. The findings from this study are expected to contribute to a better understanding of cancer biology and could potentially impact cancer treatment strategies, as both autophagy and EMT are considered targets for therapy.Abstract Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) is a dedifferentiation process implicated in many physio-pathological conditions including tumor transformation. EMT is regulated by several extracellular mediators and under certain conditions it can be reversible. Autophagy is a conserved catabolic process in which intracellular components such as protein/DNA aggregates and abnormal organelles are degraded in specific lysosomes. In cancer, autophagy plays a controversial role, acting in different conditions as both a tumor suppressor and a tumor-promoting mechanism. Experimental evidence shows that deep interrelations exist between EMT and autophagy-related pathways. Although this interplay has already been analyzed in previous studies, understanding mechanisms and the translational implications of autophagy/EMT need further study. The role of autophagy in EMT is not limited to morphological changes, but activation of autophagy could be important to DNA repair/damage system, cell adhesion molecules, and cell proliferation and differentiation processes. Based on this, both autophagy and EMT and related pathways are now considered as targets for cancer therapy. In this review article, the contribution of autophagy to EMT and progression of cancer is discussed. This article also describes the multiple connections between EMT and autophagy and their implication in cancer treatment.
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Development of pH and thermo-responsive smart niosomal carriers for delivery of gemcitabine to the breast cancer cells
(Springernature, 2024) Ghalehshahi, Saeid Shirzadi; Khosravı, Arezoo; Naderi, Nazanin; Nasri, Negar; Saharkhiz, Shiva; Zarepour, Atefeh; Zarrabi, Ali; Genetik ve Biyomühendislik / Genetic and Bio-Engineering
The utilization of intelligent drug carriers in cancer therapy has emerged as a transformative paradigm in modern oncology. These advanced drug delivery systems exploit the distinctive characteristics of cancer cells and their surrounding microenvironment to attain precise and targeted drug release at the tumor site. In this study, we aim to introduce a novel niosome formulation endowed with dual-responsive properties, pH, and thermo-sensitivity, to enhance drug release precisely within the intended target site. Therefore, thin-film method was used for the fabrication of niosomes, incorporating dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC), as thermoresponsive phospholipid, and citraconic anhydride, as pH-responsive linker. The fabricated niosomes were evaluated through physicochemical analysis using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), dynamic light scattering (DLS), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Additionally, the entrapment efficiency (EE%) and drug release pattern of gemcitabine (GEM) were quantified at different conditions using UV-Visible spectroscopy. The bioactivity of these niosomes was also evaluated via cytotoxicity assay and flow cytometry. Results of physicochemical analysis verified the successful fabrication of spherical nanoparticles, with a size range of about 100-150 nm and a neutral surface charge. Furthermore, the fabricated niosomes showed sensitivity to acidic pH (6.5) and temperature exceeding the transition temperature (Tc) of the DPPC (41.5 degrees C). Importantly, the drug release profile indicated about 10-17% enhancement in drug release for the dual-stimuli platform in comparison to the single-stimuli ones. The cytotoxicity assay and flow cytometry analysis demonstrated an approximate 10% increase in cytotoxicity and about a 2.5-fold rise in apoptosis induction for the dual-stimuli responsive platform in contrast to the free drug. In conclusion, this dual-stimuli responsive nanocarrier presents a promising strategy to enhance the specificity and efficacy of cancer chemotherapy while simultaneously reducing the adverse side effects experienced by patients.
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Electrogenic bacteria in microbial fuel cells: innovative approaches to sustainable wastewater treatment and bioelectricity production
(Springernature, 2024) Khosravı, Arezoo; Khaleghi, Moj; Miroliaei, Mohammad Reza; Naghibi, Negin; Tehranian, Aref; Khosravi, Arezoo; Zarrabi, Ali; Genetik ve Biyomühendislik / Genetic and Bio-Engineering
Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) offer a promising solution to address contemporary issues such as water scarcity, pollution, high electricity costs, and reliance on fossil fuels. By utilizing exoelectrogenic bacteria, MFCs can simultaneously purify water and generate electricity. This study investigated the potential for electricity production and wastewater treatment using exoelectrogenic bacteria isolated from urban wastewater in Kerman City. A two-chamber MFC with a 500 ml volume and a KCl salt bridge for proton transfer was employed. The microbial community effectively reduced chemical oxygen demand (COD) and biological oxygen demand (BOD) by 99% and 63%, respectively, and removed heavy metals from the wastewater. The highest voltage and current generated from the effluent were 330 mV and 1.825 mA, respectively. Among the 28 identified bacterial strains, five (Shewanella sp., Lysinibacillus sp., Bacillus sp., Enterobacter sp., and Acinetobacter sp.) were selected for further study. Shewanella sp. produced the highest voltage and current, reaching 230 mV and 0.016 mA, respectively. These findings underscore the significant potential of exoelectrogenic bacteria in advancing MFC technology for sustainable wastewater treatment and energy production.
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Glycosylated nanoplatforms: From glycosylation strategies to implications and opportunities for cancer theranostics
(Elsevier, 2024) Zare, Iman; Khosravı, Arezoo; Varol, Ayseguel; Varol, Tugba Oren; Varol, Mehmet; Sezen, Serap; Zarrabi, Ali; Genetik ve Biyomühendislik / Genetic and Bio-Engineering
Glycosylated nanoplatforms have emerged as promising tools in the field of cancer theranostics, integrating both therapeutic and diagnostic functionalities. These nanoscale platforms are composed of different materials such as lipids, polymers, carbons, and metals that can be modified with glycosyl moieties to enhance their targeting capabilities towards cancer cells. This review provides an overview of different modification strategies employed to introduce glycosylation onto nanoplatforms, including chemical conjugation, enzymatic methods, and bioorthogonal reactions. Furthermore, the potential applications of glycosylated nanoplatforms in cancer theranostics are discussed, focusing on their roles in drug delivery, imaging, and combination therapy. The ability of these nanoplatforms to selectively target cancer cells through specific interactions with overexpressed glycan receptors is highlighted, emphasizing their potential for enhancing efficacy and reducing the side effects compared to conventional therapies. In addition, the incorporation of diagnostic components onto the glycosylated nanoplatforms provided the capability of simultaneous imaging and therapy and facilitated the real-time monitoring of treatment response. Finally, challenges and future perspectives in the development and translation of glycosylated nanoplatforms for clinical applications are addressed, including scalability, biocompatibility, and regulatory considerations. Overall, this review underscores the significant progress made in the field of glycosylated nanoplatforms and their potential to revolutionize cancer theranostics.
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Innovative approaches for cancer treatment: graphene quantum dots for photodynamic and photothermal therapies
(Royal Soc Chemistry, 2024) Zarepour, Atefeh; Khosravı, Arezoo; Yuecel Ayten, Necla; cakir Hatir, Pinar; Iravani, Siavash; Zarrabi, Ali; Genetik ve Biyomühendislik / Genetic and Bio-Engineering
Graphene quantum dots (GQDs) hold great promise for photodynamic and photothermal cancer therapies. Their unique properties, such as exceptional photoluminescence, photothermal conversion efficiency, and surface functionalization capabilities, make them attractive candidates for targeted cancer treatment. GQDs have a high photothermal conversion efficiency, meaning they can efficiently convert light energy into heat, leading to localized hyperthermia in tumors. By targeting the tumor site with laser irradiation, GQD-based nanosystems can induce selective cancer cell destruction while sparing healthy tissues. In photodynamic therapy, light-sensitive compounds known as photosensitizers are activated by light of specific wavelengths, generating reactive oxygen species that induce cancer cell death. GQD-based nanosystems can act as excellent photosensitizers due to their ability to absorb light across a broad spectrum; their nanoscale size allows for deeper tissue penetration, enhancing the therapeutic effect. The combination of photothermal and photodynamic therapies using GQDs holds immense potential in cancer treatment. By integrating GQDs into this combination therapy approach, researchers aim to achieve enhanced therapeutic efficacy through synergistic effects. However, biodistribution and biodegradation of GQDs within the body present a significant hurdle to overcome, as ensuring their effective delivery to the tumor site and stability during treatment is crucial for therapeutic efficacy. In addition, achieving precise targeting specificity of GQDs to cancer cells is a challenging task that requires further exploration. Moreover, improving the photothermal conversion efficiency of GQDs, controlling reactive oxygen species generation for photodynamic therapy, and evaluating their long-term biocompatibility are all areas that demand attention. Scalability and cost-effectiveness of GQD synthesis methods, as well as obtaining regulatory approval for clinical applications, are also hurdles that need to be addressed. Further exploration of GQDs in photothermal and photodynamic cancer therapies holds promise for advancements in targeted drug delivery, personalized medicine approaches, and the development of innovative combination therapies. The purpose of this review is to critically examine the current trends and advancements in the application of GQDs in photothermal and photodynamic cancer therapies, highlighting their potential benefits, advantages, and future perspectives as well as addressing the crucial challenges that need to be overcome for their practical application in targeted cancer therapy. Recent advancements pertaining to the application of GQD-based nanosystems in photothermal and photodynamic cancer therapies are discussed, highlighting crucial challenges, advantages, and future perspectives.
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Innovative approaches in skin therapy: bionanocomposites for skin tissue repair and regeneration
(Royal Soc Chemistry, 2024) Bal-Ozturk, Ayca; Khosravı, Arezoo; Yasayan, Gokcen; Avci-Adali, Meltem; Khosravi, Arezoo; Zarepour, Atefeh; Zarrabi, Ali; Genetik ve Biyomühendislik / Genetic and Bio-Engineering
Bionanocomposites (BNCs) have gained significant attention in the field of biomaterials, particularly for their potential applications in skin tissue repair and regeneration. Advantages of these biomaterials in skin care and wound healing/dressings include their ability to provide a suitable environment for tissue regeneration. They can mimic the extracellular matrix, supporting cellular interactions and promoting the formation of new tissue. They can also be engineered to have controlled release properties, allowing for the localized and sustained delivery of bioactive molecules, growth factors, or antimicrobial agents to the wound site. BNCs can be used as scaffolds or matrices for bioprinting, enabling the fabrication of complex structures that closely resemble native tissue. BNC-based films, hydrogels, and dressings can serve as protective barriers, promoting an optimal wound healing environment and preventing infection. These materials can also be incorporated into advanced wound care products, such as smart dressings, which can monitor wound healing progress and provide real-time feedback to healthcare professionals. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the current trends, advantages, challenges, and future directions in this rapidly evolving field. The current trends in the field are deliberated, including the incorporation of natural polymers, such as silk fibroin, hyaluronic acid, collagen, gelatin, chitosan/chitin, alginate, starch, bacterial cellulose, among others. These BNCs offer biocompatibility/biodegradability, enhanced mechanical strength, and the ability to promote cell adhesion and proliferation. However, crucial challenges such as biocompatibility optimization, mechanical property tuning, and regulatory approval need to be addressed. Furthermore, the future directions and emerging research areas are deliberated, including the development of biomimetic BNCs that mimic the native tissue microenvironment in terms of composition, structure, and bioactive cues. Furthermore, the integration of advanced fabrication techniques, such as 3D bioprinting and electrospinning, and the incorporation of nanoparticles and bioactive molecules hold promise for enhancing the therapeutic efficacy of BNCs in skin tissue repair and regeneration. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the current trends, advantages, challenges, and future directions in the field of bionanocomposites for skin tissue repair and regeneration.
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Intersecting pathways: The role of hybrid E/M cells and circulating tumor cells in cancer metastasis and drug resistance
(Churchill Livingstone, 2024) Hariri, Amirali; Khosravı, Arezoo; Khosravi, Arezoo; Zarepour, Atefeh; Iravani, Siavash; Zarrabi, Ali; Genetik ve Biyomühendislik / Genetic and Bio-Engineering
Cancer metastasis and therapy resistance are intricately linked with the dynamics of Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) and Circulating Tumor Cells (CTCs). EMT hybrid cells, characterized by a blend of epithelial and mesenchymal traits, have emerged as pivotal in metastasis and demonstrate remarkable plasticity, enabling transitions across cellular states crucial for intravasation, survival in circulation, and extravasation at distal sites. Concurrently, CTCs, which are detached from primary tumors and travel through the bloodstream, are crucial as potential biomarkers for cancer prognosis and therapeutic response. There is a significant interplay between EMT hybrid cells and CTCs, revealing a complex, bidirectional relationship that significantly influences metastatic progression and has a critical role in cancer drug resistance. This resistance is further influenced by the tumor microenvironment, with factors such as tumor-associated macrophages, cancer-associated fibroblasts, and hypoxic conditions driving EMT and contributing to therapeutic resistance. It is important to understand the molecular mechanisms of EMT, characteristics of EMT hybrid cells and CTCs, and their roles in both metastasis and drug resistance. This comprehensive understanding sheds light on the complexities of cancer metastasis and opens avenues for novel diagnostic approaches and targeted therapies and has significant advancements in combating cancer metastasis and overcoming drug resistance.
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MOFs and MOF-Based Composites as Next-Generation Materials for Wound Healing and Dressings
(Wiley-v C H verlag Gmbh, 2024) Bigham, Ashkan; Khosravı, Arezoo; Khosravi, Arezoo; Zarepour, Atefeh; Iravani, Siavash; Zarrabi, Ali; Genetik ve Biyomühendislik / Genetic and Bio-Engineering
In recent years, there has been growing interest in developing innovative materials and therapeutic strategies to enhance wound healing outcomes, especially for chronic wounds and antimicrobial resistance. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) represent a promising class of materials for next-generation wound healing and dressings. Their high surface area, pore structures, stimuli-responsiveness, antibacterial properties, biocompatibility, and potential for combination therapies make them suitable for complex wound care challenges. MOF-based composites promote cell proliferation, angiogenesis, and matrix synthesis, acting as carriers for bioactive molecules and promoting tissue regeneration. They also have stimuli-responsivity, enabling photothermal therapies for skin cancer and infections. Herein, a critical analysis of the current state of research on MOFs and MOF-based composites for wound healing and dressings is provided, offering valuable insights into the potential applications, challenges, and future directions in this field. This literature review has targeted the multifunctionality nature of MOFs in wound-disease therapy and healing from different aspects and discussed the most recent advancements made in the field. In this context, the potential reader will find how the MOFs contributed to this field to yield more effective, functional, and innovative dressings and how they lead to the next generation of biomaterials for skin therapy and regeneration. Recent advancements pertaining to the applications of MOFs and their composites for wound healing and dressings are deliberated, with the purpose of identifying knowledge gaps, evaluating challenges, and guiding future directions in the field. image
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MXene-based composites in smart wound healing and dressings
(Royal Soc Chemistry, 2024) Zarepour, Atefeh; Khosravı, Arezoo; Khosravi, Arezoo; Rabiee, Navid; Iravani, Siavash; Zarrabi, Ali; Genetik ve Biyomühendislik / Genetic and Bio-Engineering
MXenes, a class of two-dimensional materials, exhibit considerable potential in wound healing and dressing applications due to their distinctive attributes, including biocompatibility, expansive specific surface area, hydrophilicity, excellent electrical conductivity, unique mechanical properties, facile surface functionalization, and tunable band gaps. These materials serve as a foundation for the development of advanced wound healing materials, offering multifunctional nanoplatforms with theranostic capabilities. Key advantages of MXene-based materials in wound healing and dressings encompass potent antibacterial properties, hemostatic potential, pro-proliferative attributes, photothermal effects, and facilitation of cell growth. So far, different types of MXene-based materials have been introduced with improved features for wound healing and dressing applications. This review covers the recent advancements in MXene-based wound healing and dressings, with a focus on their contributions to tissue regeneration, infection control, anti-inflammation, photothermal effects, and targeted therapeutic delivery. We also discussed the constraints and prospects for the future application of these nanocomposites in the context of wound healing/dressings. Recent advancements in MXene-based wound dressings are discussed, focusing on their contributions to tissue regeneration, infection control, anti-inflammation and photothermal effects, and targeted therapeutic delivery.
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MXene/zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF) composites: A perspective on their emerging applications
(Elsevier, 2024) Iravani, Siavash; Khosravı, Arezoo; Zarrabi, Ali; Khosravi, Arezoo; Makvandi, Pooyan; Genetik ve Biyomühendislik / Genetic and Bio-Engineering
MXene/zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF) composites represent a rapidly growing area of research in the field of energy storage, catalysis, sensing, flexible electronics, microwave/electromagnetic wave absorption, biomedicine, and environmental remediation/water treatment. The integration of MXene and ZIFs in composite materials has led to develop highly sensitive and selective (bio)sensing platforms, enabling advances in biomedicine/healthcare, environmental monitoring, and industrial safety. MXene/ZIF composites showcase exceptional catalytic activity for a wide range of chemical transformations. Their exceptional adsorption capacity, selectivity, membrane integration, regeneration capabilities, and antibacterial properties make them invaluable assets in tackling water treatment challenges. The combination of MXene's conductivity and ZIF's dielectric properties, along with their unique morphological features, results in enhanced microwave absorption capabilities. Furthermore, while the biomedical applications of MXene/ZIF composites are still in the early stages of exploration, the combination of their unique properties provides a platform for innovative solutions in drug delivery, cancer nanotheranostics, bioimaging, tissue engineering, and biosensing. This article aims to present a comprehensive overview of the research progress in MXene/ZIF composites, focusing on current trends, important challenges, and future perspectives.
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Nanosystems for targeted drug Delivery: Innovations and challenges in overcoming the Blood-Brain barrier for neurodegenerative disease and cancer therapy
(Elsevier, 2024) Khosravı, Arezoo; Zarepour, Atefeh; Bigham, Ashkan; Khosravi, Arezoo; Naderi-Manesh, Hossein; Iravani, Siavash; Zarrabi, Ali; Genetik ve Biyomühendislik / Genetic and Bio-Engineering
The evolution of sophisticated nanosystems has revolutionized biomedicine, notably in treating neurodegenerative diseases and cancer. These systems show potential in delivering medication precisely to affected tissues, improving treatment effectiveness while minimizing side effects. Nevertheless, a major hurdle in targeted drug delivery is breaching the blood-brain barrier (BBB), a selective shield separating the bloodstream from the brain and spinal cord. The tight junctions between endothelial cells in brain capillaries create a formidable physical barrier, alongside efflux transporters that expel harmful molecules. This presents a notable challenge for brain drug delivery. Nanosystems present distinct advantages in overcoming BBB challenges, offering enhanced drug efficacy, reduced side effects, improved stability, and controlled release. Despite their promise, challenges persist, such as the BBB's regional variability hindering uniform drug distribution. Efflux transporters can also limit therapeutic agent efficacy, while nanosystem toxicity necessitates rigorous safety evaluations. Understanding the long-term impact of nanomaterials on the brain remains crucial. Additionally, addressing nanosystem scalability, cost-effectiveness, and safety profiles is vital for widespread clinical implementation. This review delves into the advancements and obstacles of advanced nanosystems in targeted drug delivery for neurodegenerative diseases and cancer therapy, with a focus on overcoming the BBB.
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Nature-inspired healing: Biomimetic nanomaterials for advanced wound management
(Elsevier, 2024) Khosravı, Arezoo; Yavari, Maryam; Zarepour, Atefeh; Khosravi, Arezoo; Iravani, Siavash; Zarrabi, Ali; Genetik ve Biyomühendislik / Genetic and Bio-Engineering
This review explores the transformative potential of biomimetic nanomaterials in the realm of advanced wound management, focusing on their application in promoting healing of wound while preventing infections and/or real-time monitoring healing process. The intricate design of biomimetic nanomaterials allows for the targeted delivery of therapeutic agents, modulation of inflammatory responses, and promotion of tissue regeneration within the wound microenvironment. Despite their promising benefits, challenges such as complex design requirements, scalability issues, and long-term safety concerns need to be addressed to maximize the clinical utility of these innovative materials. By overcoming these challenges through interdisciplinary collaboration and technological advancements, the integration of biomimetic nanomaterials in wound management offers a promising avenue for personalized, efficient, and effective treatment strategies. Looking ahead, the future perspectives of biomimetic nanomaterials in advanced wound management hold immense potential for developing the field of wound care. By harnessing the regenerative properties, infection prevention capabilities, and smart real-time monitoring functionalities of biomimetic nanomaterials, healthcare providers can deliver tailor-made solutions that address the unique needs of individual patients and optimize healing outcomes. This review aims to provide insights into the challenges, opportunities, and future directions of utilizing biomimetic nano- materials for advanced wound management, shedding light on the transformative impact of these innovative materials in improving patient well-being and redefining the standards of care in wound healing practices.
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Next-generation nitrogen fixation strategy: empowering electrocatalysis with MXenes
(Royal Soc Chemistry, 2024) Iravani, Siavash; Khosravı, Arezoo; Khosravi, Arezoo; Varma, Rajender S.; Zarrabi, Ali; Genetik ve Biyomühendislik / Genetic and Bio-Engineering
In recent years, the development of sustainable and cost-effective electrocatalysts for nitrogen (N2) fixation has garnered significant attention, leading to the introduction of next-generation materials with electrocatalytic properties. Among the most interesting types of these materials, MXenes and their composite forms with their unique properties like high electrochemical activity, large surface area, tunable properties, excellent electrical conductivity, chemical stability, and abundant transition metals have been widely explored. These properties make MXenes promising candidates for various electrochemical reactions, including water splitting, oxygen reduction, hydrogen evolution, N2 activation and reduction, among others. The interface of these materials could be engineered with other entities which can serve as a promising tool for sustainable production of ammonia (NH3) to address the global nitrogen-related challenges. Moreover, optimizing the interfaces between them and reactants is another way to achieve high catalytic activity, selectivity, and stability. Accordingly, this review aims to offer a comprehensive overview of the current state of research in the field of electrocatalytic N2 fixation deploying MXenes and their composites. The highlights comprise progress made in understanding the catalytic properties and unique performances of MXenes for N2 fixation, as well as challenges that persist in this context and the possible solutions that could be implemented to circumvent these challenges in the future. MXenes offer environmentally friendly alternatives to conventional N2 fixation methods via potential optimization of their catalytic activity and circumventing some synthesis challenges.