Sustainable nanomaterials for precision medicine in cancer therapy

Abstract

Sustainable nanomaterials have attracted much attention in the last decades in different applications mainly to minimize harm to environment by using renewable resources. One of those areas is precision medicine for cancer therapy, offering tailored solutions for targeted drug delivery, cancer immunotherapy, imaging/biosensing, and therapy monitoring. Recent trends in bio- and nanomedicine have focused on developing biocompatible and biodegradable multifunctional nanocarriers that enhance drug delivery efficiency while minimize systemic toxicity. Fabricating sustainable nanomaterials with smart functionalities, such as stimuli-responsive behavior and targeted drug release mechanisms, holds great potential for improving the efficacy of therapy with more desirable outcomes. However, challenges persist in ensuring the biosafety, targeting efficiency, and specificity of these nanomaterials; also, clinical translation studies, optimizing scalability, and cost-effectiveness in production processes need to be addressed. The primary purpose of this review is to examine the recent advancements in sustainable nanomaterials for precision medicine in targeted cancer therapy via summarizing the progress made in this field. In addition, we mentioned about the crucial challenges related to these innovative solutions, such as ensuring the safety and sustainability of nanomaterials. Moreover, by exploring the future perspectives of this technology, we hope to provide insights into the direction of developments in sustainable nanomaterials for precision medicine, particularly in the context of targeted cancer therapy.