Advancements in MXenes and mechanochemistry: exploring new horizons and future applications

Abstract

MXenes, a class of two-dimensional (2D) materials derived from transition metal carbides, nitrides, and carbonitrides, have garnered significant attention due to their unique properties and potential applications in various fields, including energy storage, catalysis, and electronics. Mechanochemistry, the study of chemical reactions driven by mechanical forces, offers a novel approach to synthesize and manipulate MXenes, enhancing their properties and expanding their functional applications. This review explores the intersection of MXenes and mechanochemistry, highlighting recent advancements in the mechanochemical synthesis of MXenes and their derivatives. We discuss the mechanisms underlying the mechanochemical processes, including the role of shear forces, ball milling, and other mechanical techniques in facilitating the exfoliation and functionalization of MXenes. Furthermore, we examine the impact of mechanochemical methods on the structural integrity, surface chemistry, and electronic properties of MXenes, which are crucial for their performance in applications such as supercapacitors, batteries, and sensors. This review also addresses the challenges and limitations associated with mechanochemical approaches, including scalability and reproducibility, while proposing future directions for research in this promising field. By integrating mechanochemistry with MXene research, we aim to provide insights into innovative strategies for the development of advanced materials that can meet the demands of next-generation technologies. This synthesis of knowledge not only underscores the versatility of MXenes but also emphasizes the transformative potential of mechanochemistry in materials science. © 2024 RSC.