Kentsel dönüşümde alternatif finansman arayışları: Yeni bir model olarak: Yeşil binalardan sağlanan enerji verimliliği
Abstract
Türkiye açısından kentsel dönüşüm uygulamaları, politikaları, kentsel dönüşüm mevzuatı ele alınarak güncel durumda kentsel dönüşümde bundan sonra izlenmesi gereken süreç incelenmiştir. İnceleme kapsamında: Türkiye açısından artık geleneksel finansman modelleri olarak adlandırabileceğimiz; Kat Karşılığı Modeli ,Kat Malikleri Ödemeli (Taahhüt) Model ve Hibrit Modeller detaylı şekilde analiz edilmiştir. Bugüne kadarki Kentsel Dönüşüm Projeleri, kat maliklerine herhangi bir finansal yük getirmeksizin ilerlenen 'imar artışı olan' bölgelerde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Ancak ,bu yöntemin sürdürülebilir olmadığı gözlemi çalışma içerisinde temellendirilmiştir. Gelecekte uygulanacak kentsel dönüşüm finansman modelleri için , imar artışı olmayan veya kısıtlı imar artışı olan bölgelerde ilerlenecek olan kentsel dönüşümde 'Kat Malikleri Ödemeli (Taahhüt) ve Hibrit Finansman Modelleri' ile ilerlenmesi gerekliliği ortaya konulmuştur. Ayrıca , kentsel dönüşüme tabi olan eski, çürüyen yapıların yeni binalara dönüştürülmesi sonrasında, enerji verimliliğinden ortaya çıkacak tasarruf başlıca bir finansman modeli olarak değerlendirilmiştir. Ortaya konulan modelin tasarrufa dayalı bir model olması , enerjide dışa bağımlılığının etkisi ile birlikte düşünüldüğünde , cari açığı azalmasına da ciddi katkı sağlamaktadır. Bununla birlikte, kentsel dönüşüm sürecinde yeşil binaların başlıca bir finansman modeli olarak ele alınmasının karbon salınımını azaltıcı etkisi, karbon ayak izimizi küçültmeye yapacağı katkı sağlıklı ve sürdürülebilir bir çevrede yaşama imkanlarını arttırdığı ortaya konulmuştur.
Turkey, which is in the earthquake zone, has experienced many earthquakes in the past. In such earthquakes so far, not only tens of thousands of citizens have died but it also caused a billions of dollars which can be described as financial & material loss . On the other hand, the earthquake is not the only reason for death of citizens, unfortunately the main reason is the risky buildings in which people live.The total number of residences in our country is approximately 35 million and it is known that approximately 7.5 million of those houses are not ready for an earthquake risk. These buildings should be demolished as soon as possible in order to save the people living in those building for an earthquake disaster risk . In addition to that, the new buildings should be built with fully fulfilled requirements to maximum resistance to an earthquake and also these new residential areas with newly built buildings should cover the social & environmental needs of the people such as parks, social facilities units, schools etc . and consume less energy considering better isolation compared to the existing poor quality houses. The households having no zoning increase or limited zoning increase are in need of financial solutions for the regeneration process. There are two models proposed in the thesis and analysed with the real life examples .One of the model is called 'Hybrid Model' in which partial financing by households & construction companies and the other one is '% 100 financed' by households .In these two models, all the construction costs are provided at the very beginning of the project and the construction companies can reach the payment via progress reports of independent appraisal companies under a bank control in order to ensure the trust between the households & the construction companies and to sustain the project to be accomplished.Moreover, the new houses might be called as ' green houses' since they consume less energy due to their better isolation system. This important benefit should also be taken into consideration for the urban renewal projects and sustain environment friendly constructions..
Turkey, which is in the earthquake zone, has experienced many earthquakes in the past. In such earthquakes so far, not only tens of thousands of citizens have died but it also caused a billions of dollars which can be described as financial & material loss . On the other hand, the earthquake is not the only reason for death of citizens, unfortunately the main reason is the risky buildings in which people live.The total number of residences in our country is approximately 35 million and it is known that approximately 7.5 million of those houses are not ready for an earthquake risk. These buildings should be demolished as soon as possible in order to save the people living in those building for an earthquake disaster risk . In addition to that, the new buildings should be built with fully fulfilled requirements to maximum resistance to an earthquake and also these new residential areas with newly built buildings should cover the social & environmental needs of the people such as parks, social facilities units, schools etc . and consume less energy considering better isolation compared to the existing poor quality houses. The households having no zoning increase or limited zoning increase are in need of financial solutions for the regeneration process. There are two models proposed in the thesis and analysed with the real life examples .One of the model is called 'Hybrid Model' in which partial financing by households & construction companies and the other one is '% 100 financed' by households .In these two models, all the construction costs are provided at the very beginning of the project and the construction companies can reach the payment via progress reports of independent appraisal companies under a bank control in order to ensure the trust between the households & the construction companies and to sustain the project to be accomplished.Moreover, the new houses might be called as ' green houses' since they consume less energy due to their better isolation system. This important benefit should also be taken into consideration for the urban renewal projects and sustain environment friendly constructions..
Description
Keywords
Bankacılık, İşletme, Enerji verimliliği, Finansman yöntemleri, Banking, Kentsel dönüşüm, Business Administration, Energy efficiency, Sürdürülebilirlik, Financing methods, Urban transformation, Yeşil yapı, Sustainability, Yeşil ürün, Green building, Green product, İpotek, Mortgage