An in vitro evaluation of the effects of fluoride, CPP-ACP, or resin infiltration on discoloration caused by pediatric supplements

Abstract

Objectives: White spot lesions are more susceptible to staining agents due to their porous structure. This study examines the impact of white spot lesion treatments on discoloration caused by pediatric supplements.<br /> Method and materials: Three treatments (fluoride, casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate [CPP-ACP], resin infiltration), a control, and their respective syrup-based subgroups (iron and black elderberry syrups) were established, each with eight teeth. Artificial white spot lesions were induced, and weekly applications of fluoride varnish, daily applications of CPP-ACP paste, or a single resin infiltration procedure were performed on the white spot lesions within the treatment groups over 4 weeks. Simultaneously, samples were exposed daily to iron or black elderberry syrups. Spectrophotometer measurements were taken at baseline, after demineralization (T0), and after 1 (T1), 2 (T2), and 4 weeks (T4). Delta E-00 values were calculated. Statistical analysis was conducted using a three-way mixed-design ANOVA, with the significance level set at P = .05.<br /> Results: At T4, Delta E-00 values from all groups exceeded the clinical acceptability limit of 1.8. At T2 and T4, the Delta E-00 values obtained from the black elderberry syrup subgroups were significantly higher (P < .001). At T4, the highest Delta E-00 values were seen in the CPP-ACP groups (P < .001). The lowest Delta E-00 values at T2 and T4 were observed in the resin infiltration groups (P < .05).<br /> Conclusions: Supplements containing ferrous sulfate and black elderberry extract caused color changes in white spot lesions that exceeded the clinical acceptability limit. Resin infiltration of white spot lesions provides advantages over remineralization treatments, particularly in minimizing discoloration induced by pediatric supplements.