Deneysel olarak oluşturulmuş obez sıçan modellerinde vagus sinir stimülasyonu ve inhibisyonunun mide morfolojisine etkilerinin incelenmesi
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2022
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Amaç: Vücut sağlığını bozabilecek düzeyde aşırı yağ birikimi olarak tanımlanan obezite dünyada oldukça yaygın bir sorun haline gelmiştir. Aşırı yağ birikimi ile vücut bütünlüğünü bozarak beraberinde bir çok metabolik rahatsızlıklara da sebep olmaktadır. Bu hastalıkların kaynağı olan yüksek yağlı besin alımı vagus sinir sistemi ile ilişkilidir. Vagus siniri açlık ve tokluk mekanizmasını etkilemektedir. Bu çalışmada obez sıçanlarda vagus siniri inhibe ve stimüle edilerek mide üzerindeki etkilerin araştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Materyal ve Metot: Bu çalışmada 32 adet dişi sıçan kontrol, sham, stimülasyon ve inhibisyon olmak üzere dört ayrı gruba ayrılmıştır. Denekler %40 yağ içeren diyetle beslenmiş ve obez olmaları sağlanmıştır. Obez edilen sıçanlara boyun bölgelerinin 2 cm altında orta hat insizyonu ile oluşturulan 1 cm kesi ile sham, inhibisyon, stimülasyon operasyonları uygulanmıştır. 4 hafta iyileşme sürecinden sonra denekler perfüze edilerek midenin histolojik tabakalarına ait hacim analizleri stereolojik yöntemler ile araştırılmıştır. Bu çalışma Alkan ve ark. 2020 yılında yaptığı çalışmanın devamı niteliğinde tasarlanmıştır. Bulgular: Grupların tümünde elde edilen tunika mukoza değerleri üzerinde yapılan istatistiksel analizde KONT ve SHAM gruplar arasında anlamlı fark görülürken (p<0,05; One way, ANOVA), diğer gruplar arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı fark izlenmemiştir ( p>0,05; One way, ANOVA). Submukoza değerleri üzerinde yapılan istatistiksel analizde STİ ve SHAM gruplar arasında anlamlı fark görülürken (p<0,05; One way, ANOVA), diğer gruplar arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı fark izlenmemiştir ( p>0,05; One way, ANOVA). Tunika muskularis değerleri üzerinde yapılan istatistiksel analizde KONT ve SHAM, SHAM ve INH grupları arasında anlamlı fark görülürken (p<0,05; One way, ANOVA), diğer gruplar arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı fark izlenmemiştir ( p>0,05; One way, ANOVA). Tartışma: Elde edilen bulgulara göre sonuçlar arasında istatiksel olarak fark izlenmese de, Tunika muskularis tabakası hacminin INH ve STİ grubunda azaldığı görülmüştür. Aynı şekilde tunika mukoza tabakası hacminin özellikle INH grubunda azaldığı görülmüştür. Tunika mukoza tabakasında izlenen değişikler açlık hissinin oluşturulmasında vagal uyarının önemini gösteren niteliktedir. Vagal uyarı stimülasyon grubunda artmaktadır ve böylelikle mide duvarı hacmi azalırken; mukoza KONT grubuna yakın bir hacime sahiptir. Böylelikle sindirim için gerekli kimyasalların salınması sağlanmaktadır. Vagal uyarının azaltıldığı İNH grubunda ise tunika mukoza tabakası hacminin azaldığı görülmüştür. Bu durum gastrik salgınında azaldığı yönünde değerlendirilebilir.
Aim: Obesity, which is defined as excessive fat accumulation at a level that can disrupt body health, has become a very common problem in the world. With excessive fat accumulation, it disrupts the integrity of the body and causes many metabolic disorders. High intake of fatty foods, which are the source of these diseases, is associated with the vagus nervous system. The vagus nerve affects the mechanism of hunger and satiety. In this study, it was aimed to investigate the effects on the stomach by inhibiting and stimulating the vagus nerve in obese rats. Materials and Methods: In this study, 32 female rats were divided into four separate groups as control, sham, stimulation and inhibition. The subjects were fed a diet containing 40% fat and ensured that they were obese. Sham, inhibition and stimulation operations were performed with a 1 cm incision formed by a midline incision 2 cm below the neck regions of the obese rats. After 4 weeks of healing, the subjects were perfused and the volume analysis of the histological layers of the stomach was investigated by stereological methods. This study was conducted by Alkan et al. It is designed as a continuation of his work in 2020. Results: In the statistical analysis of the tunica mucosa values obtained in all the groups, a significant difference was seen between the KONT and SHAM groups (p<0.05; One way, ANOVA), no statistically significant difference was observed between the other groups ( p>0,05; One way, ANOVA). In the statistical analysis of submucosa values, while there was a significant difference between STI and SHAM groups (p<0.05; One way, ANOVA), there was no statistically significant difference between the other groups (p>0.05; One way, ANOVA). Statistical analysis of tunica muscularis values showed a significant difference between the KONT and SHAM, SHAM and INH groups (p<0.05; One way, ANOVA), while no statistically significant difference was observed between the other groups (p>0.05; One way, ANOVA). Discussion: According to the findings obtained, although there was no statistical difference between the results, it was seen that the volume of the tunica muscularis layer decreased in the INH and STD group. The volume of the tunica mucous layer was observed to decrease, especially in the INH group. Changes observed in the tunica mucous layer show the importance of vagal stimulation in creating the feeling of hunger. Vagal stimulation increases in the stimulation group, and thus the volume of the stomach wall decreases; The mucous membrane has a volume close to the KONT group. The release of chemicals necessary for digestion is ensured. In the İNH group, where vagal stimulation was reduced, it was seen that the volume of the tunica mucous layer decreased. This situation can be evaluated as decreasing in gastric epidemic.
Aim: Obesity, which is defined as excessive fat accumulation at a level that can disrupt body health, has become a very common problem in the world. With excessive fat accumulation, it disrupts the integrity of the body and causes many metabolic disorders. High intake of fatty foods, which are the source of these diseases, is associated with the vagus nervous system. The vagus nerve affects the mechanism of hunger and satiety. In this study, it was aimed to investigate the effects on the stomach by inhibiting and stimulating the vagus nerve in obese rats. Materials and Methods: In this study, 32 female rats were divided into four separate groups as control, sham, stimulation and inhibition. The subjects were fed a diet containing 40% fat and ensured that they were obese. Sham, inhibition and stimulation operations were performed with a 1 cm incision formed by a midline incision 2 cm below the neck regions of the obese rats. After 4 weeks of healing, the subjects were perfused and the volume analysis of the histological layers of the stomach was investigated by stereological methods. This study was conducted by Alkan et al. It is designed as a continuation of his work in 2020. Results: In the statistical analysis of the tunica mucosa values obtained in all the groups, a significant difference was seen between the KONT and SHAM groups (p<0.05; One way, ANOVA), no statistically significant difference was observed between the other groups ( p>0,05; One way, ANOVA). In the statistical analysis of submucosa values, while there was a significant difference between STI and SHAM groups (p<0.05; One way, ANOVA), there was no statistically significant difference between the other groups (p>0.05; One way, ANOVA). Statistical analysis of tunica muscularis values showed a significant difference between the KONT and SHAM, SHAM and INH groups (p<0.05; One way, ANOVA), while no statistically significant difference was observed between the other groups (p>0.05; One way, ANOVA). Discussion: According to the findings obtained, although there was no statistical difference between the results, it was seen that the volume of the tunica muscularis layer decreased in the INH and STD group. The volume of the tunica mucous layer was observed to decrease, especially in the INH group. Changes observed in the tunica mucous layer show the importance of vagal stimulation in creating the feeling of hunger. Vagal stimulation increases in the stimulation group, and thus the volume of the stomach wall decreases; The mucous membrane has a volume close to the KONT group. The release of chemicals necessary for digestion is ensured. In the İNH group, where vagal stimulation was reduced, it was seen that the volume of the tunica mucous layer decreased. This situation can be evaluated as decreasing in gastric epidemic.
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Beslenme ve Diyetetik, Hayvan deneyleri, Mide, Nutrition and Dietetics, Animal experimentation, Obezite, Stomach, Sıçanlar, Obesity, Rats, Vagus siniri, Vagus nerve
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42