İrritabl bağırsak sendromu olan bireylere uygulanan laktozsuz-glutensiz ve FODMAP diyetlerinin hastalığın klinik seyri üzerine etkisi
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2022
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Abstract
İrritabl bağırsak sendromu (İBS), kronik karın ağrısı, düzensiz bağırsak alışkanlıkları, şişkinlik ve ağrı ile karakterize, patofizyolojisi bilinmeyen fonksiyonel bir bağırsak hastalığıdır. Bu araştırma, Cerrahpaşa Tıp Fakültesi Gastroenteroloji Polikliniği'nde irritabl bağırsak sendromu tanısı almış 72 bireye uygulanan düşük FODMAP diyeti ve laktozsuz- glutensiz diyet tedavilerinin uygulama sıralarına göre hastaların semptomları ve anksiyete- depresyon durumları üzerine etkilerinin değerlendirilmesi amacıyla planlanıp yürütülmüştür. Bireyler düşük FODMAP diyet grubu ve laktozsuz- glutensiz diyet grubu olmak üzere iki gruba ayrılarak 4 hafta boyunca takip edilmiştir. Diyet periyotları arasında 7 günlük ara verilmiş ve bireyler diyet programlarından önce uyguladıkları beslenme alışkanlıklarını sürdürmeye devam etmiştir. İkinci aşamada ise; gruplar arası çaprazlama yapılarak bireyler 4 hafta boyunca takip edilmiştir. Her diyet tedavisi öncesi ve sonrasında bireylere Hastane Anksiyete ve Depresyon Ölçeği (HADÖ), İBS Semptom Şiddet Skoru, Gastrointestinal Semptom Derecelendirme Ölçeği (GSDÖ) uygulanmış, antropometrik ölçümleri alınmış ve biyokimyasal bulguları incelenmiştir. Bireylerin ağırlık değişimi LG-FODMAP grubunda başlangıçta 72,96±11,76 iken 4. hafta 70,65±11,36'ya, 9. hafta ise 68,60±10,99'a düşmüş olup FODMAP- LG grubunda ise 72,73±11,79'dan 4. hafta 70,17±11,25'e ve 9. hafta 67,94±10,86'ya düştüğü saptanmıştır. Araştırma sonunda diyet gruplarının GSDÖ toplam puanı ve alt boyutlarının (karın ağrısı, reflü, diyare, hazımsızlık ve konstipasyon) grup içi karşılaştırmalarında araştırma başlangıcı ile 4. hafta, 4. hafta ile 9. hafta, araştırma başlangıcı ile 9. hafta arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir azalma olduğu görülmüştür (p<0,05). Her iki grupta da İBS semptom şiddet skoru araştırma başlangıcı, 4. hafta ve 9. hafta ölçümlerinde bir önceki ölçüme göre anlamlı şekilde azalmıştır (p<0,05). LG- FODMAP grubunda araştırma başlangıcında semptom şiddet skoru 311,81±53,13 iken 9. haftada 174,17±42,93'e düşmüş olup FODMAP- LG grubunda ise 315,83±41,65'den 185,00±40,27'ye düşmüştür. Bireylerin grup içi HAD ölçeği toplam puanı, anksiyete ve depresyon puanları değerlendirilmesinde araştırma başlangıcı, 4. hafta ve 9. hafta ölçümlerinde bir önceki ölçüme göre istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir azalma olduğu tespit edilmiştir (p<0,05). Her iki grupta diyet tedavileri hastalarda semptomların iyileştirilmesi ve genel iyilik halinde benzer etki göstermiştir. Diyetlerin sürdürülebilir olduğunun kanıtlanabilmesi için daha uzun zamanlı izlem süresi olan çalışmalara ihtiyaç vardır.
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a functional bowel disease of unknown pathophysiology characterized by chronic abdominal pain, irregular bowel habits, bloating and pain. This study was planned and conducted to evaluate the effects of low-FODMAP diet and lactose-free with gluten-free diet treatments applied to 72 individuals diagnosed with irritable bowel syndrome in Cerrahpaşa Medical Faculty Gastroenterology Polyclinic, on the symptoms and anxiety-depression states of the patients, according to the order of administration. Individuals were divided into two groups as low-FODMAP diet group and lactose-free with gluten-free diet group and followed for 4 weeks. A seven-day break was given between the diet periods and the individuals continued to maintain the nutritional habits they applied before the diet programs. At the second stage; the individuals were followed for 4 weeks by crossing the groups. Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), IBS Symptom Severity Score, Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale (GSRS) were administered to the individuals before and after each dietary treatment, anthropometric measurements were taken, and biochemical findings were examined. In the LG-FODMAP group, the weight decreased from 72.96±11.76 kg at the beginning to 70.65±11.36 kg at the 4th week and to 68.60±10.99 kg at the 9th week. In the FODMAP-LG group, it was determined that it decreased from 72.73±11.79 kg to 70.17±11.25 kg at the 4th week and to 67.94±10.86 kg at the 9th week. At the end of the study, there was a statistically significant difference between the beginning of the study and the 4th week, the 4th and the 9th week, the beginning of the study and the 9th week in the intragroup comparisons of the GSRS total score and sub-dimensions (abdominal pain, reflux, diarrhea, indigestion and constipation) of the diet groups. It was determined that there was a decrease (p<0.05). In both groups, the IBS symptom severity score decreased significantly at the beginning of the study, at the 4th week and at the 9th week, compared to the previous measurement (p<0.05). In the LG-FODMAP group, the symptom severity score decreased from 311.81±53.13 at the beginning of the study to 174.17±42.93 at the 9th week. In the FODMAP-LG group, it decreased from 315.83±41.65 at the beginning of the study to 185.00±40.27 at the 9th week. It was determined that there was a statistically significant decrease in the evaluation of the in-group HAD scale total score, anxiety and depression scores of the individuals at the beginning of the study, at the 4th week and at the 9th week compared to the previous measurement (p<0.05). Dietary treatments in both groups had a similar effect on symptom improvement and general well-being in patients. Studies with longer follow-up periods are needed to prove that diets are sustainable.
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a functional bowel disease of unknown pathophysiology characterized by chronic abdominal pain, irregular bowel habits, bloating and pain. This study was planned and conducted to evaluate the effects of low-FODMAP diet and lactose-free with gluten-free diet treatments applied to 72 individuals diagnosed with irritable bowel syndrome in Cerrahpaşa Medical Faculty Gastroenterology Polyclinic, on the symptoms and anxiety-depression states of the patients, according to the order of administration. Individuals were divided into two groups as low-FODMAP diet group and lactose-free with gluten-free diet group and followed for 4 weeks. A seven-day break was given between the diet periods and the individuals continued to maintain the nutritional habits they applied before the diet programs. At the second stage; the individuals were followed for 4 weeks by crossing the groups. Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), IBS Symptom Severity Score, Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale (GSRS) were administered to the individuals before and after each dietary treatment, anthropometric measurements were taken, and biochemical findings were examined. In the LG-FODMAP group, the weight decreased from 72.96±11.76 kg at the beginning to 70.65±11.36 kg at the 4th week and to 68.60±10.99 kg at the 9th week. In the FODMAP-LG group, it was determined that it decreased from 72.73±11.79 kg to 70.17±11.25 kg at the 4th week and to 67.94±10.86 kg at the 9th week. At the end of the study, there was a statistically significant difference between the beginning of the study and the 4th week, the 4th and the 9th week, the beginning of the study and the 9th week in the intragroup comparisons of the GSRS total score and sub-dimensions (abdominal pain, reflux, diarrhea, indigestion and constipation) of the diet groups. It was determined that there was a decrease (p<0.05). In both groups, the IBS symptom severity score decreased significantly at the beginning of the study, at the 4th week and at the 9th week, compared to the previous measurement (p<0.05). In the LG-FODMAP group, the symptom severity score decreased from 311.81±53.13 at the beginning of the study to 174.17±42.93 at the 9th week. In the FODMAP-LG group, it decreased from 315.83±41.65 at the beginning of the study to 185.00±40.27 at the 9th week. It was determined that there was a statistically significant decrease in the evaluation of the in-group HAD scale total score, anxiety and depression scores of the individuals at the beginning of the study, at the 4th week and at the 9th week compared to the previous measurement (p<0.05). Dietary treatments in both groups had a similar effect on symptom improvement and general well-being in patients. Studies with longer follow-up periods are needed to prove that diets are sustainable.
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Beslenme ve Diyetetik, Bağırsaklar, Diyet, Gastrointestinal hastalıklar, Nutrition and Dietetics, Glutenler, Intestines, Diet, Laktoz, Gastrointestinal diseases, Glutens, Prognoz, Lactose, İntestinal hastalıklar, Prognosis, Intestinal diseases, İrritabl bağırsak sendromu, Irritable bowel syndrome
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