Scopus İndeksli Yayınlar Koleksiyonu / Scopus Indexed Publications Collection

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14517/19

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Effect of Atomic Porosity on the Mechanical Properties of Aluminium Polycrystalline Using Molecular Dynamics Simulation
(Elsevier B.V., 2025) Sawaran Singh, N.S.; Ali, A.B.M.; Ameen, H.F.M.; Fahem, A.S.; Salahshour, S.; Eftekhari, S.A.
Materials with polycrystals are employed to produce parts that can withstand a range of forces, extreme temperatures, and harsh conditions. The behavior of crystal groups can vary depending on the arrangement of their atoms. Understanding the movement of molecules is crucial in comprehending the behavior of polycrystals. The resistance and durability of the crystals may be influenced by adjusting their configuration. By combining these elements, their longevity can be extended. The strength, flexibility, and environmentally friendly nature of aluminium composite materials make them popular. Knowing how the porosity in the aluminium can influence its durability is essential. Engineers are applying this research to develop strong aluminium in harsh conditions. Investigating the influence of porosity in materials can lead to the production of more robust aluminium parts. In the present study, the effect of atomic porosity on the mechanical properties of aluminium polycrystals is examined using molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. The results show that at a porosity ratio of 20 %, the ultimate strength and Young's modulus of material increase from 6.563 to 27.175 GPa to 6.749 and 29.720 GPa, respectively, due to the optimization of atomic arrangement and fluctuations within the porous sample. However, as the porosity ratio increased to 60 %, the ultimate strength and Young's modulus decrease to 5.064 and 19.649 GPa, respectively, due to the increased porosity and reduced load-bearing atoms. Understanding the influence of porosity on the mechanical properties of aluminium polycrystals is crucial for improving the durability and longevity of aluminum-based components. © 2025 The Author(s)
Lorentz-Invariance and Gauge-Invariance of the Aharonov–bohm Phase
(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2025) Kholmetskii, A.L.; Missevitch, O.V.; Yarman, T.
We analyze general expressions for the quantum phases of dipoles and pointlike charges in an electromagnetic field, applying the strong relativistic limit and using the principle of superposition of quantum phases first proposed in Kholmetskii and Yarman (EPL 120: 40007, 2017). This way we derive a new expression for the AB phase of electrically charged particles, which is both gauge-invariant and Lorentz-invariant, and discuss its implications. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Società Italiana di Fisica and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2025.
Search for Light Long-Lived Particles Decaying To Displaced Jets in Proton-Proton Collisions at √s = 13.6 Tev
(Institute of Physics, 2025) Hayrapetyan, A.; Tumasyan, A.; Adam, W.; Andrejkovic, J.W.; Bergauer, T.; Chatterjee, S.; Fouz, M.C.
A search for light long-lived particles (LLPs) decaying to displaced jets is presented, using a data sample of proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13.6 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 34.7 fb−1, collected with the CMS detector at the CERN LHC in 2022. Novel trigger, reconstruction, and machine-learning techniques were developed for and employed in this search. After all selections, the observations are consistent with the background predictions. Limits are presented on the branching fraction of the Higgs boson to LLPs that subsequently decay to quark pairs or tau lepton pairs. An improvement by up to a factor of 10 is achieved over previous limits for models with LLP masses smaller than 60 GeV and proper decay lengths smaller than 1 m. The first constraints are placed on the fraternal twin Higgs (FTH) and folded supersymmetry (FSUSY) models, where the lower bounds on the top quark partner mass reach up to 350 GeV for the FTH model and 250 GeV for the FSUSY model. © 2025 The Author(s). Published by IOP Publishing Ltd.
The Effect of Breast Milk and Other Odor Interventions Applied During Venous Procedures in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit on the Pain and Comfort Level of Premature Neonate: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
(Elsevier Ltd, 2025) Kolukisa, T.; Cinar, N.; Eroglu, A.; Karakaya Suzan, O.; Sengun, R.; Bektas, M.
Purpose: This systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to determine the effect of breast milk and other scent interventions applied during venous procedures in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit on premature babies’ pain and comfort levels. Materials and methods: This review [PROSPERO:CRD42024547970] searched eight (8) databases (Cochrane, PubMed, EBSCO, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, Scopus, TR Index, CINAHL). A search strategy specific to each database was created by using the keywords of published studies on the subject. In general, the words ((Comfort OR Pain) AND (Preterm) AND (“neonatal intensive care unit” OR NICU) AND (venipuncture OR bloodletting OR catheter OR cannula)) were used. Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome(s) of interest, and Study design (PICOS framework) and studies published between 2014 and 2024 that met the inclusion criteria have been examined by researchers between the dates May 01, 2024 and July 01, 2024. Data were analyzed using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis (CMA). For comparison of binary data, odds ratio (OR) (95% CI) was calculated. For continuous data, mean difference (MD) with a 95% confidence interval was estimated. OR was used to calculate the joint effect. A value of p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: As a result of the searches made with the search strategy, a total of 214 studies were reached. Of these studies, 17 were removed as a result of duplication and 188 were removed as a result of title and abstract reviews. The full texts of the remaining nine studies were examined and two studies that did not meet the inclusion criteria were excluded. Among these, one study was eliminated because the comparison was not appropriate because each infant had its own control, and one study was eliminated because the results were not appropriate. A total of seven researchers were found to meet the involvement criteria and were included in this meta-analysis study. It was found that breast milk and other odors interventions had a large effect on reducing the pain scores of premature babies, and the effect size of all studies except one study included in the meta-analysis was statistically significant. Subgroup analysis according to odor types revealed that breast milk odor and other odors were effective interventions in reducing pain reactivity. There was not enough evidence to state that odor interventions had a positive effect on the comfort levels of newborns. Conclusion: There is a need for studies with a high level of evidence examining the effects of odor interventions on the comfort level of premature babies. © 2025 Neonatal Nurses Association
Fermi Motion in Nucleons and the Generalized Heisenberg Uncertainty Relation
(Walter de Gruyter GmbH, 2025) Kholmetskii, A.; Missevitch, O.; Yarman, T.
In a series of our papers (e.g., A.L. Kholmetskii, et al. Ann. Phys. 392, 49 (2018)) we proposed to redefine the momentum operator for an electrically charged quantum particle in an electromagnetic (EM) field through the sum of its mechanical momentum (P M ) and the interactional electromagnetic momentum (P EM ), instead of the standard definition of this operator, associated with the canonical momentum of the particle. In the present contribution, we represent our three-step way to the new momentum operator and focus on one of its principal implications, named the "generalized Heisenberg uncertainty relation", where, in comparison to its standard form, the mechanical momentum of a charged particle P M is replaced by the sum of P M and P EM . We then apply the generalized uncertainty relation to the analysis of the Fermi motion of quarks in the proton and neutron and show that a quark with a unique charge (i.e., the d-antiquark in the proton and the u-antiquark in the neutron) should have a more narrow momentum distribution compared to the wider momentum distribution of the remaining quarks (the two u-quarks in the proton and the two d-quarks in the neutron) in their Fermi motion. The agreement of these results with the available experimental data does not touch the validity of the results of calculation of quantum chromodynamics (QCD) regarding the description of the proton and neutron, but rather enriches their physical interpretation. © 2025 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston 2025.
Using Evolutionary Algorithms and Group Method of Data Handling Ann for Prediction of the Viscosity Mwcnt-Zno /Oil Sae 50 Nano-Lubricant
(Elsevier Ltd, 2025) Liu, Z.; Ali, A.B.M.; Hussein, R.A.; Singh, N.S.S.; Al-Bahrani, M.; Abdullaeva, B.; Esmaeili, S.
This study looked at ANNs' ability to predict the rheological properties of MWCNT-ZNO / Oil SAE 50 nano lubricant. Five artificial intelligence algorithms—Group Method of Data Handling (GMDH), Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), Multivariate Adaptive Regression Splines (MARS), Support vector machine (SVM), and Multilayer Perceptron (MLP)—were employed in this work to forecast this nanofluid. The most optimum objective function (μnf) as an output is the foundation of algorithms used in artificial intelligence. This capacity is developed so that the values predicted by ANN were more consistent with the laboratory numbers by combining GMDH with the metaheuristic approach. This combination enables the metaheuristic algorithm to optimize the evaluation indices and get the predicted data closer to the experimental data by using the GMDH activation parameters as input. For optimization, three metaheuristic algorithms are used, and the combination of GMDH and MOGWO produced the best results. Ultimately, the finest condition that could be achieved is found to have the following input data values: share rate (γ), temperature (T), and solid volume fraction (φ): 0.0625 %, 50 °C, and 5499.6783 s−1 correspondingly. © 2025 Elsevier Ltd
Legal Implications Regarding Micromobility Systems From Administrative and Criminal Aspects
(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2025) Dilekci, S.; Duysak, M.
The swift integration of e-scooters into daily life has taken many countries by surprise. While some have expanded their bicycle-related regulations, others have introduced new rules for e-scooters to address this shift. As e-scooters become more popular, countries have implemented various strategies to reduce accidents and behaviors that could disrupt traffic flow, aiming to create a safer environment for both riders and pedestrians. Regulations regarding e-scooters vary significantly from one country to another, and even between cities. These regulations cover aspects such as the vehicle category, maximum speed limits, parking rules, age restrictions, helmet requirements, restrictions on the maximum power of e-scooters in public areas, appropriate road usage, and whether registration or insurance is necessary. Regulations tailored to each country’s specific needs, developed with input from various stakeholders such as the public, e-scooter companies, shared e-scooter operators, and other road users, are likely to be more effective than a single universal regulation applied across all countries. Criminal liabilities related to the use of bicycles and e-scooters can arise from willful or reckless harm or endangerment. If a driver intentionally injures someone, or an animal, or damages property, they may face criminal charges, with the use of the vehicle potentially worsening the offense depending on the country. Similarly, deliberately causing danger, such as driving on sidewalks, can also be criminal, varying by country. Negligence, like ignoring traffic rules or riding without lights, can result in lower penalties compared to intentional acts, though penalties are higher if the driver is aware of potential risks but still breaks the rules. Finally, negligent actions, such as improper parking of shared vehicles, can also pose dangers. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2025.
Designing a Power Transfer System for the Investigation of the Magnetorheological Characteristics of a Magnetic Fluid
(Elsevier Ltd, 2025) Wang, X.; Ali, A.B.M.; Singh, N.S.S.; AL-Khafaji, M.O.; Abduvalieva, D.; Teimourimanesh, N.; Hekmatifar, M.
This study explored the performance of magnetic fluids in couplings, focusing on optimizing torque and rotational transfer. It investigated how variations in mass fraction, oil film thickness, and cylinder diameter impacted the efficiency and torque transfer capabilities of the system. The research aimed to identify the optimal combination of these parameters for improved performance under magnetic field conditions. The study employed both experimental and numerical simulation methods. Cylinders with diameters of 80 mm, 105 mm, and 130 mm were tested to analyze the dynamics of fluid flow between internal and external cylinders. Numerical simulations predicted optimal system performance, and the results were validated through laboratory experiments. Key metrics included torque transfer, rotational velocity, oil film thickness, and shear stress applied to the cylinder walls. The findings show that reducing oil film thickness enhanced torque and rotational transfer. The 80 mm cylinder performed poorly at low mass fractions, while the 105 mm cylinder achieved effective performance at a 60 % mass fraction. The 130 mm cylinder demonstrated superior performance across all mass fractions due to its thinner oil film and higher shear stress. However, torque transfer plateaued at magnetic field intensities above 0.33 T, indicating limitations in system control. In conclusion, optimizing mass fraction and cylinder diameter enabled significant improvements in torque and rotational transfer. The system achieved a maximum torque of 2.75 N.m and a peak rotational speed of 820 rpm with a 130 mm cylinder at a 60 % mass fraction. © 2025 Elsevier Ltd
Simulation of the Turbulent Air Flow of Inhalation and Exhalation in the Respiratory System Using Computational Fluid Dynamics
(Elsevier B.V., 2025) Jasim, D.J.; Chyad, M.H.; Sabri, L.S.; Salahshour, S.; Akbari, O.A.; Hekmatifar, M.
In this research, the CFD simulation of the respiratory tract was discussed. Limited research was conducted in the field of respiratory systems to examine the respiratory system as a true model for various input structures in inhalation and exhalation, although numerous studies were conducted by researchers. This study aimed to develop a dependable method for obtaining the true respiratory system geometry from a 24-year-old man's CT scan data and preparing it for input into CFD software. this research performs a numerical analysis of the airflow from the nasal inlet in both the inhalation and exhalation modes, using a turbulent airflow mode with a flow rate of 60 liters per minute. The effect of different inputs on the airflow in the human respiratory system is simulated for flat, pipe, and semi-spherical cross sections using CFD for turbulent flow. The results show that the velocity increased as air entered the nasopharynx. In flat, pipe, and semisphere modes, the velocity increased from 2.8 m/s, 2.07 m/s, and 4.14 m/s to 7.41 m/s, 5.48 m/s, and 8.40 m/s, respectively. The Dynamic pressure drop coefficient)Cp(in flat, pipe, and semisphere modes decreased from 79.38, 34.24, and 69.57 to 32.84, 17.13, and 31.44, respectively. The velocity in flat, pipe, and semisphere modes decreased from 7.46 m/s, 4.45 m/s, and 10.29 m/s to 1.54 m/s, 0.96 m/s, and 2.70 m/s, respectively. In the flat and pipe modes, the Cp increased from 17.17, -5.46, to 34.01, and 29.75, respectively. Velocity increased as air entered the larynx. Numerically, the velocity in flat, pipe, and semisphere modes increased from 5.00 m/s, 2.78 m/s, and 7.35 m/s to 9.06 m/s, 6.56 m/s, and 9.79 m/s, respectively. The Cp increased in pipe and semisphere modes. Velocity decreases as the air enters the trachea. Numerically, the velocity in flat, pipe, and semisphere modes decreased from 6.69 m/s, 4.86 m/s, and 7.16 m/s to 3.44 m/s, 3.44 m/s, and 3.90 m/s, respectively. The Cp in the pipe and semisphere modes decreased from 0.77, and -1.59 to -7.33, and -11.51, respectively. © 2025 The Authors
In-Depth Analysis of the Effects of Turbo-Expander and Condenser Pressures on the Performance of an Organic Rankine Cycle (orc) Waste Heat Recovery System
(Elsevier Ltd, 2025) Li, K.; Ru, J.; Salahshour, S.; Akbari, O.A.; Baghaei, S.; Brahmia, A.
Considering the environmental problems and energy prices, waste energy recovery is one of the subjects that should be given more attention. Currently, internal combustion engines (ICEs) are the most used heat engines. In the present paper, while introducing four different configurations with different equipment arrangements, the waste energy recovery using the organic Rankine cycle (ORC) from a widely used ICE in the shipping fleet is evaluated. All four designs include a single-loop ORC but with a different number of heat exchangers. Case 1 is simple, case 2 includes a recuperator, case 3 includes a preheater, and case 4 includes both a recuperator and a preheater. Due to the low temperature of wasted energy in ICEs, suitable working fluids are selected and for all fluids, the effects of inlet pressure to turbo-expander (TE), inlet pressure to the condenser, changes of ICE power, and TE isentropic efficiency are investigated. The results show that the set (ICE + ORC) best net energy and exergy efficiencies are related to case 4, and equal 42.77 % and 41.74 %, respectively. The amount of destroyed exergy in the cycle for cases 1 to 4 equals 2640 kW, 2595 kW, 2625 kW, and 2560 kW, respectively. Considering the exergy content of consumed fuel, the exergy efficiency of the cases equals 40.31 %, 41.53 %, 40.62 %, and 41.74 %, respectively. Increasing TE inlet pressure from 3 to 8 bar increases the avoidance of CO2 production from about 200 tons per year to about 700 tons. © 2025 The Author(s)
Effects of Initial Temperature Changes on Swelling Percentage, Mechanical and Thermal Attributes of Polyacrylamide-Based Hydrogels Using the Molecular Dynamics Simulation
(Elsevier Ltd, 2025) Tang, S.; Basem, A.; Graish, M.S.; Singh, N.S.S.; Al-Bahrani, M.; Peng, T.; Baghaei, S.
Polyacrylamide hydrogels are widely used in various applications due to their unique swelling properties and mechanical performance. However, the effect of temperature on their behavior is not well understood. This study's goal is to use the LAMMPS software to do molecular dynamics simulations to examine how temperature affects the thermal characteristics, mechanical strength, and expansion of polyacrylamide hydrogels. As the temperature raised from 300 K to 350 K, the findings show that the elongation of hydrogels rose significantly, from 193.4 % to 224.4 %, due to enhanced water absorption and polymer chain mobility. As the temperature rose, the mechanical strength decreases from 0.0333 MPa to 0.0302 MPa, which is caused by the structure relaxing as the polymer chains got more flexible. Additionally, when the temperature rose, the thermal conductivity and heat flux rose as well, reaching 0.61 W/m·K and 1711 W/m², respectively, as shown by the improved heat transfer. These results have a major influence on the design and development of polyacrylamide hydrogels for use in wound healing, tissue engineering, and drug delivery systems. © 2024
Introduction
(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2025) Dündar, S.
E-scooters, which started to gain popularity especially among the youth before the COVID-19 pandemic and saw a rapid increase in use due to the pandemic, have significantly contributed to the spread of the micromobility concept and its adoption by wider segments of the public. In general, transportation systems that use small, individual vehicles capable of traveling at speeds below 25 km/h are considered micromobility. Among micromobility systems, there are different subtypes, such as bicycles, skates, and skateboards powered by human energy; segways and unicycles powered by electricity; and e-bikes and e-scooters that use a combination of human and electric energy. Significant developments in both the demand for micromobility and micromobility services are expected in the coming years. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2025.
Environmental Impacts of Micromobility
(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2025) Karlikanovaite-Balıkçı, A.
Globally, the e-scooter/e-bike network has already spread to more than 500 cities, 60 countries, and five continents, with the largest scooter rental companies counting tens of millions of registered trips. However, it is important to evaluate the environmental impact of these micromobility vehicles. Are these transportation options really as eco-friendly as the media and social networks claim? The fact that e-scooters/e-bikes do not emit gases from exhaust pipes does not necessarily mean that they do not create emissions and are completely eco-friendly. The environmental impact of these micromobility modes depends on their lifecycle, including production, distribution, and disposal. More than half of the emissions are generated from the extraction of necessary raw materials and the manufacturing process. Moreover, e-scooters/e-bikes require batteries that contain rare metals and whose production processes are energy-intensive. Shared e-scooter/e-bike services also involve energy-consuming charging and maintenance processes. Furthermore, e-scooters have a short lifespan, and improper disposal can pose environmental risks. E-scooters/e-bikes are frequently thrown into bodies of water, dropped from buildings, set on fire or otherwise damaged. The positive impact on the climate from manufacturing and using e-scooters/e-bikes could become a reality if significant attention is given to recyclable materials and sustainable development. Choosing renewable energy sources and optimizing every step of the service supply chain is also crucial for maintaining an efficient servicing system. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2025.
Some Novel Analyses of the Fractional-Order Covid-19 Model Using the Haar Wavelets Method
(Springer, 2025) Zeb, A.; Kumar, P.; Djilali, S.; Erturk, V.S.; Govindaraj, V.
In this research article, we investigate a COVID-19 model of fractional-order defined in terms of functional shape with square root susceptible-infected interaction. Firstly, we simulate the positivity and boundedness of the solution and then calculate the nature of equilibria. For exploring the dynamics of investigated fractional-order model, we use the Hurwitz criterion and then a graph theoretical method for the derivation of a Lyapunov function. For the given model, a unique solution exists under the results of the fixed-point theory. We use the Harr wavelets method to derive the numerical solution of the investigated model. As a result, some graphical illustrations are used to ensure the theoretical results, which indicates the good agreement between numerical illustrations and theoretical findings. The motivation of this article is to show how the given square root susceptible-infected interaction model effectively explores the outbreaks of COVID-19 at various fractional-order values. The inclusion of the Caputo fractional derivative incorporates the memory effects in the proposed model. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature India Private Limited 2025.
Comparison of the Overall Fit of Three-Unit Posterior Fixed Dental Prostheses Fabricated With Laser Sintering and Conventional Casting Methods
(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2025) Pekkan, G.; Degirmenci, K.; Tuna, S.H.; Hekimoğlu, C.; Saridag, S.
Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the marginal, internal, and occlusal discrepancies of three-unit posterior cobalt-chromium (Co-Cr) fixed dental prostheses (FDPs) produced using five different fabrication techniques. Materials and methods: Segmental maxillary models were prepared from polyamide material using a laser sintering method. The maxillary first premolar and first molar teeth were prepared to receive posterior FDPs. Direct metal laser sintering (DMLS) and selective laser melting (SLM) were used as two metal laser Co-Cr framework production systems. FDP specimen patterns were prepared by manual wax carving (Cast), 3D-printed polymer (3DP), and CAD/CAM wax and cast using the lost-wax technique as conventional methods. In total, 100 Co-Cr metal framework specimens were prepared for posterior FDPs (n = 20). The silicone replica technique was used to measure marginal, internal, and occlusal discrepancies of all frameworks. A stereomicroscope was employed to detect discrepancies at 100× magnification. The data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA (α = 0.05) and post hoc Bonferroni adjustment (α = 0.005) for pairwise comparisons. Results: There were no significant differences between the occlusal discrepancy values of premolar abutments of FDPs when compared with different fabrication methods (P > 0.05). The highest marginal discrepancy value was detected as 116.22 μm for molar abutment when the Cast method was used (P < 0.05). The highest occlusal discrepancy values were detected as 135.60 μm and 141.49 μm for molar abutments of posterior FDPs when the 3DP and Cast methods were used. The lowest marginal discrepancy value was detected as 38.94 μm for molar abutments when the DMLS method was used (P < 0.05). Conclusions: The DMLS method was more successful than other fabrication methods when fit values of abutment teeth for posterior frameworks were compared. Clinical relevance: The morphology of the abutment teeth and the fabrication techniques of FDPs migth affect the discrepancy values of FDPs planned. It was seen that the discrepancy values were lowest with the DMLS and SLM methods. Considering the results of this in-vitro study, DMLS and SLM techniques may be more appropriate option than the 3DP method, which starts with digital design and ends conventionally casting technique for posterior three-unit FDPs. © The Author(s) 2025.
Micromobility Vehicles
(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2025) Dündar, S.
Although the concept of micromobility has relatively recently entered our lives, some micromobility systems or vehicles have been in use for many years. While some of these vehicles are used solely for transportation, there is a perception in society that others are more for recreation than for transportation. Key micromobility vehicles include types of bicycles, scooters, roller skates, and skateboards, but it's possible to encounter a wide variety of micromobility vehicles. In this section, different micromobility vehicles are briefly examined, and their roles within the transportation system are supported with photographs. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2025.
Isolation and Characterization of New Lytic Bacteriophage Psa-Kc1 Against Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Isolates From Cystic Fibrosis Patients
(Nature Research, 2025) Kurt, K.C.; Kurt, H.; Tokuç, E.; Özbey, D.; Arabacı, D.N.; Aydın, S.; Tokman, H.B.
A novel lytic bacteriophage, PSA-KC1, was isolated from wastewater. In this study, the whole genome of the bacteriophage PSA-KC1 was analyzed, and its lytic properties were assessed. PSA-KC1 has a linear double-stranded DNA genome with a total length of 43,237 base pairs and a GC content of 53.6%. In total, 65 genes were predicted, 46 of which were assigned functions as structural proteins involved in genome replication, packaging or phage lysis. PSA-KC1 belongs to the genus Septimatrevirus under the Caudoviricetes class. The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of the lytic bacteriophage PSA-KC1 and compare it with that of the Pyophage phage cocktail on 25 multi drug resistant (MDR) Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains isolated from sputum samples of cystic fibrosis patients. Seventeen of these strains were susceptible (68%) to the PSA-KC1 lytic phage we isolated, whereas eight clinical strains were resistant. However, 22 (88%) of the P. aeruginosa strains were susceptible to the Pyophage cocktail, and three (12%) were resistant to the Phage cocktail. At the end of our study, a new lytic phage active against multidrug-resistant P. aeruginosa strains from CF patients was isolated, and its genome was characterized. Since the PSA-KC1 phage does not contain virulence factors, toxins or integrase genes, it can be expected to be a therapeutic candidate with the potential to be used safely in phage therapy. © The Author(s) 2025.
Carbon-Doped Percentage Effect on the Mechanical Properties of Nanoporous Silicon Sample Using Molecular Dynamics Simulation
(Elsevier Ltd, 2025) Sawaran Singh, N.S.; Ali, A.B.M.; Ameen, H.F.M.; Al-Zahiwat, M.M.; Salahshour, S.; Emami, N.
Porous materials have attracted considerable attention from researchers due to its many uses in molecular separation, heterogeneous catalysis, absorption technologies, and electronic improvements. These solid materials, often defined by their structural voids, are essential in several sectors. This research investigated the impact of carbon doping on the mechanical characteristics of nanoporous silicon matrices. The use of high-purity silicon doping is very beneficial in the semiconductor industry and is crucial for high-power devices and automotive applications. This study simulates a nanoporous silicon sample by molecular dynamics methods, adding carbon doping at different concentrations. The findings demonstrate that when the carbon doping concentration escalated from 1 % to 30 %, the mechanical resistance of the system decreased correspondingly. The ultimate tensile strength fell from 10.26 to 9.02 GPa. Furthermore, Young's modulus rose from 83.47 to 98.37 GPa. The decline in mechanical stability was associated with a drop in the model's total weight, which had considerable ramifications for industrial applications. Thus, incorporating C-doped nanoporous silicon into real applications not only lowered the weight of target materials but also improved their use. © 2025 The Author(s)
Perioperative Use of Pregabalin Vs. Duloxetine for Pain Management of Knee Fracture Surgery: a Double-Blind Randomized Clinical Trial
(Brieflands, 2025) Masoumi, M.; Soleimani, M.; Shekari, T.; Alaei, M.; Sheikhvatan, M.; Mojtahedzadeh, M.; Shafiei, S.H.
Background: Effective postoperative pain management, particularly in orthopedic procedures, presents significant challenges. There is increasing evidence supporting the benefits of multimodal analgesia, including the use of gabapentinoids and serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs), to minimize opioid consumption while effectively managing pain. However, a gold-standard treatment has not been established. Objectives: This study aims to compare the efficacy of duloxetine and pregabalin within a multimodal analgesic regimen for managing postoperative pain and their opioid-sparing effects following knee fracture surgery. Methods: In this double-blind randomized clinical trial (RCT), 54 patients undergoing knee fracture surgery were randomized to receive either 75 mg oral pregabalin or 30 mg duloxetine twice daily, starting at least 24 hours prior to surgery and continuing up to 48 hours postoperatively. Pain severity was assessed at admission and at 6, 12, 24, and 48 hours post-operation. Patients reporting a pain score greater than six on a Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) received intramuscular morphine. Additionally, total opioid dose, associated complications, and drug adverse effects were monitored within the first 48 hours post-surgery. Results: Although there was no statistically significant difference between the duloxetine and pregabalin groups at each time point, the reduction in pain at the 48-hour mark was more pronounced in the duloxetine group compared to the pregabalin group. The duloxetine group required higher doses of morphine on the first day compared to the pregabalin group (3.96 ± 3.20 mg vs. 2.14 ± 2.72 mg, P = 0.022). However, on the second day, opioid rescue was required in three patients in the pregabalin group, whereas no patients in the duloxetine group required rescue. No clinically significant adverse effects were observed in either group. Conclusions: Duloxetine 60 mg per day is an equally effective perioperative alternative to pregabalin 150 mg per day, resulting in a slight increase in rescue opioid administration with equivalent analgesic efficacy during the first 24 hours postoperatively. It demonstrates notable analgesic outcomes with no increased need for opioids between 24 to 48 hours post-surgery. © 2025, Masoumi et al.
Assessment of Stiffness-Dependent Autophagosome Formation and Apoptosis in Embryonal Rhabdomyosarcoma Tumor Cells
(2025) Sezen, S.; Adiguzel, S.; Zarepour, A.; Khosravi, A.; Gordon, J.W.; Ghavami, S.; Zarrabi, A.
Remodeling of the extracellular matrix (ECM) eventually causes the stiffening of tumors and changes to the microenvironment. The stiffening alters the biological processes in cancer cells due to altered signaling through cell surface receptors. Autophagy, a key catabolic process in normal and cancer cells, is thought to be involved in mechano-transduction and the level of autophagy is probably stiffness-dependent. Here, we provide a methodology to study the effect of matrix stiffness on autophagy in embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma cells. To mimic stiffness, we seeded cells on GelMA hydrogel matrices with defined stiffness and evaluated autophagy-related endpoints. We also evaluated autophagy-dependent pathways, apoptosis, and cell viability. Specifically, we utilized immunocytochemistry and confocal microscopy to track autophagosome formation through LC3 lipidation. This approach suggests that the use of GelMA hydrogels with defined stiffness represents a novel method to evaluate the role of autophagy in embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma and other cancer cells. © 2024. Springer Science+Business Media, LLC.

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