Kadınlarda cinsel işlev niteliği, cinsel mitler ve bilişsel çarpıtmaların sosyodemografik değişkenlerle ilişkisi
Abstract
Cinsellik; biyolojik, psikososyal, kültürel, antropolojik, ahlaki ve ekonomik etkenlerin etkileşimleriyle meydana gelen, insanoğlu için önemini hiçbir zaman yitirmeyen temel niteliklerindendir. Kişiden kişiye ve hatta aynı kültür içerisinde bile farklılık gösterebilen cinsellik kavramı; gurur, suçluluk gibi farklı duyguların hissedildiği ve ayıp, suç gibi durumları da içeren sürekli merak edilen önemli bir boyuttur. Bu bağlamda bilgi eksikliğinin, yanlış bilgi ve inanışların; gerçekçi olmayan beklentiler, felaketleştirme gibi bilişsel çarpıtmaların etkisi bireylerde cinsel işlev niteliğini etkileyerek cinsel işlev bozukluklarına neden olmaktadır. Bu konuda, özellikle bilişsel çarpıtmaların etkisine dair araştırmaların sayıca yetersiz olması bu çalışmanın oluşmasına katkı sağlamıştır. Bu çalışmayla, kulaktan kulağa yayılan cinsel mitler ile genelleme, zihin okuma gibi bilişsel çarpıtmaların cinsel işlev niteliği üzerindeki etkisini değerlendirmek ve bununla birlikte bilişsel çarpıtmaların, cinsel mitlerin, cinsel işlev niteliğinin sosyodemografik değişkenler açısından incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu araştırma; İstanbul'da yaşayan, farklı sosyodemografik özelliklere sahip, cinsel olarak aktif 20-45 yaş arası heteroseksüel 400 kadın ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışmamızda yer alan katılımcılara Sosyodemografik Veri Formu, Bilişsel Çarpıtma Ölçeği, Cinsel Mit Değerlendirme Formu ve Golombok-Rust Cinsel Doyum Ölçeği uygulanmıştır. Elde edilen bulgular sonucunda; düşük eğitim seviyesine sahip, düzenli cinsel partneri olan, cinsel bilgisi yeterli olmayan ve cinsel hayatını daha düşük tanımlayan kadınlarda cinsel işlev bozukluklarının daha fazla görüldüğü saptandı. Çalışan ve cinsel bilgi yeterliliği olan kadınların cinsel mitlere inançlarının daha düşük olduğu bulundu. Cinsel mitlere olan inancı düşük olan kadınların eğitim seviyelerinin daha yüksek olduğu ve cinsel hayatlarını daha iyi tanımladıkları görüldü. Katılımcıların bilişsel çarpıtma düzeyleri ele alındığında; yaşları küçük olan kadınların, çalışanların ve cinsel hayatlarını kötü olarak tanımlayanların daha fazla bilişsel çarpıtma yaptığı bulundu. Bilişsel çarpıtma ve cinsel mit düzeylerinin cinsel işlev niteliğinin anlamlı birer yordayıcısı olduğu gözlemlenmiştir. Bununla birlikte cinsel mitlerin bilişsel çarpıtmalara göre daha fazla cinsel işlev niteliği üzerinde etkili olduğu bulunmuştur.
Sexuality is one of the essential qualification that does not lose importance for humankind in no case and occurs by interaction of biological, psychosocial, cultural, anthropological, moral and economical factors. The concept of sexuality that can differ from person to person and even within the same culture, is an important dimension in which different feelings such as pride and guilt are felt and which includes situations such as shame and crime. In this context, lack of knowledge, wrong information, fallacies and cognitive distortions such as unrealistic expectations and catastrophizing affect quality of sexual function in individuals and cause sexual dysfunctions. In this respect, the insufficient number of studies about the effects of cognitive distortions contributed to the formation of this study. In this study, it was aimed to evaluate the effects of sexual myths and cognitive distortions such as generalization and mind reading on quality of sexual function and to examine cognitive distortions, sexual myths and quality of sexual function in terms of sociodemographic variables. This research was carried out with 400 heterosexual women living in Istanbul with different sociodemographic characteristics and with sexually active women between 20 and 45 years old. Sociodemographic Data Form, Cognitive Distortion Scale, Sexual Myths Scale and the Golombok- Rust Inventory of Sexual Satisfaction were applied to the participants in our study. As a result of the findings; sexual dysfunctions were more common in women who have regular sexual partner, insufficient sexual knowledge, low educational level and describe their quality of sexual lives bad. It was found that working women and women having sexual knowledge sufficiency had lower beliefs in sexual myths. It was observed that women believing in sexual myths lower had higher education levels and described their sexual lives better. Considering the level of cognitive distortions of the participants; it was found that younger women, working women, and those who described their sexual life as bad had more cognitive distortions. It was determined that levels of cognitive distortions and sexual myths are significant predictors of sexual functioning quality. In addition to this, sexual myths were found to be more effective on quality of sexual function than cognitive distortions.
Sexuality is one of the essential qualification that does not lose importance for humankind in no case and occurs by interaction of biological, psychosocial, cultural, anthropological, moral and economical factors. The concept of sexuality that can differ from person to person and even within the same culture, is an important dimension in which different feelings such as pride and guilt are felt and which includes situations such as shame and crime. In this context, lack of knowledge, wrong information, fallacies and cognitive distortions such as unrealistic expectations and catastrophizing affect quality of sexual function in individuals and cause sexual dysfunctions. In this respect, the insufficient number of studies about the effects of cognitive distortions contributed to the formation of this study. In this study, it was aimed to evaluate the effects of sexual myths and cognitive distortions such as generalization and mind reading on quality of sexual function and to examine cognitive distortions, sexual myths and quality of sexual function in terms of sociodemographic variables. This research was carried out with 400 heterosexual women living in Istanbul with different sociodemographic characteristics and with sexually active women between 20 and 45 years old. Sociodemographic Data Form, Cognitive Distortion Scale, Sexual Myths Scale and the Golombok- Rust Inventory of Sexual Satisfaction were applied to the participants in our study. As a result of the findings; sexual dysfunctions were more common in women who have regular sexual partner, insufficient sexual knowledge, low educational level and describe their quality of sexual lives bad. It was found that working women and women having sexual knowledge sufficiency had lower beliefs in sexual myths. It was observed that women believing in sexual myths lower had higher education levels and described their sexual lives better. Considering the level of cognitive distortions of the participants; it was found that younger women, working women, and those who described their sexual life as bad had more cognitive distortions. It was determined that levels of cognitive distortions and sexual myths are significant predictors of sexual functioning quality. In addition to this, sexual myths were found to be more effective on quality of sexual function than cognitive distortions.
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Keywords
Psikoloji, Bilişsel çarpıtma, Cinsel doyum, Cinsel işlev bozuklukları-psikolojik, Psychology, Cinsel işlevler, Cognitive distortion, Orgasm, Cinsel mit, Sexual dysfunctions-psychological, Sexual functions, Cinsellik, Sexual myth, Kadınlar, Sexuality, Women, Sosyodemografik değişkenler, Sociodemographic variables
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95