PubMed İndeksli Yayınlar Koleksiyonu / PubMed Indexed Publications Collection

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14517/21

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Comparison of the Overall Fit of Three-Unit Posterior Fixed Dental Prostheses Fabricated With Laser Sintering and Conventional Casting Methods
(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2025) Pekkan, G.; Degirmenci, K.; Tuna, S.H.; Hekimoğlu, C.; Saridag, S.
Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the marginal, internal, and occlusal discrepancies of three-unit posterior cobalt-chromium (Co-Cr) fixed dental prostheses (FDPs) produced using five different fabrication techniques. Materials and methods: Segmental maxillary models were prepared from polyamide material using a laser sintering method. The maxillary first premolar and first molar teeth were prepared to receive posterior FDPs. Direct metal laser sintering (DMLS) and selective laser melting (SLM) were used as two metal laser Co-Cr framework production systems. FDP specimen patterns were prepared by manual wax carving (Cast), 3D-printed polymer (3DP), and CAD/CAM wax and cast using the lost-wax technique as conventional methods. In total, 100 Co-Cr metal framework specimens were prepared for posterior FDPs (n = 20). The silicone replica technique was used to measure marginal, internal, and occlusal discrepancies of all frameworks. A stereomicroscope was employed to detect discrepancies at 100× magnification. The data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA (α = 0.05) and post hoc Bonferroni adjustment (α = 0.005) for pairwise comparisons. Results: There were no significant differences between the occlusal discrepancy values of premolar abutments of FDPs when compared with different fabrication methods (P > 0.05). The highest marginal discrepancy value was detected as 116.22 μm for molar abutment when the Cast method was used (P < 0.05). The highest occlusal discrepancy values were detected as 135.60 μm and 141.49 μm for molar abutments of posterior FDPs when the 3DP and Cast methods were used. The lowest marginal discrepancy value was detected as 38.94 μm for molar abutments when the DMLS method was used (P < 0.05). Conclusions: The DMLS method was more successful than other fabrication methods when fit values of abutment teeth for posterior frameworks were compared. Clinical relevance: The morphology of the abutment teeth and the fabrication techniques of FDPs migth affect the discrepancy values of FDPs planned. It was seen that the discrepancy values were lowest with the DMLS and SLM methods. Considering the results of this in-vitro study, DMLS and SLM techniques may be more appropriate option than the 3DP method, which starts with digital design and ends conventionally casting technique for posterior three-unit FDPs. © The Author(s) 2025.
Isolation and Characterization of New Lytic Bacteriophage Psa-Kc1 Against Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Isolates From Cystic Fibrosis Patients
(Nature Research, 2025) Kurt, K.C.; Kurt, H.; Tokuç, E.; Özbey, D.; Arabacı, D.N.; Aydın, S.; Tokman, H.B.
A novel lytic bacteriophage, PSA-KC1, was isolated from wastewater. In this study, the whole genome of the bacteriophage PSA-KC1 was analyzed, and its lytic properties were assessed. PSA-KC1 has a linear double-stranded DNA genome with a total length of 43,237 base pairs and a GC content of 53.6%. In total, 65 genes were predicted, 46 of which were assigned functions as structural proteins involved in genome replication, packaging or phage lysis. PSA-KC1 belongs to the genus Septimatrevirus under the Caudoviricetes class. The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of the lytic bacteriophage PSA-KC1 and compare it with that of the Pyophage phage cocktail on 25 multi drug resistant (MDR) Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains isolated from sputum samples of cystic fibrosis patients. Seventeen of these strains were susceptible (68%) to the PSA-KC1 lytic phage we isolated, whereas eight clinical strains were resistant. However, 22 (88%) of the P. aeruginosa strains were susceptible to the Pyophage cocktail, and three (12%) were resistant to the Phage cocktail. At the end of our study, a new lytic phage active against multidrug-resistant P. aeruginosa strains from CF patients was isolated, and its genome was characterized. Since the PSA-KC1 phage does not contain virulence factors, toxins or integrase genes, it can be expected to be a therapeutic candidate with the potential to be used safely in phage therapy. © The Author(s) 2025.
Assessment of Stiffness-Dependent Autophagosome Formation and Apoptosis in Embryonal Rhabdomyosarcoma Tumor Cells
(2025) Sezen, S.; Adiguzel, S.; Zarepour, A.; Khosravi, A.; Gordon, J.W.; Ghavami, S.; Zarrabi, A.
Remodeling of the extracellular matrix (ECM) eventually causes the stiffening of tumors and changes to the microenvironment. The stiffening alters the biological processes in cancer cells due to altered signaling through cell surface receptors. Autophagy, a key catabolic process in normal and cancer cells, is thought to be involved in mechano-transduction and the level of autophagy is probably stiffness-dependent. Here, we provide a methodology to study the effect of matrix stiffness on autophagy in embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma cells. To mimic stiffness, we seeded cells on GelMA hydrogel matrices with defined stiffness and evaluated autophagy-related endpoints. We also evaluated autophagy-dependent pathways, apoptosis, and cell viability. Specifically, we utilized immunocytochemistry and confocal microscopy to track autophagosome formation through LC3 lipidation. This approach suggests that the use of GelMA hydrogels with defined stiffness represents a novel method to evaluate the role of autophagy in embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma and other cancer cells. © 2024. Springer Science+Business Media, LLC.
Search for cp Violation in D0 → Ks0< Decays in Proton-Proton Collisions at √s=13tev
(Springer, 2024) Hayrapetyan, A.; Tumasyan, A.; Adam, W.; Andrejkovic, J. W.; Bergauer, T.; Chatterjee, S.; Zhokin, A.
A search is reported for charge-parity CP violation in D-0 -> (KSKS0)-K-0 decays, using data collected in proton-proton collisions at root s =13 TeV recorded by the CMS experiment in 2018. The analysis uses a dedicated data set that corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 41.6fb(-1), which consists of about 10 billion events containing a pair of b hadrons, nearly all of which decay to charm hadrons. The flavor of the neutral D meson is determined by the pion charge in the reconstructed decays D*(+) -> D-0 pi(+) and D*(-) -> (D) over bar (0)pi(-). The CP asymmetry in D-0 -> (KSKS0)-K-0 is measured to be A(CP)((KSKS0)-K-0) = (6.2 +/- 3.0 +/- 0.2 +/- 0.8)%, where the three uncertainties represent the statistical uncertainty, the systematic uncertainty, and the uncertainty in the measurement of the CP asymmetry in the D-0 -> K-S(0)pi(+)pi(-) decay. This is the first CP asymmetry measurement by CMS in the charm sector as well as the first to utilize a fully hadronic final state.
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Thyroid Cancer in Childhood Cancer Survivors: Demographic, Clinical, Germline Genetic Characteristics, Treatment, and Outcome
(Mdpi, 2025) Yildirim, Ulku Miray; Kebudi, Rejin; Celik, Ayca Iribas; Zulfikar, Buelent; Kebudi, Abut
Objective: Childhood cancer survival rates have improved, but survivors face an increased risk of second malignant neoplasms (SMNs), particularly thyroid cancer. This study examines the demographic, clinical, genetic, and treatment characteristics of childhood cancer survivors who developed thyroid cancer as a second or third malignancy, emphasizing the importance of long-term surveillance. Methods: A retrospective review was conducted for childhood cancer survivors treated between 1990 and 2018 who later developed thyroid cancer as a second or third malignancy. Data on demographics, clinical characteristics, treatment, and outcomes were analyzed. Results: Among the 3204 childhood cancer survivors, 10 patients (6 female, 4 male) developed papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC), a median of 9 years post-initial diagnosis. Radiation therapy, particularly to the head and neck, was commonly used. Genetic testing revealed mutations in the Cell Cycle CheckPoint Kinase 2 (CHEK2) and Adenomatous Polyposis Coli (APC) genes in four patients, possibly contributing to the increased risk. All were diagnosed through thyroid ultrasound and underwent total thyroidectomy, and three received radioactive iodine (RAI). No recurrences or deaths related to PTC occurred, with a median follow-up of 5.5 years after diagnosis. Conclusions: Radiation therapy, especially combined with chemotherapy, significantly increases the risk of thyroid cancer in childhood cancer survivors. Genetic predispositions also play a role. Lifelong thyroid cancer surveillance is essential, particularly for those who received radiation or chemotherapy. Further research is needed to refine surveillance strategies and better understand genetic factors that influence thyroid cancer risk. Early detection and ongoing monitoring are critical for improving long-term outcomes.
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Anionic Polysaccharides as Delivery Carriers for Cancer Therapy and Theranostics: an Overview of Significance
(Elsevier, 2025) Sivakumar, Ponnurengam Malliappan; Zarepour, Atefeh; Akhter, Sohail; Perumal, Govindaraj; Khosravi, Arezoo; Balasekar, Premkumar; Zarrabi, Ali
Recently, cancer therapy has witnessed remarkable advancements with a growing focus on precision medicine and targeted drug delivery strategies. The application of anionic polysaccharides has gained traction in various drug delivery systems. Anionic polysaccharides have emerged as promising delivery carriers in cancer therapy and theranostics, offering numerous advantages such as biocompatibility, low toxicity, and the ability to encapsulate and deliver therapeutic agents to tumor sites with high specificity. This review underscores the significance of anionic polysaccharides as essential components of the evolving landscape of cancer therapy and theranostics. These polymers can be tailored to carry a wide range of therapeutic cargo, including chemotherapeutic agents, nucleic acids, and imaging agents. Their negative charge enables electrostatic interactions with positively charged drugs and facilitates the formation of stable nanoparticles, liposomes, or hydrogels for controlled drug release. Additionally, their hydrophilic nature aids in prolonging circulation time, reducing drug degradation, and minimizing off-target effects. Besides, some of them could act as targeting agents or therapeutic compounds that lead to improved therapeutic performance. This review offers valuable information for researchers, clinicians, and biomedical engineers. It provides insights into the recent progress in the applications of anionic polysaccharide-based delivery platforms in cancer theranostics to transform patient outcomes.
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Demographic Features, Clinical Characteristics, and Comorbid Relation in Hidradenitis Suppurativa: a Population-Based Study
(Frontiers Media Sa, 2025) Kaya, Gokhan; Ozgen, Fatma Pelin; Kelahmetoglu, Osman; Kucuk, Ozlem Su; Onsun, Nahide
Background/objective Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic inflammatory disease affecting apocrine gland areas, characterized by painful nodules and abscesses that may result in sinus tracts and scarring. The global prevalence of HS is increasing due to heightened awareness, improved diagnostic methods, rising obesity rates, and higher smoking prevalence. This study aimed to describe the epidemiological, clinical, and comorbid characteristics of HS patients.Methodology This retrospective descriptive cross-sectional study included 193 outpatients aged between 15 and 73 years who visited a tertiary HS clinic between 2017 and 2022. Demographic, clinical, and comorbid characteristics were recorded and analyzed using chi-square and ordinal regression methods.Results The mean age was 34.5 +/- 12.1 years, with a mean disease duration of 5.9 +/- 6.7 years. According to the Hurley classification, 61.1, 24.4, and 14.5% were stages I, II, and III, respectively. Comorbidities were present in 48.2% of patients, with psychiatric disorders (19.2%), diabetes mellitus (14%), and hypertension (9.3%) being most common. Disease duration, smoking, male gender, and atypical localization were associated with increased disease severity.Conclusion Geographic and cultural factors influence the prevalence, severity, and management of HS, necessitating tailored treatment. Effective management requires multidisciplinary screening for early detection and prevention of comorbidities, including psychiatric disorders, cardiovascular conditions, and metabolic syndrome.
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The Safety and Efficacy of Robotic Radiosurgery and Radiotherapy in the Management of Skull Base Tumors: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
(Springer, 2025) Javadnia, Parisa; Bahadori, Amir Reza; Ghanaatpisheh, Aref; Dahaghin, Saba; Rajabi, Mohammad; Davari, Afshan; Tafakhori, Abbas
Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) and radiotherapy (SRT) have gained prominence as both adjuvant and primary treatment options for patients with skull base tumors that are either inoperable or present as residual or recurrent lesions post-surgery. The object of the current study is to evaluate the safety and efficacy of robotic-assisted SRS and SRT across various skull base pathologies. The study was conducted under PRISMA guidelines and involved a comprehensive evaluation of databases, including PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Web-of-Science, and the Cochrane Library. The data collection period was extended up to 30 September. Statistical analyses were executed using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software. Furthermore, Cochran's Q test assessed statistical heterogeneity within the findings. From an initial pool of 1,792 articles, 69 studies were included in the systematic review, with 60 qualifying for meta-analysis, encompassing 3,046 participants. Meta-analysis revealed tumor control rates were significantly enhanced with the use of CyberKnife (95% CI: 0.901-0.928, p < 0.001) and robotic Gamma Knife radiosurgery (GKRS) (95% CI: 0.897-0.959, p < 0.001). Meningiomas and schwannomas exhibited higher treatment responsiveness (ES: 0.960 and 0.949, respectively), whereas chordomas displayed lower responsiveness (ES: 0.743). The overall major adverse event rate was between 5.6% and 8.3% (95% CI: 0.056-0.083, p < 0.001). Adverse events exhibited a higher incidence in patients with adenomas (95% CI: 0.122-0.217, p < 0.001), while they were least prevalent in those with schwannomas (95% CI: 0.019-0.041, p < 0.001). Robotic SRS and SRT, employing both gamma-knife and cyber-knife, have demonstrated promising outcomes characterized by high efficacy and safety in managing various skull base tumors.
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Dentoalveolar and Skeletal Effects of an Anterior Open Bite Treatment Protocol Using Zygomatic Anchorage
(Wiley, 2025) Acar, Yasemin Bahar; Ozbilen, Elvan Onem; Yildirim, Gamze; Kahraman, Dilara; Tozlu, Murat; Erverdi, Ahmet Nejat
ObjectivePrimary aim was to analyse dentoalveolar and skeletal effects induced by an anterior open bite (AOB) treatment protocol for intrusion of maxillary buccal segment. Secondary aim was to investigate whether a subsequent change occurred in hyoid position.Materials and MethodsStudy group included 28 non-growing subjects treated in academic setting for correction of AOB. All patients received same appliance that included bilateral acrylic bite-blocks covering posterior dentition. Intrusive force was applied between buccal bars of appliance and zygomatic multipurpose implants. Lateral cephalograms taken at pre-treatment (T0) and after intrusion (T1) were analysed using NemoCeph software. Eight skeletal, 9 dental, 6 soft tissue and 5 hyoid parameters were measured and evaluated statistically.ResultsMean open bite was -3.2 +/- 2.1 mm at T0. T1-T0 duration was 9.6 +/- 1.9 months. Increase in SNB (1.1 degrees +/- 2.1 degrees) and the decrease in ANB (-1.1 degrees +/- 1.3 degrees), Y-axis (-0.5 degrees +/- 3.5 degrees), SN-GoGn (-2.0 degrees +/- -2.5 degrees) and lower facial height (-1.4 +/- 2.1 mm) were significant, indicating mandibular counter-clockwise rotation. Overjet and open bite decreased significantly (-1.8 +/- 2.3 mm and 4.2 +/- 2.1 mm, respectively). Maxillary molars intruded (U6-PP: -3.1 +/- 1.3 mm) and distalised (Delta U6-TVL: -1.5 +/- 2.7 mm) significantly. Mean change in L6-MP was significant (0.9 +/- 1.4 mm) showing mandibular molar eruption. Lower lip-true vertical line (TVL) showed significant forward movement of lower lip (-1.8 +/- 2.3 mm). Mean changes in hyoid parameters were not significant.ConclusionSignificant maxillary buccal segment intrusion was achieved in a relatively short period. AOB was corrected while facial profile and smile aesthetics were improved. Distalisation of maxillary molar suggests that intrusive force vector can be modified to achieve simultaneous intrusion and distalisation.
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Prepubertal Phthalate Exposure Can Cause Histopathological Alterations, Dna Methylation and Histone Acetylation Changes in Rat Brain
(Sage Publications inc, 2025) Koc, Seyda; Erdogmus, Ekin; Bozdemir, Ozlem; Ozkan-Vardar, Deniz; Yaman, Unzile; Erkekoglu, Pinar; Kocer-Gumusel, Belma
Di-2-(ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) is a phthalate derivative used extensively in a wide range of materials, such as medical devices, toys, cosmetics, and personal care products. Many mechanisms, including epigenetics, may be involved in the effects of phthalates on brain development. In this study, Sprague-Dawley male rats were obtained 21-23 days after their birth (post-weaning) and were exposed to DEHP during the prepubertal period with low-dose DEHP (DEHP-L, 30 mg/kg/day) and high-dose DEHP (DEHP-H, 60 mg/kg/day, 37 days) until the end of adolescence (PND 60). The rats in the study groups were sacrificed during adulthood, and histopathological changes, epigenetic changes, and oxidative stress parameters were evaluated in brain tissues. Histopathological findings indicating the presence of deterioration in brain tissue morphology were obtained, more prominently in the DEHP-H group. Examining the hippocampus under the light microscope, pyramidal neuron loss was detected only in CA1 of the DEHP-L group, while in DEHP-H rats, pyramidal neuron losses were detected in the CA1, CA2, and CA3 regions. No significant change was observed in brain lipid peroxidation levels with DEHP compared to control. Significant increases in total glutathione (GSH) in both dose groups were considered to be an adaptive response to DEHP-induced oxidative stress. The decrease in DNA methylation in the brain, although not statistically significant, and the increase in histone modification showed that exposure to DEHP may cause epigenetic changes in the brain and these epigenetic changes may also take place as one of the mechanisms underlying the damage observed in the brain. The results suggest that DEHP exposure during early development may have a significant effect on brain development.
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The State of the Art in Anti-Aging: Plant-Based Phytochemicals for Skin Care
(BioMed Central Ltd, 2025) Tomas, M.; Günal-Köroğlu, D.; Kamiloglu, S.; Ozdal, T.; Capanoglu, E.
Phytochemicals help mitigate skin aging by scavenging free radicals, modulating key enzymatic pathways, and promoting the skin’s structural integrity. Carotenoids, vitamins, essential fatty acids, and phenolic compounds work by acting as antioxidants, inhibiting enzymes like hyaluronidase, collagenase, and elastase, which degrade skin structure, and reducing levels of inflammatory markers (IL-6, IL-8, etc.) and matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-1, MMP-2) linked to aging. Recent research highlights that plant-based phytochemicals can improve skin elasticity, reduce hyperpigmentation, prevent the breakdown of important skin proteins, and support wound healing, making them valuable components for skin care and treatments. This review explores the multifaceted roles of phytochemicals in maintaining and improving skin health, highlighting their mechanisms of action and potential in skin anti-aging innovations. © The Author(s) 2025.
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C-flip/Ku70 Complex; a Potential Molecular Target for Apoptosis Induction in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
(Elsevier Science inc, 2025) Haghir-Sharif-Zamini, Yasamin; Khosravi, Arezoo; Hassan, Moustapha; Zarrabi, Ali; Vosough, Massoud
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most lethal malignancies worldwide and the most common form of liver cancer. Despite global efforts toward early diagnosis and effective treatments, HCC is often diagnosed at advanced stages, where conventional therapies frequently lead to resistance and/or high recurrence rates. Therefore, novel biomarkers and promising medications are urgently required. Epi-drugs, or epigenetic-based medicines, have recently emerged as a promising therapeutic modality. Since the epigenome of the cancer cells is always dysregulated and this is followed by apoptosis-resistance, reprogramming the epigenome of cancer cells by epi-drugs (such as HDAC inhibitors (HDACis), and DNMT inhibitors (DNMTis)) could be an alternative approach to use in concert with established treatment protocols. C-FLIP, an anti-apoptotic protein, and Ku70, a member of the DNA repair system, bind together and make a cytoplasmic complex in certain cancers and induce resistance to apoptosis. Many epi-drugs, such as HDACis, can dissociate this complex through Ku70 acetylation and activate cellular apoptosis. The novel compounds for dissociating this complex could provide an innovative insight into molecular targeted HCC treatments. In this review, we address the innovative therapeutic potential of targeting c-FLIP/Ku70 complex by epi-drugs, particularly HDACis, to overcome apoptosis resistance of HCC cells. This review will cover the mechanisms by which the c-FLIP/Ku70 complex facilitates cancer cell survival, the impact of epigenetic alterations on the complex dissociation, and highlight HDACis potential in combination therapies, biomarker developments and mechanistic overviews. This review highlights c-FLIP ubiquitination and Ku70 acetylation levels as diagnostic and prognostic tools in HCC management.
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Effect of Deep Brain Stimulation on the Severity of Seizures and the Quality of Life in Patients With Multifocal Drug-Resistant Epilepsy in Iran: a Pilot Review of Local Experience
(Elsevier Science inc, 2025) Bahadori, Amir Reza; Javadnia, Parisa; Davari, Afshan; Shafiee, Sajad; Ranji, Sara; Sheikhvatan, Mehrdad; Tafakhori, Abbas
This study investigates the impact of the anterior nucleus of the thalamus deep brain stimulation (ANT-DBS) on patients with drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE) in Iran, specifically focusing on its effects on seizure metrics, severity and its influence on quality of life over time. A cohort of eight patients with DRE in Iran who underwent ANTDBS was evaluated. Pre-operative assessments included comprehensive documentation of seizure frequency, duration, severity scores, and the Quality of Life in Epilepsy Inventory (QOLIE-13). Each patient also underwent high-resolution imaging using a 1.5 Tesla MRI, with targeted electrode placement in the anterior thalamic area. Post-operative evaluations measured changes in seizure frequency, severity scores, duration, and quality of life indicators. All subjects presented with DRE, and the mean age of participants was 24.62 years. Post-operative data revealed significantly reduced seizure frequency, duration, and severity scores. Notably, this reduction was more pronounced at the 6-month follow-up than the 3-month assessment, indicating a progressive therapeutic effect. All patients demonstrated a response to ANT-DBS, with two individuals achieving seizure freedom. Additionally, there was a marked improvement in quality of life, particularly in the domains of energy/fatigue and social functioning. ANT-DBS has been established as a promising and safe therapeutic intervention for patients with DRE. In a cohort of DRE patients in Iran, the treatment demonstrated comparable efficacy in decreasing seizure frequency and severity and enhancing self-reported quality of life, consistent with findings reported in the existing literature. The therapeutic benefits of ANT-DBS appear to augment over time.
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Carbon-Based Nanozymes for Cancer Therapy and Diagnosis: a Review
(Elsevier, 2025) Cordani, Marco; Fernandez-Lucas, Jesus; Khosravi, Arezoo; Zare, Ehsan Nazarzadeh; Makvandi, Pooyan; Zarrabi, Ali; Iravani, Siavash
Carbon-based nanozymes (CNs) have emerged as a significant innovation in targeted cancer therapy, demonstrating great potential for advancing cancer diagnosis and treatment. With exceptional catalytic properties, remarkable biocompatibility, and the ability to precisely target cancer cells, CNs provide a promising avenue for the development of novel oncological therapies. By functionalizing their surfaces with targeting ligands, such as antibodies or peptides, CNs can specifically recognize and bind to cancer cells. This targeted approach ensures that therapeutic agents are delivered directly to the tumor site, minimizing off-target effects, and reducing systemic toxicity. Additionally, the enzyme-like activities of CNs, when combined with conventional therapies such as chemotherapeutics, photothermal therapy, and photodynamic therapy, or other modalities can enhance therapeutic outcomes. Integrating CNs into clinical practice could significantly improve therapeutic efficacy, reduce probable side effects, enhance patient outcomes, and drive a shift towards more personalized cancer care. Besides, CNs can also be employed in biosensors and diagnostic nanomaterials, enabling rapid, selective, and highly accurate detection of specific biomarkers. Their versatile functionalities open new avenues for refining imaging techniques, ultimately contributing to early diagnosis and better clinical decision-making. This review consolidates recent studies exploring CNs in cancer targeting, highlighting both their diagnostic and therapeutic potential in oncology.
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Innovative Applications of Mxenes in Dialysis: Enhancing Filtration Efficiency
(Royal Soc Chemistry, 2024) Javaherchi, Pouya; Zarepour, Atefeh; Khosravi, Arezoo; Heydari, Parisa; Iravani, Siavash; Zarrabi, Ali
MXenes, a family of two-dimensional transition metal carbides and nitrides, exhibit exceptional properties such as high electrical conductivity, large surface area, and chemical versatility, making them ideal candidates for various dialysis applications. One prominent application of MXenes lies in the efficient removal of toxic metals and harmful dyes from wastewater. Their unique structure allows for rapid adsorption and selective separation, significantly improving purification processes. MXenes show great promise in the therapeutic management of acute kidney injury, where their biocompatibility and ability to facilitate toxin removal can mitigate damage to renal tissues. In hemodialysis, MXenes can enhance membrane performance through improved permeability and selectivity, leading to more effective clearance of waste products. Despite the potential of MXene-based composites in dialysis applications, several challenges loom large on the horizon. The stability of MXenes in physiological environments is a critical concern, as they can undergo oxidation or degradation, which may compromise their functionality over time. The scalability of synthesis processes remains a significant barrier; producing high-quality MXene materials in sufficient quantities for clinical use is not yet fully realized. Moreover, ensuring biocompatibility is paramount, as any adverse reactions could lead to inflammation or other complications in patients. The integration of MXenes into existing dialysis systems requires meticulous engineering to maintain optimal filtration properties while avoiding clogging or fouling. The future of MXenes and their composites in dialysis presents a promising horizon, teeming with potential innovations. The development of hybrid materials that utilize MXenes alongside other nanomaterials can lead to multifunctional systems, capable of addressing multiple challenges faced in dialysis treatments. Advancements in fabrication techniques may allow for tailored porosity, enabling customized dialysis solutions for individual patients. Research into surface modifications and composites can enhance their stability and functionality, potentially overcoming current limitations. The purpose of this review is to provide a comprehensive understanding of the current landscape of MXenes in dialysis, highlighting their applications, challenges, and future directions. This review explores the diverse applications of MXenes in the field of dialysis, focusing on their roles in the removal of toxic metals and dyes, therapy for acute kidney injury, and hemodialysis enhancement.
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Observation of Quantum Entanglement in Top Quark Pair Production in Proton-Proton Collisions at √s=13 Tev
(Iop Publishing Ltd, 2024) Hayrapetyan, A.; Tumasyan, A.; Adam, W.; Andrejkovic, J. W.; Bergauer, T.; Chatterjee, S.; Zhokin, A.
Entanglement is an intrinsic property of quantum mechanics and is predicted to be exhibited in the particles produced at the Large Hadron Collider. A measurement of the extent of entanglement in top quark-antiquark (t (t) over bar) events produced in proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV is performed with the data recorded by the CMS experiment at the CERN LHC in 2016, and corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 36.3 fb(-1). The events are selected based on the presence of two leptons with opposite charges and high transverse momentum. An entanglement-sensitive observable D is derived from the top quark spin-dependent parts of the t (t) over bar production density matrix and measured in the region of the t (t) over bar production threshold. Values of D < -1/3 are evidence of entanglement and D is observed (expected) to be -0.480(-0.029)(+0.026) (-0.467(-0.029)(+0.026)) at the parton level. With an observed significance of 5.1 standard deviations with respect to the non-entangled hypothesis, this provides observation of quantum mechanical entanglement within t (t) over bar pairs in this phase space. This measurement provides a new probe of quantum mechanics at the highest energies ever produced.
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Anatomical and Morphometric Features of the Profunda Brachii Artery
(Medrang, 2024) Sanliturk, Yuesra Nur; Zeybek, Nursen; Gayretli, Ozcan; Ozturk, Adnan
When the literature is examined, studies evaluating the profunda brachii artery (PBA) are limited as most studies only investigate the artery's origin. In 44 upper extremities belonging to 24 human anatomical specimens, single and double PBAs were observed in 39 and five cases, respectively. In cases with a single PBA, the origin was the brachial artery (BA) in 35 cases and the posterior circumflex humeral artery in four cases. In cases with double PBAs, the artery's origin was the BA. Morphometric measurements of single and double arteries originating from the first branch BA were evaluated separately and compared according to sex and side. Our study, in which the PBA was examined morphologically and morphometrically, contributes to the literature anatomically and radiologically in treating humerus fractures and lateral arm-flap applications by surgeons.
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Search for the z Boson Decay To Ττμμ in Proton-Proton Collisions at √s=13 Tev
(Amer Physical Soc, 2024) Hayrapetyan, A.; Tumasyan, A.; Adam, W.; Andrejkovic, J. W.; Benato, L.; Bergauer, T.; Druzhkin, D.
The first search for the Z boson decay to tau tau mu mu at the CERN LHC is presented, based on data collected by the CMS experiment at the LHC in proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV and corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 138 fb(-1). The data are compatible with the predicted background. For the first time, an upper limit at the 95% confidence level of 6.9 times the standard model expectation is placed on the ratio of the Z -> tau tau mu mu to Z -> 4 mu branching fractions. Limits are also placed on the six flavor-conserving four-lepton effective-field-theory operators involving two muons and two tau leptons, for the first time testing all such operators.
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Search for Soft Unclustered Energy Patterns in Proton-Proton Collisions at 13 Tev
(American Physical Society, 2024) Hayrapetyan, A.; Tumasyan, A.; Adam, W.; Andrejkovic, J.W.; Bergauer, T.; Chatterjee, S.; Alvarez Gonzalez, B.
The first search for soft unclustered energy patterns (SUEPs) is performed using an integrated luminosity of Formula Presented of proton-proton collision data at Formula Presented, collected in 2016-2018 by the CMS detector at the LHC. Such SUEPs are predicted by hidden valley models with a new, confining force with a large ’t Hooft coupling. In events with boosted topologies, selected by high-threshold hadronic triggers, the multiplicity and sphericity of clustered tracks are used to reject the background from standard model quantum chromodynamics. With no observed excess of events over the standard model expectation, limits are set on the cross section for production via gluon fusion of a scalar mediator with SUEP-like decays. © 2024 CERN, for the CMS Collaboration.
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Searches for Pair-Produced Multijet Resonances Using Data Scouting in Proton-Proton Collisions at Formula Presented
(American Physical Society, 2024) Hayrapetyan, A.; Tumasyan, A.; Adam, W.; Andrejkovic, J.W.; Bergauer, T.; Chatterjee, S.; de Trocóniz, J.F.
Searches for pair-produced multijet signatures using data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of Formula Presented of proton-proton collisions at Formula Presented are presented. A data scouting technique is employed to record events with low jet scalar transverse momentum sum values. The electroweak production of particles predicted in Formula Presented-parity violating supersymmetric models is probed for the first time with fully hadronic final states. This is the first search for prompt hadronically decaying mass-degenerate higgsinos, and extends current exclusions on Formula Presented-parity violating top squarks and gluinos. © 2024 CERN, for the CMS Collaboration.

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