PubMed İndeksli Yayınlar Koleksiyonu / PubMed Indexed Publications Collection

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Effect of the Early Introduction of Trophic Donor Human Breast Milk on the Preservation of Postoperative Gut Functions in a Fasting Animal Model
(Elsevier Inc., 2025) Tuzlaci, A.; Kolayli, F.; Muezzinoglu, B.; Güvenç, B.H.
Dietary restrictions, such as avoiding oral intake until postoperative ileus resolves, can result in negative nitrogen balance, weakened immune function, and impaired digestive system performance. This study investigates the efficacy of donor human breast milk (HM) in early trophic enteral feeding and its impact on gut functions during prolonged postoperative fasting in an animal model. Male Wistar rats were deprived of food for 48 hours with free water access. After a complete ileal transection and an end-to-end intestinal anastomosis, the rats were divided into three groups: prolonged fasting (PF), early trophic feeding with HM, and feeding with commercial formula (CF). Each group was further divided into 48- and 72-h postoperative subgroups. The study measured the number of colony-forming units in mesenteric lymph nodes, serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels, and histopathological data between groups. At postoperative 48 and 72 hours, the mean apoptotic index of HM group was significantly lower than in PF group (P<.001). A significant decrease was observed in apoptosis in HM group over time (P=.047), while the CF (P=.327) and PF (P=.959) groups did not show significant changes. HM significantly prevented villus atrophy (P<.01), and bacterial translocation to mesenteric lymph nodes (P<.05) compared to CF and PF. Serum ALP levels, an indicator of intestinal mucosal regeneration, was significantly highest in the HM group at 72 hours compared to other groups (P=.03). These findings suggest that HM not only maintains the structural and functional gut integrity but also promotes earlier and more effective recovery of the intestinal health. © 2025 Elsevier Inc.
Molecular Imaging Using (Nano)Probes: Cutting-Edge Developments and Clinical Challenges in Diagnostics
(Royal Soc Chemistry, 2025) Samadzadeh, Meisam; Khosravi, Arezoo; Zarepour, Atefeh; Jamalipour Soufi, Ghazaleh; Hekmatnia, Ali; Zarrabi, Ali; Iravani, Siavash
Molecular imaging has emerged as a transformative approach in the field of medical diagnostics, enabling the visualization of biological processes at the molecular and cellular levels. Additionally, the integration of molecular imaging with other imaging modalities such as positron emission tomography (PET), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computed tomography (CT), photoacoustic imaging (PAI), and fluorescence imaging (FI) has further broadened the scope of diagnostics. Despite significant advances in probe design, including multifunctional and targeted nanomaterials, their clinical translation remains limited by critical challenges. Key obstacles include nanoprobe stability in physiological environments, nonspecific accumulation in the reticuloendothelial system, potential toxicity, and difficulties in achieving optimal biocompatibility and controlled biodistribution. Moreover, the complexity of nanoprobe synthesis and batch-to-batch variability hinder scalable manufacturing and regulatory approval. The primary goal of this review is to critically analyze the current challenges hindering the clinical translation of molecular imaging nanoprobes in biomedicine. While existing literature extensively covers imaging techniques, this review uniquely emphasizes the persistent obstacles-such as nanoprobe stability, biocompatibility, off-target effects, and limited sensitivity-that impede their effective application. Unlike previous reviews, which tend to focus broadly on advancements, we offer a nuanced perspective by identifying specific barriers and proposing promising strategies to overcome them. We explore how surface modification, novel targeting ligands, and smart responsive systems can enhance nanoprobe performance. Furthermore, the review discusses how addressing these challenges is crucial for accelerating the development of multifunctional nanoprobes capable of simultaneous diagnosis and therapy, ultimately advancing personalized medicine. By highlighting these hurdles and potential solutions, this review aims to provide a comprehensive roadmap for researchers striving to optimize molecular imaging nanoprobes, thereby bridging the gap between laboratory innovation and clinical reality.
Effect of Preclinical Training in Periodontal Instrumentation on Undergraduate Students' Anxiety, Clinical Performance, Satisfaction
(BMC, 2025) Kayaalti-Yuksek, Sibel; Besiroglu-Turgut, Ekin; Agirman, Merve; Keles, Gonca Cayir
Objectives This study aims to assess the impact of preclinical training using instructional typodont-phantom head on undergraduate students' anxiety levels, clinical performance, and satisfaction. Materials & methods Sixty-fourth-year students from Istanbul Okan University with no clinical periodontal experience were randomly divided into two groups. Both groups received one hour of theoretical periodontal training on comprehensive examination and supragingival instrumentation. Group 1 received only theoretical training, while Group 2 additionally completed 60 min of hands-on preclinical training using a typodont-phantom head with artificial calculus. Before their first patient procedures, students completed a state anxiety test and afterward rated their training satisfaction on a VAS. Clinical performance was assessed using a scaling operation score sheet. Results Group 2 had significantly higher clinical performance (77.67 +/- 17.17) and satisfaction scores (8.23 +/- 1.79) compared to Group 1 (59.93 +/- 15.38 and 6.67 +/- 1.62, respectively; p < 0.05). No significant difference in state anxiety scores was observed between groups, nor any correlation between anxiety and clinical performance. Conclusion Preclinical training in periodontal instrumentation improved clinical performance and satisfaction but did not affect anxiety. Integrating theoretical and practical preclinical training with a typodont-phantom model can enhance learning outcomes. Clinical trial registration The study was retrospectively registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (ID: NCT06593873) on 10/09/2024.
Innovations in Cancer Treatment: Evaluating Drug Resistance with Lab-On Technologies
(Elsevier, 2025) Heydari, Parisa; Javaherchi, Pouya; Samadzadeh, Meisam; Azadani, Reyhaneh Nasr; Rad, Alireza Bahrami; Zarepour, Atefeh; Zarrabi, Ali
Lab-on-a-chip (LoC) technologies have emerged as transformative tools in cancer research, particularly in evaluating drug resistance, which remains a significant barrier to effective treatment. These miniaturized platforms allow for the integration of multiple laboratory functions onto a single chip, facilitating high-throughput screening and real-time monitoring of cellular responses to therapeutic agents. Despite their potential, several challenges hinder the widespread adoption of LoC systems in clinical settings. Key issues include the complexity of accurately replicating the tumor microenvironment (TME), which is critical for understanding cancer biology and drug interactions. Additionally, variability in chip design and fabrication raises concerns about standardization and reproducibility of results, complicating comparisons across studies. The integration of LoC technologies into clinical practice is further complicated by the need for translation from laboratory findings to patient-specific applications. High costs asSociated with advanced microfabrication techniques and the requirement for specialized technical expertise also limit accessibility for many researchers and clinicians. However, the future perspectives for LoC technologies are promising. Advancements in three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting and tissue engineering are expected to enhance TME modeling, while patient-derived tumor spheroids (PDTS) integrated into LoC platforms could facilitate personalized medicine approaches. Coupling LoC systems with omics technologies will provide deeper insights into the molecular mechanisms of drug resistance and help identify novel biomarkers. Furthermore, the integration of artificial intelligence and nanotechnology with LoC platforms has significantly enhanced their diagnostic accuracy, automation, and potential for personalized cancer treatment. As regulatory bodies increasingly accept LoC technologies as viable preclinical models, their integration into pharmaceutical development pipelines is likely to accelerate. This review aims to explore these challenges and future perspectives, highlighting the potential of LoC technologies in advancing cancer treatment paradigms. By examining the innovative applications of LoC systems, we aim to highlight their potential for enhancing our understanding of the complex interactions within the TME and their implications for personalized medicine. Additionally, it seeks to identify and discuss the key challenges that currently limit the widespread adoption of LoC technologies in clinical settings, including issues related to model complexity, standardization, and integration into existing drug development pipelines.
Short-Term Outcomes of Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation in Patients with Bicuspid Aortic Valve: Insights from Nationwide Readmission Analysis
(Springer Japan KK, 2025) Alhuneafat, Laith; Ghanem, Fares; Obeidat, Omar; Alzyoud, Anas; Ma'aita, Abdel Latif; Ajam, Mustafa; Altibi, Ahmed M.
Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) TAVI outcomes for patients with bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) and severe aortic stenosis are uncertain due to their exclusion from major clinical trials. We analyzed TAVI patients in the United States using data from the Nationwide Readmissions Database (2016-2019) identified using ICD-10 codes. We established matched cohorts of BAV and trileaflet aortic valve (TAV) patients using propensity-score matching (PSM). Primary outcomes were in-hospital mortality, 30-day mortality, and 30-day readmission rates. Out of 233,683 TAVI patients identified, 3169 (1.4%) had BAV. BAV patients were younger with fewer comorbidities. After PSM, 2,840 pairs were analyzed. Compared to TAV patients, TAVI in BAV patients showed comparable in-hospital mortality (1.2% vs. 2.0%; OR 0.62; 95% CI 0.36-1.04; p = 0.07) and 30-day readmission rates (10.0% vs. 12.3%; OR 0.79; 95% CI 0.60-1.03; p = 0.08), with lower 30-day mortality rates (0.88% vs. 1.96%; OR 0.44; 95% CI 0.23-0.84; p = 0.01). Post-TAVI in-hospital complications rates, including stroke, acute kidney injury, pacemaker need, and others, were similar between BAV and TAV patients. TAVI in BAV shows acceptable safety compared to TAV, but further randomized trials are needed to establish long-term outcomes and durability.
Brain Oscillations in Bipolar Disorder: Insights from Quantitative EEG Studies
(Sage Publications Inc, 2025) Bahadori, Amir Reza; Naghavi, Erfan; Allami, Pantea; Dahaghin, Saba; Davari, Afshan; Ansari, Sahar; Tafakhori, Abbas
Introduction Quantitative electroencephalography (QEEG) is a neurophysiological tool that analyzes brain oscillations across frequency bands, providing insights into psychiatric conditions like bipolar disorder (BD). This disorder, marked by mood fluctuations, poses diagnostic and treatment challenges, highlighting the need for reliable biomarkers.Objective This systematic review aims to evaluate QEEG changes in BD patients, investigate its diagnostic and therapeutic potential, and differentiate BD from major depressive disorder (MDD) and schizophrenia.Methods Following PRISMA 2020 guidelines, a comprehensive search of PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase was conducted till 30th of October 2024 without timeline restrictions. Studies involving BD patients assessed using QEEG were included. Key outcomes focused on frequency band alterations, treatment responses, and diagnostic differentiation.Results The review included 20 studies with 475 BD patients. Increased gamma and beta activity were consistently observed in BD. However, the directionality of alpha and theta band changes varied, with differences observed depending on brain region and mood state. Delta band alterations were more prominent in BD I. Treatment responses showed reduced power in gamma, theta, and alpha bands. QEEG also distinguished BD from MDD and schizophrenia based on frequency band characteristics.Conclusion QEEG demonstrates significant promise as a diagnostic and therapeutic tool for BD. Despite methodological variability, its integration with machine learning could enhance diagnostic precision and guide personalized treatments. Further research is needed to standardize methodologies and validate findings.
Understanding Food Loss Patterns Across Developed and Developing Countries Using a GDP, Growth Rate, and Health Expenditure-Based Typology
(Nature Portfolio, 2025) Baykoca, Buse; Yilmaz, Salim
Food loss and waste (FLW) threaten progress toward Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) 12.3, yet their distribution by development stage remains under-quantified. We created a time-weighted K-means typology for 105 countries (2000-2022) using Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita, GDP growth, and per-capita health expenditure-indicators chosen to capture economic capacity, growth momentum, and institutional investment. The scheme classified nations as developed (n = 13), developing (n = 92), or hybrid, with > 98% membership stability across weighting parameters. Linking this typology with FAO's FLW data, we modelled food loss percentages (FLP) across ten commodity groups and eight supply-chain stages using multilevel mixed-effects regression. Developed countries lost the most food at consumption (22.5%), dwarfing developing (6.8%) and hybrid cases (9.0-14.2%), whereas developing nations suffered greater upstream losses at harvest/on-farm (3.7%). FLP in developing economies was significantly lower for grains (beta = - 8.02, p = 0.007), oilseeds (beta = - 19.29, p = 0.016) and pulses (beta = - 5.43, p = 0.021). From 2000 to 2022, oilseed and sugar losses rose (beta = 0.26, p < 0.001), while roots/tubers and dairy/eggs declined (beta = - 0.31, - 0.89; p < 0.01). Stage analyses revealed pronounced development gaps at consumption (beta = - 16.06, p < 0.001) and processing (beta = - 5.58, p = 0.014), alongside a rising trend in marketing/retail losses (beta = 0.25, p = 0.005). Country-level random effects explained up to 90% of variance, underscoring the dominance of local conditions. The evidence supports consumer-behaviour interventions in high-income settings, upstream infrastructure investment in developing regions, and dual-track strategies in hybrids. Our typology provides a scalable, policy-ready lens for designing targeted FLW actions aligned with SDG 12.3.
Biophotonic (Nano)Structures: From Fundamentals to Emerging Applications
(Royal Soc Chemistry, 2025) Amoozadeh, Masoomeh; Hariri, Amirali; Zarepour, Atefeh; Khosravi, Arezoo; Iravani, Siavash; Zarrabi, Ali
Biophotonics is a dynamic interdisciplinary field that merges biology, photonics, and optics to explore and manipulate biological systems through light. Its applications are particularly prominent in medical diagnostics, imaging, and therapy. Key uses of biophotonic (nano)structures include enhancing medical imaging and enabling biosensing to detect disease markers. In therapeutic contexts, these nanostructures show significant promise in photothermal and photodynamic therapies, improving imaging contrast and allowing for real-time monitoring of cellular processes. However, the field faces challenges such as fabrication complexities, scalability, biocompatibility, and integration with existing technologies. For instance, limited biocompatibility can lead to adverse immune responses or toxicity, hindering their safe use in vivo, while scalability issues restrict the mass production of nanostructures with consistent quality, both of which are critical for clinical translation. Moreover, integrating these materials with existing medical devices or workflows often requires redesigning current platforms, slowing down adoption. Despite these obstacles, the future of biophotonics appears promising, especially with advancements in nanotechnology, including 3D printing and self-assembly, which could streamline production. The potential integration of biophotonic nanostructures with emerging technologies like wearable devices and point-of-care diagnostics could revolutionize healthcare by facilitating continuous health monitoring and rapid disease detection. This review aims to provide a thorough examination of biophotonic nanostructures and their emerging applications in disease diagnosis, imaging, and therapy. Additionally, it will address the challenges and future directions of biophotonic research, enhancing our understanding of how these innovative technologies can tackle critical issues in modern medicine and deepen our knowledge of complex biological systems.
Impact of Chemotherapy on Sexual Dysfunction in Turkish Women with Breast Cancer: A Single-Center Prospective Cohort Study
(Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2025) Cekin, Ruhper; Senocak, Didar; Arici, Serdar
Although numerous studies have explored the connection between breast cancer surgery and sexual function, research on chemotherapy's temporal effects is limited. Addressing the impact of chemotherapy on sexual dysfunction is critical for improving quality of life. The aim of this study is to investigate changes in sexual function before, during, and after chemotherapy treatment, with a focus on asSociated factors. A total of 101 sexually active, reproductive-aged women diagnosed with locally advanced breast cancer were included in the study. The sexual dysfunction was evaluated by using the female sexual function index (FSFI) across 3 treatment phases: before, during, and after chemotherapy. Covariates such as age, baseline sexual dysfunction, tumor localization, comorbidity, family history of cancer, and receptor-related factors were analyzed for their influence on score changes during specific periods. A mixed-effects model was employed to evaluate asSociations and interactions between these variables and sexual function outcomes. Sexual function scores significantly declined across treatment phases. Notable reductions were observed in desire (P < .001), arousal (P < .001), lubrication (P < .001), orgasm (P < .01), and satisfaction (P < .01), while pain scores increased (P < .01). Total FSFI scores significantly dropped during and after chemotherapy (P < .001 and P < .01, respectively). Patients with preexisting sexual dysfunction experienced significantly greater declines in desire, lubrication, and satisfaction, along with more pronounced increases in pain-related discomfort scores, particularly in the FSFI pain subscale (P < .01). Older age, comorbidity, and tumor localization were significantly asSociated with worsening sexual function, whereas receptor status and histopathology showed no meaningful effect. Our findings confirm a high prevalence of sexual dysfunction among women with breast cancer. These results highlight the multifaceted impact of chemotherapy on sexual function and reveal a clear temporal pattern of changes across treatment phases.
Nasal and Pharyngeal Airway Changes Following Three Different Rapid Palatal Expansion Protocols in Nongrowing Subjects: Effects of Miniscrew-Assisted Rapid Palatal Expansion and Surgically-Assisted Rapid Palatal Expansion with or without Pterygomaxillary Disjunction
(Korean AsSoc Orthodontists, 2025) Basal, Ece; Ozbilen, Elvan Onem; Turan, Begum; Acar, Yasemin Bahar; Acar, Zeynep Ahu
Objective: Comparing nasal cavity and pharyngeal airway volumes and minimum cross-sectional areas in nongrowing patients who underwent miniscrew-assisted rapid palatal expansion (MARPE) or surgically assisted rapid maxillary expansion (SARME) with and without pterygomaxillary disjunction (PD). Methods: Pretreatment and post-expansion cone beam computed tomography scans of 30 patients (mean age: 18.6 years), diagnosed with maxillary transverse deficiency, were grouped into three (n = 10 each) according to expansion protocol: 1) MARPE; 2) SARME without PD [SARME-PD(-)]; 3) SARME with PD [SARME-PD(+)]. In NemoStudio software, eleven linear measurements were used to evaluate nasal and maxillary skeletal parameters. Eight airway measurements were used to evaluate the volume and minimum cross-section of the nasal cavity, nasopharynx, retropalatal region, and retroglossal region. Intragroup and intergroup changes were evaluated for statistical significance at P < 0.05. Results: Nasal lateral, nasal floor, external maxillary, palatal, and maxillary intermolar widths significantly increased in all groups. In MARPE, nasal cavity and nasopharynx volumes and minimum cross-sectional area increased significantly. Nasopharyngeal volume increased significantly in SARME-PD(-), whereas nasal cavity volume and minimum cross-sectional area decreased significantly in SARME-PD(+). MARPE group showed greater expansion in nasal lateral width than SARME-PD(-) and SARME-PD(+) groups. Mean changes in nasal cavity volume, minimum cross-sectional area, and nasopharyngeal volume were significantly greater in MARPE than in SARME-PD(+). Conclusions: MARPE group showed greater increases in linear and volumetric measurements. However, differences were statistically insignificant compared to SARME-PD(-). Retropalatal and retroglossal parameters were unaffected in all groups. PD did not provide substantial advantage.
Causes of Diagnostic and Treatment Delays in Locally Advanced Breast Cancer: A Nationwide Multicenter Survey and Electronic Health Records Analysis in Turkiye
(Oxford Univ Press, 2025) Karadeniz Cakmak, Guldeniz; Tali, Ufuk; Balbaloglu, Hakan; Tasdoven, Ilhan; Ozkurt, Enver; Karanlik, Hasan; Ozmen, Vahit
Delays in breast cancer (BC) diagnosis and treatment negatively impact survival outcomes. Understanding patient- and provider-related factors behind these delays is crucial. This study aimed to identify nationwide reasons for delayed diagnosis and treatment of locally advanced BC in Turkiye. A prospective, multicenter hospital-based survey was conducted across 35 institutions between 2023 and 2024. Patient- and provider-related delays were assessed via a structured 61-item face-to-face survey, supplemented by clinical data from electronic health records. Delays exceeding 3 months were clinically categorized as significant. A total of 1322 women participated from seven regions across Turkiye. Factors contributing to diagnostic delays on a national level included economic reasons (5.5%), lack of family support (3.3%), lack of knowledge (12.4%), lack of time due to household work (3.8%), difficulty in finding an appointment (6.7%), pregnancy-related reasons (1.1%), fear of losing the breast (8.9%), fear of death (9.8%), and transportation difficulties (5.1%). Provider-related delays were infrequent. About 89.3% of the patients had the initial doctor appointment and 89.6% had the first specialist consultation within one month. Treatment planning was predominantly based on a multidisciplinary team decision in 88.3% of patients. Regarding treatment initiation, 93.2% started required treatment within 1 month of decision. Patient-related factors are the major causes of diagnostic delay in Turkiye. On the other hand, from the provider's perspective, the presence of multidisciplinary teams, including dedicated breast surgeons, represents a key factor in ensuring the timely implementation of diagnostic procedures and treatment strategies.
An Investigation of the Relationship Between Pain, Quality of Life, and Venous Refill Time in Chronic Venous Insufficiency
(Sage Publications Ltd, 2025) Cakir, Selda Karaveli; Sirin, Gokce; Eryigit, Sinem; Caliskan, Ilknur; Toz, Hasan
Objective Photoplethysmography provides information about global venous function and is also used to assess the time required to refill the veins within the dermis or the venous refill time. This descriptive cross-sectional study aims to investigate the relationship between pain, quality of life, and venous refill time in patients with chronic venous insufficiency. Methods The study was conducted on a sample of 72 patients diagnosed with chronic venous insufficiency. Data were collected using the Descriptive Characteristics Form, the Short-Form McGill Pain Questionnaire, and the Venous Insufficiency Epidemiological and Economic Study: The Quality of Life/Symptoms Scale (VEINES-QOL/Sym), and venous refill time was obtained by using photoplethysmography. Results The mean age of the patients included in the study was 41.24 +/- 13.58 years, and 54.2% were female. A positive correlation was found between photoplethysmography and VEINES-QOL/Sym, whereas a negative correlation was found with the McGill Pain Questionnaire (p < .001). The results showed that photoplethysmography significantly predicted VEINES-QOL/Sym and McGill Pain Questionnaire with a statistically significant correlation (p < .001). Conclusions The results of this study indicate that venous refill time has a significant impact on both pain and quality of life. The findings underscore the need to mitigate the negative impact of CVI on quality of life in patients diagnosed with CVI. In this regard, it is of great importance to identify the factors that negatively affect the quality of life of patients with CVI and to provide counseling services for these factors.
Blunt Chest Trauma-Related Cardiovascular Intervention in Two Pediatric Cases. A Silent Threat
(Sage Publications Inc, 2025) Bilgili, Y. Doruk; Guvenc, B. Haluk
Blunt thoracic traumas due to traffic accidents or falls from a height may conceal the degree of the underlying injury, leading to an underestimation of the actual clinical picture. Two pediatric poly-traumatized patients were admitted to the emergency room following traffic accidents. The first patient was overrun by a motor vehicle and seemed to be doing well in ICU when, all of a sudden, he developed heart failure with hemodynamic instability on day 14. Transesophageal and color flow Doppler echocardiography demonstrated an acquired 10 mm ventricular septal defect with left-to-right shunting into the right pulmonary artery. The second case demonstrated a right-side pneumothorax, a left-side hemothorax, and hemomediastinum, accompanying spleen, liver, kidney, and extremity injuries following a motorcycle accident. Computed tomography scan of the thorax further revealed an image suggesting thoracic aortic transection. The initial case underwent a successful repair of the ventricular septal defect via open cardiac surgery. A transcatheter aortic stent graft was successfully placed in the second case. Although it is rare, in severe thoracic trauma, we must be aware of the possibility and search for the presence of a silent cardiovascular or intracardiac injury, as it may be fatal in origin requiring rapid intervention.Clinical Impact Conditions requiring surgical intervention due to blunt thoracic trauma are rare in children. We emphasized the need to exclude cardiac pathologies by using imaging methods even if the patient is stable during the initial evaluation in the emergency room. We aimed to raise awareness, especially for clinicians in emergency departments, about possible pathologies that may be fatal if not diagnosed.
Evaluation of the Radiopacity of Single-Shade Composite Restorative Materials Using a Digital Radiography System
(Springer Heidelberg, 2025) Dogruer, Isil; Kutuk Omeroglu, Merve; Gumustas, Burak
ObjectivesRecently, single-shade universal composite resins have been introduced to the market to simplify restorative procedures. The inorganic structures of dental composites may influence several properties, including radiopacity. Radiopacity plays a crucial role in clinical dentistry as it enables the detection of recurrent caries, marginal defects, and restoration overhangs through radiographic examination. The aim of this investigation was to assess the mean gray value and compare the radiopacity of different single-shade composite resins using digital image analysis.Materials and methodsSeven single-shade universal composite resins (Omnichroma, Charisma Topaz One, Vitra Aps Unique, Admira Fusion x-tra universal, X-tra Fill, Essentia Universal and ZenChroma) and one multi-shade universal composite resin (Optishade) were used. The enamel-dentin segment, a typical aluminum (Al) step-wedge (1-10 mm), and the samples were placed on a phosphor imaging plate. For each image, the MGV and the standard deviation of the grey values for three different regions were calculated and the mean of these three values was recorded.ResultsmmAI measurements of the study groups were found to be statistically significant different (p < 0.05). The differences were found between Charisma one and Voco xtrafil groups and between Enamel, Dentin and Zenchroma groups. Also, differences were observed between Dentin and Vittra aps unq groups. The radiopacity values of all materials tested were found to meet the requirements of ISO.ConclusionsIt is found that Glass particles containing composites have similar radiopacity as enamel due to their low atomic weight. Zirconium particles containing composites are more radiopaque than glass particles containing composites because of their higher atomic weight.
Factors Influencing Hospital Length of Stay in Febrile Neutropenia: A Retrospective Cohort Study of Turkish Patients with Solid Tumors
(Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2025) Cekin, Ruhper; Senocak, Didar; Cihan, Sener
Febrile neutropenia (FN) is a severe complication of chemotherapy, asSociated with substantial mortality and financial burden. The purpose of this study was to assess the asSociation between hospital length of stay (LOS), supportive therapies, and antibiotic regimens in patients with FN, with a specific focus on the Turkish population. Eighty adult patients with solid tumors were enrolled. Patients received empirical antibiotic therapy within 2 hours of presentation. Data were collected on clinical and demographic variables, including LOS, fever duration, Multinational AsSociation of Supportive Care in Cancer Risk Index scores, and laboratory parameters. The mean hospital LOS was 6.09 +/- 3.62 days. Sulperazon use was significantly asSociated with a shorter LOS compared to meronem and tazocin (P < .001). Patients receiving filgrastim had a longer LOS compared to those who did not (P = .042). Correlation analysis revealed strong positive asSociations between LOS and febrile days (R = 0.624, P < .001), febrile days during hospitalization (R = 0.711, P < .001), and filgrastim administration days (R = 0.722, P < .001). Multivariate analysis confirmed that sulperazon use reduced LOS by 1.271 days (P = .048), while prolonged filgrastim use was linked to longer stays (P < .001). These findings highlight the critical role of antibiotic selection and supportive care in managing hospitalization duration for patients with FN. The combination of certain treatments and antibiotics plays a significant role in determining the duration of hospital stays, highlighting factors to consider in patient management and treatment planning.
Effect of Different Additive Manufacturing Technologies on the Fracture Load of 3-Unit Monolithic Zirconia Fixed Partial Dentures: In Vitro Mechanical Evaluation and Energy-Dispersive Spectroscopy Analysis
(Mosby-Elsevier, 2025) Dagistan, Simge; Toksoy, Dilem; Oenoeral, Oezay; Turksayar, Almira Ada Diken
Statement of problem. Studies examining the influence of different fabrication techniques on the fracture load (FL) of monolithic zirconia restorations are sparse. Purpose. The purpose of this in vitro study was to compare the FL of monolithic zirconia restorations manufactured with different technologies. Material and methods. A typodont model with a missing left first molar was used and laboratory scanned (inEos X5; Dentsply Sirona). Data were transferred to a computer-aided design software program (InLab 16.1; Dentsply Sirona). The cement space for the 3-unit fixed partial dentures was set at 50 mu m, and the connector area was specified as 9 +/- 0.2 mm(2). The subtractive technique was designated as the control group (GC Initial Zirconia HT; GC Corp), while 3 experimental groups were created by using different additive techniques (Gr(SLA) [3DMix Zirconia 3Y; 3D Ceram], Gr(DLP) [Inni Cera; Aon], and Gr(LCM) [LithaCon 3Y 210; Lithoz]) (n=8). In all groups, 3 mol% yttria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystalline was used. The FL test was conducted on models fabricated from glass-filled resin-based methacrylate and postpolymerized. After thermal cycling (5000 cycles, 5-55 degrees C), all specimens were loaded with a stainless-steel ball at a crosshead speed of 1 mm/minute until fracture in a precision universal testing device. The maximum loads at fracture were recorded in N. Weibull analysis was used to determine the characteristic strength and reliability. The fracture lines were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy at magnifications of x50 and x500. The elemental compositions were compared with energy dispersive spectroscopy. A 1-way ANOVA and Tukey post hoc test were used for statistical analysis (alpha=.05). Results. Significant differences in FL values were found among the groups (P<.001). Gr(DLP) had the lowest FL (821 +/- 160 N), while the highest FL belonged to the control group, followed by Gr(LCM) (1132 +/- 209 N). Weibull analysis showed Gr(DLP) had the highest reliability. Failure analysis indicated that there were fractures and cracks in the pontic region in all groups. Conclusions. Although the control group performed better, the FL values of monolithic zirconia restorations fabricated by using different additive manufacturing methods exceeded the clinically relevant threshold (790 N), demonstrating their suitability for posterior use.
The Effect of Atlantoaxial Stabilization on Juvenile Idiopathic Scoliosis Involving Chiari Malformation and Syrinx
(Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications, 2025) Emre, Sen Harun; Serkan, Simsek; Erkan, Kaptanoglu
Idiopathic scoliosis (IS) is frequently asSociated with Chiari malformation (CM) and syringomyelia, conditions thought to share a common underlying cause: Atlantoaxial instability. Atlantoaxial stabilization has recently emerged as a novel treatment option. A 4-year-old girl presented with progressive scoliosis (Cobb angle of 28.6 degrees), neck pain, CM, and syringomyelia. The patient was diagnosed with central or axial atlantoaxial instability and underwent C1-C2 fixation. Postoperatively, she experienced significant relief from neck pain. Follow-ups demonstrated progressive syrinx reduction, while X-rays revealed a Cobb angle decrease to 21 degrees in 18 months. This case highlights the potential of atlantoaxial stabilization to halt scoliosis progression in IS patients with CM and syringomyelia. Unlike traditional multisegmental stabilization, C1-C2 fixation offers a minimally invasive approach and preserves spinal mobility in growth-age patients. Atlantoaxial instability should be considered in IS cases with CM and syringomyelia. Atlantoaxial stabilization alone may provide effective treatment with favorable clinical and radiological outcomes.
Lost Axillary Markers After Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Breast Cancer Patients-Data from the Prospective International AXSANA (EUBREAST 3) Cohort Study (NCT04373655)
(Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2025) Hartmann, Steffi; Banys-Paluchowski, Maggie; Berger, Tomasz; Ditsch, Nina; Stickeler, Elmar; de Boniface, Jana; Kuehn, Thorsten
Introduction: Marking metastatic lymph nodes before neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) has become increasingly popular in the surgical treatment of breast cancer. A variety of devices are currently in use. However, the significance of lost markers is poorly understood, and their impact on clinical decisions is unclear. Materials and methods: Among participants enrolled in the prospective AXSANA cohort study, those planned for target lymph node biopsy (TLNB) or targeted axillary dissection (TAD) with completed post-NACT locoregional therapy (surgery and radiotherapy) by January 21, 2025, were included. Results: In 88 of 1528 patients (5.8 %), axillary markers could not successfully be removed during surgery after NACT. The lost marker rate differed depending on the marker type (metallic clip/coil 7.0 %, carbon 3.1 %, radar reflector 1.4 %, magnetic seed 0.6 %, radioactive seed 0.0 %, p < 0.001). Additional postoperative imaging was performed in 25 (28.4 %) and further surgery to remove axillary markers was performed in 6 (6.8 %) patients with lost markers. The proportion of patients undergoing axillary lymph node dissection (46.6 % versus 36.5 %, p 0.069) and axillary radiotherapy (51.1 % versus 50.2 %, p 0.748) did not differ between patients with and without lost markers. After an average follow-up of 21.8 months, axillary recurrences occurred in 3 patients (3.3 %) with and 16 patients (1.0 %) without lost markers (rate ratio 2.89, p 0.088). Conclusion: The loss of markers in TLNB/TAD is uncommon and significantly depends on the marking technique. Lost markers may lead to diagnostic uncertainties and additional imaging or surgical procedures.
Evaluating the Effects of Different Polishing Methods on Color Stability of Dental Restorations in Pediatric Dentistry
(Journal of Visualized Experiments, 2025) Aydin, Merve Nur; Sukur, Elif Yazan; Karaman, Gozde Ece; Kaya, Emine
The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of various polishing methods on the color stability of compomer and composite resin restorations used in anterior restorations within pediatric dentistry. One hundred and twenty disc-shaped specimens (8 mm diameter x 4 mm thickness) were prepared from A2 shade compomer and nanohybrid composite resin to assess color stability in four different polishing systems. Sixty specimens from each material were randomly distributed into five groups (n = 12) according to the polishing method used. Group 1: four-step aluminum oxide discs, Group 2: aluminum oxide discs and rubber kit, Group 3: aluminum oxide discs and felt discs, Group 4: aluminum oxide discs and spiral wheels, and Group 5: no polishing. The specimens were immersed in cherry juice solution for 7 days. The color changes (Delta E) for all materials were assessed using a spectrophotometer at baseline and after 7 days of staining. The collected data were analyzed with the Shapiro-Wilk test, along with the Mann-Whitney U test for comparing two independent groups and the Kruskal-Wallis test for comparing three or more independent groups. Post hoc Bonferroni Corrections were applied to identify the groups causing the differences. As a result of the analyses, statistically significant differences were determined between the staining measurements of the compomer and composite materials across the groups (p < 0.05). The highest level of discoloration for the compomer was in the control group. In conclusion, the selected polishing method influences the degree of discoloration in the compomer groups. In the composite group, polishing methods showed variable effects. Differences were found between the compomer and composite groups. Understanding these effects is crucial for maintaining the esthetic longevity of restorations in young patients.
Hypoimmunogenic Pluripotent Stem Cells: A Game-Changer in Cell-Based Regenerative Medicine
(Elsevier, 2025) Asadi-Sarabi, Pedram; Rismani, Elham; Shabanpouremam, Mahshid; Hendi, Zahra; Nikoubin, Behnaz; Rahimi, Saina; Vosough, Massoud
Hypoimmunogenic pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) represent a transformative innovation in regenerative medicine, offering solutions to the longstanding challenge of immune rejection in cell-based therapies. Through advanced gene-editing techniques, particularly CRISPR/Cas9, hPSCs are engineered to downregulate or eliminate the expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules while upregulating immunomodulatory proteins such as HLA-G, PD-L1, and CD47. These modifications enhance immune evasion and create the foundation for universal donor cells. Compared to conventional cell therapies that rely on lifelong immunosuppression, hPSC-based strategies offer safer, more sustainable, and patient-friendly solutions by minimizing the risks of infection, malignancy, and drug toxicity. Beyond immune compatibility, critical challenges persist, including the risk of tumorigenicity, off-target genetic alterations, and ethical considerations surrounding genome editing. Recent advances, such as the integration of suicide gene systems and sensitive monitoring assays, offer promising strategies to enhance the safety and functional stability of hPSC-derived therapies. This review comprehensively discusses the molecular engineering of hPSCs, their biomedical applications, safety strategies, ethical implications, and the evolving regulatory frameworks needed for clinical translation. By addressing both the scientific and Societal dimensions, hPSCs have the potential to revolutionize personalized and off-the-shelf regenerative treatments, provided that rigorous safeguards are implemented.

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