Beden paradigmasında ve yaşlanmanın tıbbileştirilmesinde yazılı basının rolü
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2018
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Yaşlanma karşıtı ürünler ve uygulamaların (anti-aging) günlük yaşamdaki kullanımı giderek artmaktadır. Bu artışın en önemli nedenlerden biri çeşitli medya araçlarıyla yapılan sağlık haberleridir. Sağlıklı yaşam endüstrisi olarak adlandırılabilecek oldukça karlı bir sektörce geliştirilen uygulama ve pratiklerden yararlanmanın, kişiyi genç ve formda göstereceği ve aynı zamanda 'sağlıklı' olmak için bir gereklilik olduğu vurgusu sıklıkla yapılmaktadır. Bu durum yaşlanmanın tıbbileştirilmesine, geciktirilmesi ve hatta kaçınılması gereken, hastalıklı ve olumsuz bir durum gibi gösterilmesine sebep olmuştur. Bu tez çalışmasının amacı yazılı basının yaşlanma ile ilgili söylemlerinin niteliksel analizini yapmak ve kişileri yaşlanma karşıtı medikal estetik uygulamalarına yönlendiren etkenleri çok boyutlu yaklaşım kullanarak incelemektir. Araştırma betimleyici modelde bir araştırmadır. Türkiye'deki en yüksek tiraja sahip dört gazete ve bir dergide, bir yıl içerisinde yayınlanan 'yaşlanma', 'yaşlılık', 'anti-aging' sözcüğü geçen 248 haber çalışmanın ilk kısmının kapsamını oluşturmuştur. Araştırmanın ikinci bölümünde yaşlanma karşıtı medikal estetik uygulamalarını yaptırmış 22 kişi üzerinde yazılı basının etkisini belirlemek, kişilerin konuyla ilgili deneyimlerini ve görüşlerini ortaya çıkarmak amacıyla yarı yapılandırılmış soru formu kullanılarak bireysel derinlemesine görüşmeler yapılmıştır. Görüşme sonrası elde edilen veriler ile MAXQDA 18© paket programında nitel veri kodlama, içerik analizi (kod sıklıkları, temalar ve kategoriler arası ilişkilerin hesaplanması ve haritalandırılması) yapılmıştır. İncelenen haberlerde en fazla değinilen nokta yaşlanmanın engellenebilir oluşudur. En sık işlenen temaların ise yaşlanmayla ortaya çıkan riskler ve yaşlanma karşıtı ticari yönlendirmeler olduğu saptanmıştır. Yaşlanma karşıtı uygulamalar arasında beslenme ve medikal estetik uygulamaları ön plana çıkmaktadır. Hedef kitlenin büyük çoğunluğunun kadınların oluşturduğu ve bu haberlerde ticari yönlendirmenin anlamlı düzeyde fazla olduğu saptanmıştır. Haber görsellerinde genç bireyler ve kadın görüntülerin çokluğu dikkat çekmektedir. Medikal estetik uygulamalarını deneyimlemiş kişilerle yapılan görüşmelerde yaşlanma kaygısı duydukları, içsel ve dışsal faktörler ile işleme yöneldikleri, bu süreçte toplumdan, medyadan ve sağlık profesyonellerinden etkilendikleri saptanmıştır.
The use of anti-aging products and applications in daily life increase gradually. The healthcare news, made by various media sources, are one of the important reasons for this increase. It is frequently emphasized that the use of applications and practices developed by the quite profitable sector which can be called as industry of healthy life would present the individual young and fit and at the same time, are essential for being 'healthy'. This leads to the medicalization of ageing by imposing that it is an unfavorable, morbid fact which can be delayed and even, should be avoided. The aim of this thesis is to analyze the ageing related statements in the printed media qualitatively and to examine the factors which are leading people to medical aesthetic procedures against ageing, by using multi-dimensional approach. The research is descriptive. The content of the first part of the research is made of 248 articles containing the keywords of 'ageing', 'senility' and 'anti-ageing', which were published within a calendar year in a magazine and four newspapers of the highest circulation in Turkey. For the second part, in order to evaluate the effects of the publications and the reveal the personal experiences and opinions, individual in-depth interviews were made with 22 individuals who have already undergone medical aesthetic procedures against ageing. The data provided during the interviews were analyzed using MAXQDA 18© software for qualitative data coding and content analysis (code frequencies, themes and calculation and mapping of relations between catagories). The most mentioned item in the published articles was the avoidability of ageing. It was found that the most popular themes of this news were the risks related to older age and commercial referrals of anti-ageing procedures. Nutritional applications and medical aesthetic procedures were the first items of the list of anti-ageing procedures. Most of the news targeted a female audience and the commercial referrals were significantly higher in these articles. Accordingly, the visualizations accompanying the news were substantially made of pictures of young individuals and females. The interviews made with the people who experienced medical aesthetic procedures show that they had concerns about ageing, were led to the operation by internal and external factors and they were affected by society, health professionals and media in this process.
The use of anti-aging products and applications in daily life increase gradually. The healthcare news, made by various media sources, are one of the important reasons for this increase. It is frequently emphasized that the use of applications and practices developed by the quite profitable sector which can be called as industry of healthy life would present the individual young and fit and at the same time, are essential for being 'healthy'. This leads to the medicalization of ageing by imposing that it is an unfavorable, morbid fact which can be delayed and even, should be avoided. The aim of this thesis is to analyze the ageing related statements in the printed media qualitatively and to examine the factors which are leading people to medical aesthetic procedures against ageing, by using multi-dimensional approach. The research is descriptive. The content of the first part of the research is made of 248 articles containing the keywords of 'ageing', 'senility' and 'anti-ageing', which were published within a calendar year in a magazine and four newspapers of the highest circulation in Turkey. For the second part, in order to evaluate the effects of the publications and the reveal the personal experiences and opinions, individual in-depth interviews were made with 22 individuals who have already undergone medical aesthetic procedures against ageing. The data provided during the interviews were analyzed using MAXQDA 18© software for qualitative data coding and content analysis (code frequencies, themes and calculation and mapping of relations between catagories). The most mentioned item in the published articles was the avoidability of ageing. It was found that the most popular themes of this news were the risks related to older age and commercial referrals of anti-ageing procedures. Nutritional applications and medical aesthetic procedures were the first items of the list of anti-ageing procedures. Most of the news targeted a female audience and the commercial referrals were significantly higher in these articles. Accordingly, the visualizations accompanying the news were substantially made of pictures of young individuals and females. The interviews made with the people who experienced medical aesthetic procedures show that they had concerns about ageing, were led to the operation by internal and external factors and they were affected by society, health professionals and media in this process.
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Halk Sağlığı, Sağlık Kurumları Yönetimi, Sosyoloji, Beden, Public Health, Beden sosyolojisi, Health Care Management, Medikalizasyon, Sociology, Body, Medya, Body sociology, Medicalization, Sağlık yönetimi, Media, Sağlıklı yaşlanma, Health management, Healthy aging, Yaşlanma, Aging
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178