Kronik böbrek yetmezliğinde diyetin böbrek fonksiyonlarına etkisi
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2017
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Kronik böbrek yetmezliği, hasta böbreğin fonksiyonlarının ilerleyici ve geriye dönüşümsüz olarak bozulmasıdır. Terminal döneme gelmemiş hastada KBY ilerlemesini yavaşlatmak, üremik komplikasyonları önleyebilmek veya azaltılabilmek için koruyucu tedavi uygulanmalıdır Bu araştırmanın amacı, diyetin KBY progresyonuna etkisini incelemektir. Çalışmamız Okmeydanı Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesinde nefroloji polikliniğine başvuran, KBY tanısıyla diyetisyene yönlendirilen 94 katılımcıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. KBY evresine göre gruplandırılan hastalardan evre 3a (n=30) ve 3b (n=32) grubuna 0,8 g/kg/gün protein içeren, evre 4 (n=32) grubuna 0,6 g/kg/gün protein içeren diyet hazırlanmıştır. 4 ay süreyle takip edilmiş; 1., 2. ve 3. aylarda beslenme eğitimleri tekrarlanmıştır. Çalışma başında ve sonunda fizik muayene, laboratuar bulguları ve üçer günlük besin tüketim kayıtları değerlendirilmiştir. Ayrıca 4. ayda aldığı protein miktarı idrar üre azotu tayiniyle belirlenerek değerlendirilmiştir. Çalışma başlangıcında evre 3a, 3b ve 4 gruplarının glomerüler filtrasyon hızı (GFR) ortalaması ise sırasıyla 52,83±4,54 mL/dk/1.73m2, 35,68±4,43 mL/dk/1,73m2 ve 18,53±5,42 mL/dk/1,73 m2 (p<0,05) olarak saptanmıştır. Çalışmanın bitiminde grupların GFR değerlerinde anlamlı düzeyde azalma veya artış gözlenmemiştir (sırasıyla 54,00±13,90mL/dk/1,73 m2 , 37,84±9,45mL/dk/1,73 m2 ve 18,50±7,13 mL/dk/1,73m2 , (p<0,05). Tüm hastalar değerlendirildiğinde; diyete uyan hasta oranı (n=61) %64,89'dur; bu hastaların GFR, serum üre, serum kreatin düzeylerinde iyileşme görülürken, diyete uymayan hastalarda artış görülmüş, KBY progresyonunda hızlanma olmuştur, p<0,05. Sonuç olarak; hastaların önemli bir kısmı KBY'nin derecesine göre kılavuzlarda yer alan protein kısıtlaması hedeflerine uyum sağlayabilmiştir. Son dönem böbrek yetmezliği gelişmeden, erken evrede koruyucu diyet planının hazırlanması ve devamlılık arz eden beslenme eğitimlerinin verilmesi progresyonun önlenmesinde veya yavaşlatılmasında önemli bir etkiye sahip olduğu bu çalışmayla bir kez daha kanıtlanmıştır. Anahtar Kelimeler: Kronik böbrek yetmezliği, Diyet, Protein kısıtlaması, Yetişkin.
Chronic renal failure is the progressive and irreversible failure of the diseased kidney functions. Preventive treatment should be administered to the patients who are not in the terminal stage yet, in order to slow the progression of CRF and to be able to prevent or reduce uremic complications. This study aims to investigate the effect of diet on the progression of CRF. Our study was conducted with 94 participants who were admitted to the nephrology polyclinic in Okmeydani Training and Research Hospital and were referred to a dietitian with the diagnosis of CRF. For the patients grouped according to CRF stage, the diets containing 0.6 g / kg / day protein was prepared for stage 4 (n = 32) group and diet containing 0.8 g / kg / day protein was prepared for the stage 3a (n = 30) and 3b groups. They were followed up for four months and nutritional training was repeated at the first, second, and third months. At the beginning and end of the study, their physical examination, laboratory findings and food consumption record of three days were evaluated. Also, the amount of protein intake during the fourth month was assessed by determining the urine urea nitrogen level. The mean glomerular filtration rates (GFR) of the stage 3a, 3b and 4 groups were determined to be 52.83±4.54 mL/min/1.73m2 , 35.8±4.43 mL/min/1.73m2 and 18.53±5.42 mL/min/1.73 m2 , respectively (p<0.05). At the end of the study, no significant decrease or increase was observed in the GFR values of the groups (54.00±13.90mL/min/1.73 m2 , 37.84±9.45mL/min/1.73 m2 and 18.50±7.13 mL/min/1.73m2, respectively (p<0,05). When all patients were evaluated, the rate of patient compliance with diet (n = 61) was found to be 64.89%. The GFR, serum urea, and serum creatinine levels of these patients were observed to improve whereas these values were observed to increase in the patients who were non-compliant with the diet and the progression of CRF was accelerated, p<0,05. In conclusion, a significant proportion of the patients were able to adapt to the protein restriction targets, which take place in the guidelines, according to the level of CRF. In this study, it was proved once again that preparing a preventive diet plan in the early stage before end-stage renal failure occurs and giving the nutritional training on an iv ongoing basis have a significant effect on preventing or slowing the progression of CRF. Keywords: Chronic renal failure, Diet, Protein restriction, Adult.
Chronic renal failure is the progressive and irreversible failure of the diseased kidney functions. Preventive treatment should be administered to the patients who are not in the terminal stage yet, in order to slow the progression of CRF and to be able to prevent or reduce uremic complications. This study aims to investigate the effect of diet on the progression of CRF. Our study was conducted with 94 participants who were admitted to the nephrology polyclinic in Okmeydani Training and Research Hospital and were referred to a dietitian with the diagnosis of CRF. For the patients grouped according to CRF stage, the diets containing 0.6 g / kg / day protein was prepared for stage 4 (n = 32) group and diet containing 0.8 g / kg / day protein was prepared for the stage 3a (n = 30) and 3b groups. They were followed up for four months and nutritional training was repeated at the first, second, and third months. At the beginning and end of the study, their physical examination, laboratory findings and food consumption record of three days were evaluated. Also, the amount of protein intake during the fourth month was assessed by determining the urine urea nitrogen level. The mean glomerular filtration rates (GFR) of the stage 3a, 3b and 4 groups were determined to be 52.83±4.54 mL/min/1.73m2 , 35.8±4.43 mL/min/1.73m2 and 18.53±5.42 mL/min/1.73 m2 , respectively (p<0.05). At the end of the study, no significant decrease or increase was observed in the GFR values of the groups (54.00±13.90mL/min/1.73 m2 , 37.84±9.45mL/min/1.73 m2 and 18.50±7.13 mL/min/1.73m2, respectively (p<0,05). When all patients were evaluated, the rate of patient compliance with diet (n = 61) was found to be 64.89%. The GFR, serum urea, and serum creatinine levels of these patients were observed to improve whereas these values were observed to increase in the patients who were non-compliant with the diet and the progression of CRF was accelerated, p<0,05. In conclusion, a significant proportion of the patients were able to adapt to the protein restriction targets, which take place in the guidelines, according to the level of CRF. In this study, it was proved once again that preparing a preventive diet plan in the early stage before end-stage renal failure occurs and giving the nutritional training on an iv ongoing basis have a significant effect on preventing or slowing the progression of CRF. Keywords: Chronic renal failure, Diet, Protein restriction, Adult.
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Beslenme ve Diyetetik, Nefroloji, Böbrek fonksiyon testleri, Böbrek yetmezliği-kronik, Nutrition and Dietetics, Diyet, Nephrology, Kidney function tests, Diyet proteinleri, Kidney failure-chronic, Diet, Diyet tedavisi, Diet proteins, Proteinler, Diet therapy, Proteins, Yetişkinler, Adults
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