Dijital bankacılık uygulamalarının bankaların finansal performansı ve çalışan sayısı üzerine etkileri
Abstract
1980'li yılların sonlarına doğru bankalar teknolojiyi yoğun olarak kullanmaya başlamışlardır. Teknoloji sadece müşterilere sunulan ürünlerde değil, ürünlerin tanıtım/pazarlama, satışında da kullanılmış ve halen de kullanılmaktadır. Gelişen teknoloji ile birlikte müşteriye ulaşmak kolaylaşmış ve yapılan işlemlerde hız artmıştır. Bankaların teknolojiyi müşterileri ile buluşturması, varlıklarını devam ettirebilmeleri için zorunluluk haline gelmiştir. Teknolojinin gelişmesiyle birlikte ticari bankacılık alanında faaliyet gösteren bankalar altyapılarını geliştirmeye, müşterilerin şubeye gelmeden işlemlerini alternatif kanallardan yapmalarını sağlamaya çalışmaktadır. Gerek mevcut dijital bankacılık ürünlerinin geliştirilmesi gerekse yeni ürünler oluşturulması ile ilgili rekabet bütün hızıyla devam etmektedir. Kaynakların kıtlığı ve kâr hedefleri gözönünde bulundurulduğunda bankalar, veri havuzunda biriken verileri, insan davranışlarını ve karar süreçlerini doğru tahmin ederek, müşteri ihtiyaçlarına cevap verecek ürün ve hizmetleri sağlayacak şekilde kullanmalı, konusunda uzman, tecrübeli, analiz yeteneği olan insanları çalıştırmalı, uygun ürünleri olabildiğince az maliyetle ortaya çıkarmalıdır. Bu çalışmada, dijital bankacılık uygulamalarının/ürünlerinin bankaların finansal performansı ve çalışan sayısı üzerindeki etkisi incelenmiştir. Bankaların finansal performans kriteri olarak ROAA (Ortalama Aktif Kârlılığı), ROAE (Ortalama Özkaynak Kârlılığı), NIM (Net Faiz Marjı), ayrıca diğer bir performans kriteri olan EMPLYMNT (Çalışan Sayısı) dikkate alınmıştır. Zaman serisi analizi için 2020 yılsonu itibariyle Türkiye'de faaliyet gösteren bankaların tamamı için 2006-2020 yılları, panel veri analizi için ise 2020 yılsonu itibariyle Türkiye'de faaliyet gösteren ve aktif kârlılığına göre ilk 10 sırada yer alan bankaların 2006-2020 yıllarına ait verileri incelenmiştir. Bağımlı ve bağımsız değişkenler tespit edilmiş ve Stata programı kullanılarak zaman serisi veri seti ve panel veri seti analizi ile modeller oluşturulmuştur. Bu modeller ile elde edilen sonuçlar yorumlanarak, dijital bankacılık uygulamalarının/ürünlerinin bankaların finansal performansı ve çalışan sayısına etkisinin olup olmadığı, var ise bu etkinin yönünün ve şiddetinin ne olduğu analiz edilmiştir.
Towards the end of the 1980s, banks began to use technology intensively. Technology has been used not only in the products which are offered to the customers, but also in the promotion/marketing, sales of the products, and it is still used. With the developing technology, reaching the customer has become easier and the speed of the transactions has increased. It has become a necessity for banks to bring technology together with their customers to maintain their existence. With the development of technology, banks which are operating in the field of commercial banking try to improve their infrastructure and ensure that customers can make their transactions through alternative channels without coming to the branch. Competition about both the development of the current digital banking products and creation of the new products continues at full speed. Considering the scarcity of resources and profit targets, banks should use the data accumulated in the data pool in a way that will provide products and services that will answer customer needs by accurately predicting human behavior and decision processes, they should employ people who are experts in their fields, experienced and have the ability to analyze, and they should reveal the appropriate products at as low cost as possible. In this study, the effect of digital banking applications/produtcs on the financial performance and number of employees of banks has been examined. ROAA (Return on Average Assets), ROAE (Return on Average Equity), NIM (Net Interest Margin) and also EMPLYMNT (Number of Employees) have been taken into account as performance criterion of banks. For the time series analysis, as of the end of 2020, the datas for the years 2006-2020 of all banks operating in turkey have examined and for the panel data analysis, as of the end of 2020, the datas for the years 2006-2020 of the banks which are operating in Turkey and ranked in the top 10 according to their return on assets, have been examined. Dependent and independent variables have been determined and by using the Stata program, models have been created with time series data set and panel data set analysis. By interpreting the results obtained with this models, it has been analyzed whether digital banking applications/products have an effect on the financial performance and the number of employees of the banks, and if so, what is the direction and severity of this effect.
Towards the end of the 1980s, banks began to use technology intensively. Technology has been used not only in the products which are offered to the customers, but also in the promotion/marketing, sales of the products, and it is still used. With the developing technology, reaching the customer has become easier and the speed of the transactions has increased. It has become a necessity for banks to bring technology together with their customers to maintain their existence. With the development of technology, banks which are operating in the field of commercial banking try to improve their infrastructure and ensure that customers can make their transactions through alternative channels without coming to the branch. Competition about both the development of the current digital banking products and creation of the new products continues at full speed. Considering the scarcity of resources and profit targets, banks should use the data accumulated in the data pool in a way that will provide products and services that will answer customer needs by accurately predicting human behavior and decision processes, they should employ people who are experts in their fields, experienced and have the ability to analyze, and they should reveal the appropriate products at as low cost as possible. In this study, the effect of digital banking applications/produtcs on the financial performance and number of employees of banks has been examined. ROAA (Return on Average Assets), ROAE (Return on Average Equity), NIM (Net Interest Margin) and also EMPLYMNT (Number of Employees) have been taken into account as performance criterion of banks. For the time series analysis, as of the end of 2020, the datas for the years 2006-2020 of all banks operating in turkey have examined and for the panel data analysis, as of the end of 2020, the datas for the years 2006-2020 of the banks which are operating in Turkey and ranked in the top 10 according to their return on assets, have been examined. Dependent and independent variables have been determined and by using the Stata program, models have been created with time series data set and panel data set analysis. By interpreting the results obtained with this models, it has been analyzed whether digital banking applications/products have an effect on the financial performance and the number of employees of the banks, and if so, what is the direction and severity of this effect.
Description
Keywords
Bankacılık, Banking