Scopus İndeksli Yayınlar Koleksiyonu / Scopus Indexed Publications Collection

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14517/19

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Now showing 1 - 20 of 155

Citation - WoS: 4
Citation - Scopus: 5
3D and 4D printing of MXene-based composites: from fundamentals to emerging applications
(Royal Soc Chemistry, 2024) Bigham, Ashkan; Zarepour, Atefeh; Khosravi, Arezoo; Iravani, Siavash; Zarrabi, Ali; Genetik ve Biyomühendislik / Genetic and Bio-Engineering
The advent of three-dimensional (3D) and four-dimensional (4D) printing technologies has significantly improved the fabrication of advanced materials, with MXene-based composites emerging as a particularly promising class due to their exceptional electrical, mechanical, and chemical properties. This review explores the fundamentals of MXenes and their composites, examining their unique characteristics and the underlying principles of their synthesis and processing. We highlight the transformative potential of 3D and 4D printing techniques in tailoring MXene-based materials for a wide array of applications. In the field of tissue regeneration, MXene composites offer enhanced biocompatibility and mechanical strength, making them ideal for scaffolds and implants. For drug delivery, the high surface area and tunable surface chemistry of MXenes enable precise control over drug release profiles. In energy storage, MXene-based electrodes exhibit superior conductivity and capacity, paving the way for next-generation batteries and supercapacitors. Additionally, the sensitivity and selectivity of MXene composites make them excellent candidates for various (bio)sensing applications, from environmental monitoring to biomedical diagnostics. By integrating the dynamic capabilities of 4D printing, which introduces time-dependent shape transformations, MXene-based composites can further adapt to complex and evolving functional requirements. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the current state of research, identifies key challenges, and discusses future directions for the development and application of 3D and 4D printed MXene-based composites. Through this exploration, we aim to underscore the significant impact of these advanced materials and technologies on diverse scientific and industrial fields. This review highlights the developments in the 3D/4D printing of MXene-based composites, focusing on their application in tissue regeneration, drug delivery, sensing, and energy storage.
Citation - Scopus: 0
The 9th IEEE International Workshop on Engineering Semantic Agents - Semantics, Agents and Intelligence (ESAS 2014)
(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2014) Elçi,A.; Celik,D.; Orgun,M.A.; Rahnama,B.; Unland,R.
[No abstract available]
Citation - WoS: 0
Citation - Scopus: 0
Abstract elliptic operators appearing in atmospheric dispersion (vol 2014, pg 43, 2014)
(Springer international Publishing Ag, 2014) Shakhmurov, Veli B.; Sahmurova, Aida
[No Abstract Available]
Citation - WoS: 11
Citation - Scopus: 12
Abstract parabolic problems with parameter and application
(Elsevier Science inc, 2013) Shakhmurov, Veli B.; Sahmurova, Aida
In this work, the uniform well-posedenes of singular perturbation problems for parameter dependent parabolic differential-opera tor equations is established. These problems occur in phytoremediation modelling. (C) 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Citation - WoS: 0
Citation - Scopus: 0
Acute spinal epidural hematoma: A case report and review of the literature
(Turkish Assoc Trauma Emergency Surgery, 2020) Akar, Ezgi; Ogrenci, Ahmet; Koban, Orkun; Yilmaz, Mesut; Dalbayrak, Sedat
Spinal epidural hematoma (SEH) is a rare but a significant cause of spinal cord compression and neurologic deficits. Its etiology is usually unknown and requires emergency intervention. The present study aims to review the clinical significance, treatment strategies and clinical outcomes of traumatic SEH with a rare case presentation. Our patient was a 42-year-old female who presented with back pain and loss of sensation and strength in the legs. The patient did not have any disease and did not use anticoagulant drugs. The patient developed numbness in her legs half an hour after having a traditional back walking massage due to occasional back pain. She was paraplegic and anesthetic when seen in our clinic. Thoracic computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed posterior epidural hemorrhage at Th3-Th4 levels. In the 12th hour, the hematoma was evacuated by an emergency decompressive hemilaminectomy. At the postoperative 24th hour, the patient had symptomatic improvement, and in the sixth month, the patient was mobilized with support. SEH is a rare condition that should be considered in patients with sudden onset of back pain and extremity weakness. Although the gold standard diagnostic tool is MRI, CT is often sufficient to avoid delayed surgery. Immediate surgical decompression (laminectomy/hemilaminectomy) should be performed in cases diagnosed with SEH with neurological deficits.
Citation - WoS: 0
Citation - Scopus: 0
Addendum to Spinal Schwannomatosis: Case Report of a Rare Condition
(Turkish Neurosurgical Soc, 2017) Hakan, Tayfun; Celikoglu, Erhan; Aker, Fugen; Barisik, Nagehan
[No Abstract Available]
Citation - WoS: 2
Citation - Scopus: 2
Advancements in MXenes and mechanochemistry: exploring new horizons and future applications
(Royal Society of Chemistry, 2024) Iravani, S.; Zarepour, A.; Nazarzadeh Zare, E.; Makvandi, P.; Khosravi, A.; Varma, R.S.; Zarrabi, A.; Genetik ve Biyomühendislik / Genetic and Bio-Engineering
MXenes, a class of two-dimensional (2D) materials derived from transition metal carbides, nitrides, and carbonitrides, have garnered significant attention due to their unique properties and potential applications in various fields, including energy storage, catalysis, and electronics. Mechanochemistry, the study of chemical reactions driven by mechanical forces, offers a novel approach to synthesize and manipulate MXenes, enhancing their properties and expanding their functional applications. This review explores the intersection of MXenes and mechanochemistry, highlighting recent advancements in the mechanochemical synthesis of MXenes and their derivatives. We discuss the mechanisms underlying the mechanochemical processes, including the role of shear forces, ball milling, and other mechanical techniques in facilitating the exfoliation and functionalization of MXenes. Furthermore, we examine the impact of mechanochemical methods on the structural integrity, surface chemistry, and electronic properties of MXenes, which are crucial for their performance in applications such as supercapacitors, batteries, and sensors. This review also addresses the challenges and limitations associated with mechanochemical approaches, including scalability and reproducibility, while proposing future directions for research in this promising field. By integrating mechanochemistry with MXene research, we aim to provide insights into innovative strategies for the development of advanced materials that can meet the demands of next-generation technologies. This synthesis of knowledge not only underscores the versatility of MXenes but also emphasizes the transformative potential of mechanochemistry in materials science. © 2024 RSC.
Citation - WoS: 1
Citation - Scopus: 1
Advancing paper-based sensors with MXenes and MOFs: exploring cutting-edge innovations
(Royal Soc Chemistry, 2024) Larijani, Sepehr; Zarepour, Atefeh; Khosravi, Arezoo; Iravani, Siavash; Eskandari, Mahnaz; Zarrabi, Ali; Genetik ve Biyomühendislik / Genetic and Bio-Engineering
MXenes and metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are emerging as promising materials for integration into paper-based sensors (PSs), offering unique properties that can enhance sensor performance in various applications. MXenes, with their high conductivity and large surface area, and MOFs, known for their tunable porosity and chemical functionalities, provide distinct advantages to PSs. By leveraging the exceptional properties of MXenes and MOFs, researchers can develop PSs with improved sensitivity, selectivity, and stability, paving the way for advanced sensing platforms with diverse capabilities in environmental monitoring, healthcare diagnostics, and beyond. However, challenges still exist for incorporating MXenes and MOFs into PSs, including sensitivity, stability, interference, and scalability. Addressing these challenges is crucial for optimizing sensor performance and reliability. Herein, recent developments pertaining to the applications of MXenes and MOFs in PSs are discussed, focusing on challenges and future perspectives. By examining the unique properties of these materials, exploring innovative sensor designs, and discussing potential solutions to current challenges, this review seeks to pave the way for the development of next-generation PSs with enhanced sensitivity, selectivity, and reliability.
Citation - WoS: 0
Citation - Scopus: 0
Anionic Polysaccharides as Delivery Carriers for Cancer Therapy and Theranostics: an Overview of Significance
(Elsevier, 2025) Sivakumar, Ponnurengam Malliappan; Zarepour, Atefeh; Akhter, Sohail; Perumal, Govindaraj; Khosravi, Arezoo; Balasekar, Premkumar; Zarrabi, Ali
Recently, cancer therapy has witnessed remarkable advancements with a growing focus on precision medicine and targeted drug delivery strategies. The application of anionic polysaccharides has gained traction in various drug delivery systems. Anionic polysaccharides have emerged as promising delivery carriers in cancer therapy and theranostics, offering numerous advantages such as biocompatibility, low toxicity, and the ability to encapsulate and deliver therapeutic agents to tumor sites with high specificity. This review underscores the significance of anionic polysaccharides as essential components of the evolving landscape of cancer therapy and theranostics. These polymers can be tailored to carry a wide range of therapeutic cargo, including chemotherapeutic agents, nucleic acids, and imaging agents. Their negative charge enables electrostatic interactions with positively charged drugs and facilitates the formation of stable nanoparticles, liposomes, or hydrogels for controlled drug release. Additionally, their hydrophilic nature aids in prolonging circulation time, reducing drug degradation, and minimizing off-target effects. Besides, some of them could act as targeting agents or therapeutic compounds that lead to improved therapeutic performance. This review offers valuable information for researchers, clinicians, and biomedical engineers. It provides insights into the recent progress in the applications of anionic polysaccharide-based delivery platforms in cancer theranostics to transform patient outcomes.
Citation - WoS: 2
Citation - Scopus: 4
Application of 3D, 4D, 5D, and 6D bioprinting in cancer research: what does the future look like?
(Royal Soc Chemistry, 2024) Khorsandi, Danial; Rezayat, Dorsa; Sezen, Serap; Ferrao, Rafaela; Khosravi, Arezoo; Zarepour, Atefeh; Zarrabi, Ali; Genetik ve Biyomühendislik / Genetic and Bio-Engineering
The application of three- and four-dimensional (3D/4D) printing in cancer research represents a significant advancement in understanding and addressing the complexities of cancer biology. 3D/4D materials provide more physiologically relevant environments compared to traditional two-dimensional models, allowing for a more accurate representation of the tumor microenvironment that enables researchers to study tumor progression, drug responses, and interactions with surrounding tissues under conditions similar to in vivo conditions. The dynamic nature of 4D materials introduces the element of time, allowing for the observation of temporal changes in cancer behavior and response to therapeutic interventions. The use of 3D/4D printing in cancer research holds great promise for advancing our understanding of the disease and improving the translation of preclinical findings to clinical applications. Accordingly, this review aims to briefly discuss 3D and 4D printing and their advantages and limitations in the field of cancer. Moreover, new techniques such as 5D/6D printing and artificial intelligence (AI) are also introduced as methods that could be used to overcome the limitations of 3D/4D printing and opened promising ways for the fast and precise diagnosis and treatment of cancer. Recent advancements pertaining to the application of 3D, 4D, 5D, and 6D bioprinting in cancer research are discussed, focusing on important challenges and future perspectives.
Citation - WoS: 30
Citation - Scopus: 43
Application of MADM methods in Industry 4.0: A literature review
(Pergamon-elsevier Science Ltd, 2023) Zayat, Wael; Kilic, Huseyin Selcuk; Yalcin, Ahmet Selcuk; Zaim, Selim; Delen, Dursun
Industry 4.0 has received inordinate attention from the business as well as research communities. Along with the development of Industry 4.0 applications and the diversity of potential alternatives, Multi-Attribute Decision Making (MADM) techniques have been employed by researchers as systematic approaches to support the decision-making processes. However, as the adoption of Industry 4.0 technologies requires considerable capital, and as it is relatively difficult to identify the suitable MADM method for the decision-making process in certain conditions, it becomes necessary to determine which components of Industry 4.0 are most commonly in demand of MADM applications of decision making, and which MADM techniques are mostly preferred by researchers and businesses for varied directions of Industry 4.0. Therefore, this study aims to provide a comprehensive review of MADM methods and their applications for different components of Industry 4.0. A methodology, including a review framework, is provided for the related analyses. The proposed framework includes analyses concerning methods, subtopics, and bibliometry along with the related exploratory tables and figures. Finally, the trends and research gaps are clearly stated to shed light on the further research areas taking into consideration different challenges that can be encountered by researchers, along with a set of propositions to potentially overcome them.
Citation - WoS: 1
Citation - Scopus: 1
Applications of various stereological tools for estimation of biological tissues
(Wiley, 2023) Warille, Aymen A.; Kocaman, Adem; Elamin, Abdalla A.; Mohamed, Hamza; El Elhaj, Abubaker; Altunkaynak, Berrin Zuhal; Histoloji ve Embriyoloji / Histology and Embriology
To provide concise and brief important stereological application methods and techniques for estimating biological tissues. Stereology studies the quantity of biological tissue using little practice and the low price of counting and preparing tissue slices to obtain direct and accurate results. Since their establishment, the stereological techniques underwent much improvement, thus allowing more precise analysis of target structures using various approaches. Using stereological tools, advances in stereological techniques made the target tissues or organs represented by 2D instead of 3D dimensions. Process tools estimate volume, area and length. According to the exciting tissue and aims, the stereological tools perform differently. This review summarizes various stereological tools and techniques, providing brief information about the orientation method, slicer probe method, Delesse's principle, Cavalieri principle, disector, fractionator, nucleator, virtual cycloids and saucer, which are described in detail.
Citation - Scopus: 2
Aspects of Academic Publishing
(IEEE Computer Society, 2015) Stone,W.R.; Sevgi,L.
This article reviews aspects of academic and scientific publishing, primarily in the context of IEEE publications and policies. The intent is to provide a brief tutorial for those new to academic publishing. The material on publication ethics and the IEEE's associated policies should be useful to all, including those experienced with academic publishing. The types of IEEE publications and what they publish are reviewed. The importance of a publication's scope is explained, and publication and author metrics are examined. The steps in the publication process are described in detail, along with the roles of the Editor-in-Chief (EiC), associate editors, reviewers, and authors. Ethical issues and the principles of scholarly publishing are examined, including authorship and the responsibilities of authors, duplicate submission and publication, and plagiarism. © 2015 IEEE.
Citation - Scopus: 0
Assessment of association of serum lactate level with retinopathy of prematurity
(Gazi Eye Foundation, 2021) OZATES,S.; KABATAS,E.U.; DILLI,D.; ZENCIROGLU,A.
Purpose: To assess the relation between serum lactate level and development and progression of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). Material and Methods: This retrospective study included premature newborns that received intensive medical care. Serum lactate levels that were obtained with three-day intervals during the fi rst month after birth was noted. Patients with ROP were included in ROP group and patients without ROP were included in control group. Results: 71 patients were included in ROP group and 35 patients included in control group. Mean gestational age 27.8 ± 1.8 weeks in ROP group and 28.7 ± 3.2 weeks in control group (p=0.061). Mean birth weight was 1150.4 ± 251.7 and 1262.3 ± 323.9 grams in ROP and control groups respectively (p<0.078). Mean serum lactate level at the fi rst day after birth was 36.6 ± 22.3 mg/dl in ROP group and 24.9 ± 12.8 mg/dl in control group (p<0.001). Mean serum lactate level at the fi rst month after birth was 26.6 ± 7.9 mg/dl in ROP group and 18.1 ± 6.5 mg/dl in control group (p<0.001). No signifi cant relation was observed between lactate level at the fi rst day and month and ROP stage and plus disease (p>0.05). Mean serum lactate level equal or over 21.2 mg/dl at the fi rst month predicted the development of ROP with a 76% sensitivity and 74% specifi city (Area under the curve: 0.837, p<0.001). Conclusion: Higher serum lactate levels were found associated with ROP and serum lactate level could be used to predict the development of ROP. © 2021 Gazi Eye Foundation. All rights reserved.
Citation - WoS: 0
Citation - Scopus: 1
Bacterial nanocelluloses as sustainable biomaterials for advanced wound healing and dressings
(Royal Soc Chemistry, 2024) Zarepour, Atefeh; Gok, Bahar; Budama-Kilinc, Yasemin; Khosravi, Arezoo; Iravani, Siavash; Zarrabi, Ali; Genetik ve Biyomühendislik / Genetic and Bio-Engineering
Wound healing remains a significant clinical challenge, calling for innovative approaches to expedite the recovery process and improve patient outcomes. Bacterial nanocelluloses (BNCs) have emerged as a promising solution in the field of wound healing and dressings due to their unique properties such as high crystallinity, mechanical strength, high purity, porosity, high water absorption capacity, biodegradability, biocompatibility, sustainability, and flexibility. BNC-based materials can be applied for the treatment of different types of wounds, from second-degree burns to skin tears, biopsy sites, and diabetic and ischemic wounds. BNC-based dressings have exceptional mechanical properties such as flexibility and strength, which ensure proper wound coverage and protection. The renewable nature, eco-friendly production process, longer lifespan, and potential for biodegradability of BNCs make them a more sustainable alternative to conventional wound care materials. This review aims to provide a detailed overview on the application of BNC-based composites for wound healing and dressings via highlighting their ability as a carrier for delivery of different types of antimicrobial compounds as well as their direct effect on the healing process. Besides, it mentions some of the in vivo and clinical studies using BNC-based dressings and describes challenges related to the application of these materials as well as their future directions.
Citation - WoS: 13
Citation - Scopus: 10
Best Practice Recommendations for Stroke Patients with Dysphagia: A Delphi-Based Consensus Study of Experts in Turkey-Part I: Management, Diagnosis, and Follow-up
(Springer, 2022) Umay, Ebru; Eyigor, Sibel; Ertekin, Cumhur; Unlu, Zeliha; Selcuk, Barin; Bahat, Gulistan; Mercimekci, Serdar
Dysphagia is one of the most common and important complications of stroke. It is an independent marker of poor outcome after acute stroke and may become chronic after the acute period and continues to affect all aspects of the patient's life. Patients with stroke may encounter any of the medical branches in the emergency room or outpatient clinic, and as in our country, there may not be specialists specific for dysphagia, such as speech-language pathologists (SLP), in every hospital. This study aimed to raise awareness and create a common opinion of medical specialists for stroke patients with dysphagia. This recommendation paper has been written by a multidisciplinary team and offers 45 recommendations for stroke patients with dysphagia. It was created using the eight-step Delphi round via e-mail. This study is mostly specific to Turkey. However, since it contains detailed recommendations from the perspective of various disciplines associated with stroke, this consensus-based recommendation paper is not only a useful guide to address clinical questions in practice for the clinical management of dysphagia in terms of management, diagnosis, and follow-up, but also includes detailed comments for these topics.
Citation - WoS: 18
Citation - Scopus: 18
Best Practice Recommendations for Stroke Patients with Dysphagia: A Delphi-Based Consensus Study of Experts in Turkey-Part II: Rehabilitation
(Springer, 2021) Umay, Ebru; Eyigor, Sibel; Ertekin, Cumhur; Unlu, Zeliha; Selcuk, Barin; Bahat, Gulistan; Karaahmet, Ozgur
Dysphagia is one of the most common and important complications of stroke. It is an independent marker of poor outcome following acute stroke and it continues to be effective for many years. This consensus-based guideline is not only a good address to clinical questions in practice for the clinical management of dysphagia including management, diagnosis, follow-up, and rehabilitation methods, but also includes detailed algorithms for these topics. The recommendation paper has been written by a multidisciplinary team and offers 117 recommendations for stroke patients with dysphagia. While focusing on management principles, diagnosis, and follow-up in the 1st part (45 items), rehabilitation details were evaluated in the 2nd part (72 items).
Citation - WoS: 4
Citation - Scopus: 4
Biohybrid Micro/Nanorobots: Pioneering the Next Generation of Medical Technology
(Wiley, 2024) Zarepour, Atefeh; Khosravi, Arezoo; Iravani, Siavash; Zarrabi, Ali; Genetik ve Biyomühendislik / Genetic and Bio-Engineering
Biohybrid micro/nanorobots hold a great potential for advancing biomedical research. These tiny structures, designed to mimic biological organisms, offer a promising method for targeted drug delivery, tissue engineering, biosensing/imaging, and cancer therapy, among other applications. The integration of biology and robotics opens new possibilities for minimally invasive surgeries and personalized healthcare solutions. The key challenges in the development of biohybrid micro/nanorobots include ensuring biocompatibility, addressing manufacturing scalability, enhancing navigation and localization capabilities, maintaining stability in dynamic biological environments, navigating regulatory hurdles, and successfully translating these innovative technologies into clinical applications. Herein, the recent advancements, challenges, and future perspectives related to the biomedical applications of biohybrid micro/nanorobots are described. Indeed, this review sheds light on the cutting-edge developments in this field, providing researchers with an updated overview of the current potential of biohybrid micro/nanorobots in the realm of biomedical applications, and offering insights into their practical applications. Furthermore, it delves into recent advancements in the field of biohybrid micro/nanorobotics, providing a comprehensive analysis of the current state-of-the-art technologies and their future applications in the biomedical field. This review is about biohybrid micro/nanorobots, a class of micro/nanorobotics composed of a biological part and an artificial sector. It also explores recent advancements in biomedical applications of biohybrid micro/nanorobots by focusing on their potential usage in targeted drug delivery, tissue engineering, cancer therapy, and imaging-guided therapy. image
Citation - WoS: 3
Citation - Scopus: 3
Bioinspired Nanomaterials to Combat Microbial Biofilm and Pathogen Challenges: A Review
(Amer Chemical Soc, 2024) Zarepour, Atefeh; Venkateswaran, Meenakshi R.; Khosravi, Arezoo; Iravani, Siavash; Zarrabi, Ali; Genetik ve Biyomühendislik / Genetic and Bio-Engineering
The emergence of antibiotic-resistant biofilms poses a significant challenge in healthcare, as these complex microbial communities demonstrate an increased resistance to conventional treatment methods. Traditional antibiotics often fail against biofilms, resulting in persistent infections and treatment failures. To address this urgent issue, innovative strategies such as bioinspired nanomaterials, antimicrobial peptides, quorum sensing inhibitors, and combination therapies show promise in disrupting biofilm structures, enhancing antimicrobial activity, and overcoming resistance mechanisms. Bioinspired nanomaterials have emerged as a pivotal approach for tackling the challenges presented by biofilms and microbial pathogens across various sectors, including healthcare, industry, and environmental protection. Their advantages include enhanced biocompatibility, targeted delivery, and improved efficacy against biofilm formation and microbial threats. Recent advancements highlight the potential of innovative solutions, such as antimicrobial nanoparticles, smart nanocarriers, surface modifications, and nanozymes, in combating biofilm-related issues. Despite significant progress in bioinspired nanomaterial research, challenges remain. The intricate interactions within biofilms and the evolving nature of microbial pathogens necessitate multidisciplinary approaches. Furthermore, translating laboratory findings into practical applications faces obstacles related to scalability, stability, and regulatory compliance. Future advancements in bioinspired nanomaterials are expected to focus on multifunctional nanoparticles that disrupt biofilms, advanced surface modifications for better interaction, smart nanocarriers for targeted delivery, and innovative nanozymes to dismantle biofilm structures. This review focuses on the development and application of bioinspired nanoparticles to address microbial biofilm and pathogen challenges. It emphasizes the roles of antimicrobial nanoparticles, surface modifications, smart nanocarriers, and nanozymes in enhancing the efficacy and targeting capabilities. Additionally, the review explores the potential of bioinspired nanomaterials in formulating biofilm management practices, providing insights into the advantages, limitations, and future perspectives of these innovative approaches.
Citation - WoS: 7
Citation - Scopus: 7
Biotin-functionalized nanoparticles: an overview of recent trends in cancer detection
(Royal Soc Chemistry, 2024) Fathi-karkan, Sonia; Sargazi, Saman; Shojaei, Shirin; Farasati Far, Bahareh; Mirinejad, Shekoufeh; Cordani, Marco; Ghavami, Saeid; Genetik ve Biyomühendislik / Genetic and Bio-Engineering
Electrochemical bio-sensing is a potent and efficient method for converting various biological recognition events into voltage, current, and impedance electrical signals. Biochemical sensors are now a common part of medical applications, such as detecting blood glucose levels, detecting food pathogens, and detecting specific cancers. As an exciting feature, bio-affinity couples, such as proteins with aptamers, ligands, paired nucleotides, and antibodies with antigens, are commonly used as bio-sensitive elements in electrochemical biosensors. Biotin-avidin interactions have been utilized for various purposes in recent years, such as targeting drugs, diagnosing clinically, labeling immunologically, biotechnology, biomedical engineering, and separating or purifying biomolecular compounds. The interaction between biotin and avidin is widely regarded as one of the most robust and reliable noncovalent interactions due to its high bi-affinity and ability to remain selective and accurate under various reaction conditions and bio-molecular attachments. More recently, there have been numerous attempts to develop electrochemical sensors to sense circulating cancer cells and the measurement of intracellular levels of protein thiols, formaldehyde, vitamin-targeted polymers, huwentoxin-I, anti-human antibodies, and a variety of tumor markers (including alpha-fetoprotein, epidermal growth factor receptor, prostate-specific Ag, carcinoembryonic Ag, cancer antigen 125, cancer antigen 15-3, etc.). Still, the non-specific binding of biotin to endogenous biotin-binding proteins present in biological samples can result in false-positive signals and hinder the accurate detection of cancer biomarkers. This review summarizes various categories of biotin-functional nanoparticles designed to detect such biomarkers and highlights some challenges in using them as diagnostic tools. Biotin-functionalized nanoparticles enhance cancer detection by targeting biotin receptors, which are overexpressed on cancer cells. This targeted approach improves imaging accuracy and efficacy in identifying cancerous tissues.

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