Okan Üniversitesi / Okan University

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20-40 YAŞ ARASI NORMAL BİREYLERDE SERVİKAL SAGİTTAL PARAMETRELERİN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ
(2017) Kös, Tufan; Gümüş, Burçak; Uyanık, Sadik Ahmet; Çevik, Halime; Yılmaz, Birnur
Giriş: Bu makalede omurgada servikal sagital dengenin önemi ve normal popülasyonda servikal sagital parametre değerlerinden bahsedilmektedir. Materyal-Metot: Servikal omurgadaki sagital denge ile ilişkili anlatılan parametreler; C0 inklinasyon açısı (Frankfurt hattının horizontal ile yaptığı açı), C0-C2 açısı (kafa tabanından geçen Mc Gregor hattı ile C2 alt son plağı arasındaki açı), T1 slope açısı (C7 alt son plağı ile T1 üst son plağı arasındaki açı), servikal lordoz (C2-C-7 arasındaki açı) 20-40 yaş arası normal sağlıklı bireylerde değerlendirilmiştir.Sonuçlar: C0 inklinasyon açısı ortalama 24,82°± °2,82, C0-C2 açısı 43,03°± 14,78°, T1 slop açısı 2,68° ± 1,33° ve servikal lordoz 42,39°± 7,59° olarak ölçüldü.Sonuç: Bu çalışma, Türk popülasyonunda servikal sagital parametrelerin değerlendirildiği ilk çalışma olup, bu parametrelerin literatürle uyumlu olduğu görülmüştür.
3-D NUMERICAL MODELLING OF GROUND VIBRATION WAVES INDUCED BY BLASTING AT A QUARY
(int Scientific Conference Sgem, 2010) Aksoy, Mehmet; Kahriman, Ali
Ground vibrations arising from excavation with blasting is one of the environmental problems in mining industry. The prediction of ground vibrations and the realization of controlled blasting based on this prediction have a great importance in order to minimize the environmental effects of blasting. The purpose of this study is to analyze the ground vibrations induced by blasting at Akyol Quarry which selected as a test site after the determination of the geomechanical properties of the rock mass with a computer software (AUTODYN 3D) that is able to model three dimensionally. During the field study, samples were taken from the different regions of the quarry. On these samples, geomechanical properties of the intact rock samples were determined. Then, geomechanical properties of the rock mass were estimated. In the numerical modeling stage, four main numerical models were prepared in the AUTODYN software by using the data obtained from the field and laboratory studies. The data obtained from these model runs was compared to the data obtained in the field measurements. As a result of this comparison, the model that would be used for future studies was selected.
Abstract Elliptic Equations with Integral Boundary Conditons
(Shanghai Scientific Technology Literature Publishing House, 2016) Shakhmurov, Veli
This paper focuses on nonlocal integral boundary value problems for elliptic differential-operator equations. Here given conditions guarantee that maximal regularity and Fredholmness in L-p spaces. These results are applied to the Cauchy problem for abstract parabolic equations, its infinite systems and boundary value problems for anisotropic partial differential equations in mixed L-p norm.
Accelerated Alkali-Silica Reaction After a Seven-Year Asr-Dormancy Period
(Kare Publishing, 2024) Beglarigale, A.
The ongoing alkali-silica reaction (ASR) in concrete can be halted by dryness, which is important for repairing ASR-suffered concrete structures. Drying of the concrete establishes an ASR-dormancy period until the end of the dryness. The residual expansion of such concrete after the ingress of water—the end of the dormancy period—is a significant risk, especially for repair works. In this experimental study, the post-dormancy expansion of various mixtures prepared by eight different Portland cement and three different supplementary cementitious materials (SCM) were tested using an accelerated mortar bar test. After accelerated ASR expansions, an ASR-dormancy period was established by keeping the specimens dry for seven years; the residual ASR expansions of the specimens were tested by the same accelerated meth-od. The effect of pre-dormancy reactions on the residual expansions was discussed through two perspectives. The post-dormancy expansion behavior of mixtures without or with insufficient SCM indicated that expansions were primarily driven by the swelling of old gel, whereas in specimens with sufficient SCM, the dominant mechanism was new gel formation, a result of lower pre-dormancy expansions due to the ASR-mitigating effect of SCMs. © 2024, Kare Publishing. All rights reserved.
Accuracy of the Anatomic Placement in Ultrasonography Guided Facet Joint Blockage with Supervising of C-Arm Fluoroscopy
(Briefland, 2019) Erdogan, Sinan; Okur, Sibel Caglar; Atici, Aysegul; Gokcen, Huseyin Bahadir; Polat, Baris; Atici, Yunus
Background: Facet joint blockage is a type of regional anesthesia which is performed selectively on the medial branch of the ramus dorsalis of the spinal nerve and is a current approach for the treatment of pain originating from facet arthropathy. This current approach to chronic low back pain caused by facet joint pathology is usually performed with ultrasound guidance. Objectives: The accuracy of anatomical placement of the facet joint with ultrasonography guidance is determined by C-arm fluoroscopy image taken as reference. Patients and Methods: A total of 22 patients who were diagnosed with facet joint syndrome were involved in the study. After detecting the superolateral corner of the facet joint, which is the target point with ultrasound, the control was provided with C-arm fluoroscopy by giving radiopaque fluid. In order to verify the localization, a mixture of 40 mg triamcinolone and 1 cc 2% lidocaine was injected. Results: Nerve blockage was applied to 67 facet joints at L3 - L4, L4 - L5 and L5 - Si level in a total of 22 patients (15 female and seven male) diagnosed with facet joint syndrome. The patients' mean age was 63 (range, 48 - 80), the mean body mass index was 28.4 (range,18.9 -38.1) and the mean time to determine facet localization with ultrasonography (USG) was 240 seconds (range,140 -320). Patients' mean visual analog scale (VAS) decreased from 7 (range, 6 - 9) to 2.5 (range, 1- 6). In the C-arm fluoroscopy control after the injection of radio-opaque material, the needle was found to be located in the lamina in four segments and it was relocated. In addition to this, two facet joints were not localized in ultrasound. This study concluded that the location of the facet joint with USG guidance is possible with 91% sensitivity and 100% positive predictive value when C-arm fluoroscopy was regarded as a gold standard in determining facet joint localization. No complications were observed. Conclusion: The results showed that ultrasonography guided facet joint block can be considered as a minimally invasive procedure that could be easily applied without radiation exposure.
Adjuvant Brachytherapy for Early Stage Endometrial Cancer: Clinical Outcomes and Dosimetric Comparisons of Ovoid and Cylinder Applicators
(Springer india, 2024) Barlas, Ceren; Ergen, Sefika Arzu; Karacam, Songul cavdar; Sahinler, Ismet
AimTo compare the doses of ovoid and cylinder applicators on the vaginal surface and organs at risk in adjuvant vaginal cuff brachytherapy and to evaluate the effect on clinical outcomes.Materials-MethodsTwenty-one patients were divided into 2 groups according to the applicator type. Three mm-spaced 7 stopping positions were activated in both applicators. The dose was defined as 21 Gy in 3 fractions. To compare the vaginal surface dose differences, point doses were determined in the transverse, sagittal and longitudinal planes with 5 mm intervals. Student-t and Mann-Whitney-U tests were used to compare D0,1cc, D1cc, D2cc, D5cc, D10cc and mean doses of organs at risk and vaginal surface point doses between groups.ResultsPoint doses in the transverse and longitudinal planes were higher in group 1; whereas, they were higher in group 2 in the sagittal plane. The ovoid separation caused a decrease in the sagittal and longitudinal plane doses. While rectum D5cc, D10cc and mean doses were significantly higher in ovoid applicator, bladder D1cc, D2cc, D5cc, D10cc and mean doses and sigmoid D0,1cc and D1cc doses were found to be higher in cylinder applicator.ConclusionThe ovoid applicator had a better dose distribution in the transverse and longitudinal planes than the cylinder applicator; however, low dose in the sagittal plane might be related to the ovoid separation. Bladder and sigmoid doses were higher with cylinder applicator and rectal doses were higher with ovoid applicator. However, there was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of local control and side effects.
Adverse Effect of Emotional Eating Developed During the COVID-19 Pandemic on Healthy Nutrition, a Vicious Circle: A cross-sectional descriptive study
(Asoc Espanola Dietistas Nutricionistas, 2021) Ozcan, Burcu Ates; Yeslikaya, Burcu
Introduction: Because of the new type of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) seen worldwide, many countries have a difficult time both in terms of health and economy. It is thought that infection and fear of death owing to the disease may cause a disturbance in the individuals' psychology. Moreover, precautions such as social distancing and quarantine to prevent the spread of the disease and the prolongation of these interventions may further aggravate the conditions, such as mood disorders and stress. This study was aimed to determine the emotional eating status of individuals during the COVID-19 pandemic and to determine its effect on a healthy eating attitude. Material and methods: This is a cross-sectional descriptive study with a total number of 578 adults without COVID-19 diagnosis and treatment (422 [73%] women, 156 [27%] men). The study was conducted using the Google Forms web survey platform. The link to the survey was shared via WhatsApp and Instagram. The participants were asked to share the study link to reach out to as many potential participants as possible throughout the nation using the method known as snowball sampling. A questionnaire form which includes sociodemographic characteristics, the Turkish version of the Emotional Eater Questionnaire (EEQ-TR), and the Attitude Scale for Healthy Nutrition (ASHN) were applied to the participants. EEQ-TR and ASHN forms were answered twice, retrospectively for the pre-COVID period and prospectively during the COVID period. Results: While average emotional eating scores increased compared to pre-COVID-19 scores, individuals shifted from low-level emotional eaters to emotional eaters (p < 0.000). On the other hand, the average ASHN scores decreased, and individuals shifted from the middle-level healthy eating attitude to a low level (p < 0.000). As the quarantine period increased, emotional eating, body weight, and body mass index (BMI) increased, and healthy eating attitude decreased (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Individuals' emotional eating increased due to social distancing, self-quarantine, or isolation in the COVID-19 pandemic. These changes are found to be effective in healthy eating in a negative way. Long-term unhealthy eating is not recommended for people's health. Therefore, it is necessary to inform individuals about stress management, healthy nutrition, the importance of regular exercise, and sleep patterns.
AI Integrated Theoretical/Organic Chemistry is Set to Revolutionize the Future of Education and De Novo Drug Discovery
(Science and Education Publishing Co. Ltd, 2024) Agar, S.; Tokay, I.; Akkurt, B.; Gokoluk, E.; Akbulut, M.B.; Ozler, B.D.; Elmas, M.
This article discusses the rapidly expanding artificial intelligence (AI) tools combined with theoretical and organic chemistry software to point out the fact that near future is being reborn with a new education system and research system in drug discovery. The integration of AI into the field of chemistry and pharmacy has expanded rapidly in recent years. There has been a significant surge in both journal articles and patents, particularly from 2015 onward. Analyzing the distribution of these publications across various pharmaceutical and chemical research domains reveal that theoretical chemistry, organic chemistry and biochemistry have embraced AI most extensively, showing the highest growth rates. Utilizing such new software tools in educational research centers and academia, students and scholars can learn and apply much more long-durational and larger techniques in shorter times to yield massive results for the sake of humankind’s future with no diseases. This new type of educational and research-oriented technique integrating the control and check mechanism of AI is being used today for the design of new drugs which are essential for the longevity. The utilization of AI with in-silico studies and education increases the ability to stop diseases with a logarithmic increase while the old-fashioned ways of chemistry will be no more in the near future. Overall, this research paper offers a comprehensive overview of AI's advancement in pharmaceutical and chemical area and sheds light on its potential future trajectories. © The Author(s) 2024.
Akyol taş ocağına özgün titreşim tahmin formülünün belirlenmesi
(2014) Aksoy, Mehmet; Kahriman, Ali
Bu çalışmada, Akyol taş ocağında yapılan patlatmalı kazılar titreşim ölçer cihazlarla izlenmiş ve bu amaçla12 adet atımda 36 olay kaydedilmiştir. Bu ölçümler esnasında, çalışmada kullanılan ölçüm cihazlarından bir tanesi patlatma deliklerine mümkün olduğunca yakın yerleştirilerek, sahanın sönümlenme karakteristiğinin, patlatmadan hemen sonraki alanı kapsayacak şekilde belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Alınan ölçümler daha sonra istatistiksel olarak analiz edilmiş ve sahaya ait özgün titreşim tahmin formülü bulunmuştur. Bulunan formülden yararlanılarak, sahada daha sonra yapılacak olan patlatmalarda rehber olarak kullanılabilecek patlatma titreşim tahmin grafiği oluşturulmuştur.
Alginate-Based Cell Encapsulation Using Different Crosslinker Elements
(World Scientific, 2025) Acar, Ö.K.; Tuncer, A.A.; Şahin, F.; Köse, G.T.; Aysan, E.
Alginate microcapsules are the most frequently used materials for cell transplantation. Different crosslinkers affect crosslinking affinity, which has a significant influence on microcapsule properties. The objective was to prepare in vitro microcapsules using calcium, barium, iron, manganese, nickel, and strontium as divalent cations to observe their potential for use in cell transplantation. Sodium alginate was added dropwise to the individually prepared crosslinkers to observe diffusion-based gelling. Alginate microcapsules were investigated regarding capsule stability, physiological properties, and cell viability. After 30 days of incubation, cell viability was greater than 90% for the cell-encapsulated microcapsules when crosslinked with CaCl2 and NiCl2. Viability decreased in the following order: CaCl2 > NiCl2 > BaCl2 > SrCl2 > MnCl2 > FeCl2. A compression test was performed to investigate the required force to deform 30% of microcapsules, and only MnCl2, FeCl2 (180 mM), and NiCl2 (50 mM) demonstrated higher resistance to the applied force than CaCl2. Except for the FeCl2 group, all cell-encapsulated microcapsules remained intact for 45 days. Potential sensitivities to CaCl2 during cell transplantation may compel alternative crosslinker usage, and our study revealed that NiCl2 and BaCl2 can be used as alternative crosslinkers to CaCl2 due to their high cell viability and consistent stability. © World Scientific Publishing Company.
Alternative Treatment for Refractory Jacquet Dermatitis After Hirschsprung Disease Surgery: a Case Report
(Elsevier, 2025) Kilic, Sinan; Guven, Ahmet; Isik, Sakine
Introduction: Jacquet's erosive diaper dermatitis (JDD) is a severe form of diaper dermatitis, characterized by papuloerythematous erosions with crater-like borders in the genital and perianal regions. Case presentation: A 2-year-old male patient was diagnosed with Hirschsprung disease (HD) during the neonatal period. A transition zone was detected in the rectosigmoid region on a contrast enema. Full-thickness rectal biopsy confirmed aganglionosis, and a colostomy was created from the transverse colon. At 18 months of age, the patient underwent the Swenson procedure, and the colostomy was closed during the same session. Following the operation, spontaneous stool passage was achieved. Approximately six months after surgery, ulcerative lesions characteristic of Jacquet dermatitis developed in the perianal region. Despite six months of treatment with moisturizers, regenerative, epithelializing, and barrier therapies (e.g., zinc oxide, madecassoside, shea butter, glycerin, oatmeal, hyaluronic acid), the lesions did not improve. However, after initiating treatment with pure Aloe Vera gel, including a 10 % diluted natural extract applied four times daily, plus a dairy-free diet for three weeks, a rapid clinical response was observed, with visible improvement within the same period. Conclusion: The combination of Aloe Vera-based ointment plus dairy-free diet seems to be an effective management strategy for children with post pull-through Jacquet's dermatitis.
Analysis of effect of in-wheel electric motors mass on passive and active suspension systems
(Asian Research Publishing Network, 2015) Omar,A.A.A.; Özkan,B.
This study presents evaluation of effect of in-wheel electric motors mass on the performance of passive and active suspension systems using matlab. Linear Quadratic Regulator (LQR) is one of more common control methods which is used to complete the design of the active suspension system in this paper. Unsprung mass is one of the important parameters which effects on road holding and ride comfort behaviors in the vehicles, this effect obtained in this work by comparing the performance of the two systems using standard tire and tire with In-Wheel Electric Motor. Also, modeling and simulation of quarter car model completed to construct the Simulink models of the systems using MATLAB software. The study summarized bad effect of increasing the weight of tires by add In-Wheel Motors to the passive and active suspension systems on the road traction and the vehicles drivers comfort, at the same time the active suspension system with in-wheel motor needs high actuator force to work compared to the same system without in-wheel motor. © 2006-2015 Asian Research Publishing Network (ARPN).
Analysis of Morphological Parameters in Pelvic Radiography and Hip Mri : a Practical Reporting Recommendation
(Acta Medica Belgica, 2021) Cicek, Esin Derin; Cevik, Halime
Although numerous criteria have been proposed to define abnormal hip morphology, mostly used in the diagnosis of femoroacetabular impingement, it is not a practical approach to measure all of these parameters in all cases without clinical suspicion. In this study, our aim was to develop an evaluating and reporting standardization for routine hip examinations to define both hip morphology and impingement. A total of 108 patients with routine hip magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and antero-posterior pelvic radiograph (PR) were included in this retrospective study. Alpha angle (AA), acetabular depth (AD), acetabular protrusion, acetabular anteversion, collodiaphyseal angle (CDA), lateral center-edge angle (LCEA) and Tonnis angle (TA) were measured. The differences and associations between these parameters were evaluated according to imaging modality or plane, and sex. Although a significant difference has been found between the axial AA and the coronal AA mean values measured on MRI, there was also a strong correlation. Coronal measurements were significantly higher. AA values measured in PR and coronal MRI were comparable. Males had higher AA in both planes as compared to females. There were no significant differences between CDA values in MRI and PR. There was a significant difference and a moderate correlation between AD values in MRI and PR. We suggest that routine reports should include a measurement of AA in two planes, and measurement of CDA in PR or MRI. Due to the difference in AD between MRI and radiography, LCEA or TA may represent better alternatives. Checking for a negative Tonnis sign would represent a practical approach.
Analysis of morphological parameters in pelvic radiography and hip MRI: A practical reporting recommendation
(ARSMB-KVBMG, 2021) Cicek,E.D.; Cevik,H.
Although numerous criteria have been proposed to define abnormal hip morphology, mostly used in the diagnosis of femoroacetabular impingement, it is not a practical approach to measure all of these parameters in all cases without clinical suspicion. In this study, our aim was to develop an evaluating and reporting standardization for routine hip examinations to define both hip morphology and impingement. A total of 108 patients with routine hip magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and antero-posterior pelvic radiograph (PR) were included in this retrospective study. Alpha angle (AA), acetabular depth (AD), acetabular protrusion, acetabular anteversion, collodiaphyseal angle (CDA), lateral center-edge angle (LCEA) and Tönnis angle (TA) were measured. The differences and associations between these parameters were evaluated according to imaging modality or plane, and sex. Although a significant difference has been found between the axial AA and the coronal AA mean values measured on MRI, there was also a strong correlation. Coronal measurements were significantly higher. AA values measured in PR and coronal MRI were comparable. Males had higher AA in both planes as compared to females. There were no significant differences between CDA values in MRI and PR. There was a significant difference and a moderate correlation between AD values in MRI and PR. We suggest that routine reports should include a measurement of AA in two planes, and measurement of CDA in PR or MRI. Due to the difference in AD between MRI and radiography, LCEA or TA may represent better alternatives. Checking for a negative Tönnis sign would represent a practical approach. © 2021, Acta Orthopædica Belgica.
Analysis of Second-Order Linear Fuzzy Differential Equation Under an Innovative Fuzzy Derivative Approach and Its Application
(World Scientific, 2024) Rangarajan, K.; Singh, P.; Salahshour, S.; Mondal, S.P.
Fuzzy derivatives are a concept based on fuzzy calculus, which extends classical calculus to handle uncertainty and vagueness, habitually represented using fuzzy sets or fuzzy numbers. In fuzzy calculus, the derivative incorporates fuzziness, meaning both the input and output can have imprecise or uncertain values. In this paper, the step size is also considered as a fuzzy number. The impact of fuzziness in step size is studied here for first- and second-order fuzzy derivatives. Under this proposed derivative, differentiation of fuzzy exponential function is estimated. The concept is applied for solving second-order linear fuzzy differential equation. The proposed approaches are applied to spring mass system dynamics in fuzzy environment. Lastly, numerical illustrations on second-order fuzzy differential equations are shown using analytical technique and graphically the results are displayed. © World Scientific Publishing Company.
Analysis of Under-Constrained and Unstable Structures by The Method TPO/MA
(Amer inst Physics, 2018) Toklu, Yusuf Cengiz; Bekdas, Gebrail; Nigdeli, Sinan Melih
Under-constrained and unstable structures are those which are kinematically unstable. They may show large displacements even under very small forces contrarily to well-constrained stable structures. Under-constrained structures manifest themselves with insufficient boundary conditions. On the other hand, structures with missing members may become kinematically unstable under certain loadings. A common property of these structures is that the rank of their stiffness matrix, used in their analysis by classical methods, comes out to be zero, thus making impossible their analysis by these methods. Fortunately, application of the method Total Potential Optimization using Metaheuristic Algorithms (TPO/MA) makes the analysis of these structures very simple, with no extra difficulty as compared to the analysis of well-constrained stable structures. Examples shown in this study are demonstrating this fact.
Analytic network process with neutrosophic sets
(Springer Verlag, 2019) Otay,İ.; Kahraman,C.
Analytic network Process (ANP) can model the inner and outer dependencies and feedbacks between the decision-making elements in a network. It calculates the correct weights of criteria, and local and global priorities of alternatives in the presence of dependencies and feedbacks. Classical ANP is a multicriteria decision making method under certainty. However, it can be used under neutrosophic uncertainty. This chapter develops a neutrosophic fuzzy ANP method and illustrates its usage and validity through the solution of a supplier selection problem in a firm manufacturing automobile spare parts. © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2019.
Analytical Modeling of Counter-Current Drying Process
(int Center Applied thermodynamics, 2024) Pamuk, M. T.
In this analytical study, spray drying of detergent particles of diameters 0.4-1 mm by using counter -current air heated at around 300 C-degrees is investigated using Matlab (c) . Particle drying using hot gases is a mature process with a vast variety of applications ranging from dried food to powdered detergent production. The study shows a strong relationship between the drying process (final water content) and particle size, drying gas temperature, as well as the tower dimensions since cross-sectional area of the tower has a direct control on vertical gas velocity, thus heat and mass transfer coefficients while the height of tower is closely related to residence time of particles in tower which guarantees the targeted drying level. The conclusions of this study can be a guide to have a better set of drying parameters such as inlet temperatures and humidity/water content as well as exit temperatures and humidity/water content and valuable information on how these relate to heat energy consumption necessary to heat the air from atmospheric conditions to the desired drying gas temperature. It is also worth indicating that the measurement of the absolute humidity in tower exhaust is a good parameter to control the drying process in an effective way.
Anatomical and Morphometric Features of the Profunda Brachii Artery
(Medrang, 2024) Sanliturk, Yuesra Nur; Zeybek, Nursen; Gayretli, Ozcan; Ozturk, Adnan
When the literature is examined, studies evaluating the profunda brachii artery (PBA) are limited as most studies only investigate the artery's origin. In 44 upper extremities belonging to 24 human anatomical specimens, single and double PBAs were observed in 39 and five cases, respectively. In cases with a single PBA, the origin was the brachial artery (BA) in 35 cases and the posterior circumflex humeral artery in four cases. In cases with double PBAs, the artery's origin was the BA. Morphometric measurements of single and double arteries originating from the first branch BA were evaluated separately and compared according to sex and side. Our study, in which the PBA was examined morphologically and morphometrically, contributes to the literature anatomically and radiologically in treating humerus fractures and lateral arm-flap applications by surgeons.
Anatomical and Morphometric Features of the Profunda Brachii Artery
(Korean Association of Anatomists, 2024) Şanlıtürk, Y.N.; Zeybek, N.; Gayretli, Ö.; Öztürk, A.
When the literature is examined, studies evaluating the profunda brachii artery (PBA) are limited as most studies only investigate the artery’s origin. In 44 upper extremities belonging to 24 human anatomical specimens, single and double PBAs were observed in 39 and five cases, respectively. In cases with a single PBA, the origin was the brachial artery (BA) in 35 cases and the posterior circumflex humeral artery in four cases. In cases with double PBAs, the artery’s origin was the BA. Morphometric measurements of single and double arteries originating from the first branch BA were evaluated separately and compared according to sex and side. Our study, in which the PBA was examined morphologically and morphometrically, contributes to the literature anatomically and radiologically in treating humerus fractures and lateral arm-flap applications by surgeons. Copyright © 2024. Anatomy & Cell Biology This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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