Roma hukukunda akitler sistemi
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2022
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Roma Hukukunda yalnızca ius civile tarafından tanınan sözleşmelere contractus olarak nitelendirildiğinden, contractus kavramı, modern hukuklardaki sözleşme kavramından daha dar bir kapsama sahiptir. Sınırlı sayıda ve tipe bağlılık ilkesinin geçerli olduğu sözleşmeler alanında contractuslar belirli sözleşme tiplerine ayrılarak düzenlenmiştir. Bu nedenle Roma Hukukunda sözleşmeler sisteminin var olduğu ifade edilmektedir. Ancak Roma'nın şekilci ve sınırlı sayıdaki sözleşmeleri, zaman içerisinde ticari hayatın ihtiyaçlarını karşılayamamıştır. Ticari ve sosyal hayatın ihtiyaçlarını karşılamak amacıyla praetor'lar ve imparatorlar çeşitli hukuki faaliyetlerle sözleşmeler sisteminin genişlemesini sağlamışlardır. İsimsiz sözleşmeler ile aynî sözleşmeler ve pactumlar ile rızaî sözleşmeler genişletilmiştir. Roma Hukukunda yüzyıllar içerisinde gerçekleşen bu yenilikler sözleşmeler alanında önemli bir bilgi yığını oluşturarak modern sözleşmeler hukukunun temelini oluşturmuştur. Bu çalışma ile Roma Hukukundaki contractus kavramı etrafında şekillenen sözleşmeler sisteminin, sözleşmeler sisteminin genişlemesini sağlayan isimsiz sözleşmeler ve pactum'ların Roma Hukukunun modern sözleşmeler hukukuna sunduğu katkıların incelenmesi amaçlanmaktadır.
Term of contracts in Roman Law were used in different meaning than modern law. The type of contract recognized by ius civile was called contractus. Contracts were based on the principles of numerus clausus and adherence to form. Contractus are arranged by split into certain contract types. Therefore, it is stated that there is a system of contracts in Roman Law. Over time, existing contracts could not fulfil the needs of commercial life. Praetors and emperors provided the expansion of the contract system with various legal activities. In order to meet the needs of commercial and social life, praetors and emperors provided the expansion of the contract system with various legal activities. Contractus innomati have expendad in real contracts. Pactum have expanded in consensual contracts. These innovations that took place in Roman Law over the centuries have formed the basis of modern contract law by creating an important information stack in the field of contracts. This study aims to examine the system of contracts shaped around the concept of contractus in Roman Law, the anonymous contracts and pactums that expand the system of contracts, and the contributions of Roman Law to modern contract law.
Term of contracts in Roman Law were used in different meaning than modern law. The type of contract recognized by ius civile was called contractus. Contracts were based on the principles of numerus clausus and adherence to form. Contractus are arranged by split into certain contract types. Therefore, it is stated that there is a system of contracts in Roman Law. Over time, existing contracts could not fulfil the needs of commercial life. Praetors and emperors provided the expansion of the contract system with various legal activities. In order to meet the needs of commercial and social life, praetors and emperors provided the expansion of the contract system with various legal activities. Contractus innomati have expendad in real contracts. Pactum have expanded in consensual contracts. These innovations that took place in Roman Law over the centuries have formed the basis of modern contract law by creating an important information stack in the field of contracts. This study aims to examine the system of contracts shaped around the concept of contractus in Roman Law, the anonymous contracts and pactums that expand the system of contracts, and the contributions of Roman Law to modern contract law.
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Hukuk, Roma hukuku, Law, Roman law, Sözleşmeler, Contracts
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144