Entegre rapor bağlamında sürdürülebilirliğin ve dışsallığın değerlemesi: Hastaneler için model önerisi
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2020
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Kurumların sürdürülebilirliğini, finansal performanslarıyla birlikte çevresel, sosyal ve yönetimsel risk ve belirsizliklerin de doğrudan etkilediğinin ortaya konmasıyla beraber günümüz şirketleri, sürdürülebilirliğin sağlanması konusunda finansal performans odaklı yaklaşımdan, sürdürülebilir değer yaratma yaklaşımına geçmeye başlamışlardır. 'Entegre Raporlama (ER)', bu düşünceyi hayata geçiren yaklaşımın adı olmuştur. Entegre raporlarda, finansal ve sürdürülebilirlik raporları tek bir rapor altında, birbiriyle bağlantılı olarak birleştirilmiştir. Sadece kar-zarar göstermekten öteye geçilip şirketin finansal olmayan değerleri ve gelecek için yaratacağı değer, kurum içi ve dışı paydaşlarla paylaşılmıştır. ER ile; doğal sermaye, insan sermayesi, ilişkisel ve sosyal sermaye, fikri, üretilmiş ve finansal sermaye için kısa, orta ve uzun vadeli değerlemelerin (valuation) yapılması ve birbirleriyle ilişkilerinin açıklanması amaçlanmaktadır. Bu sayede, şirketler hem kendi sürdürülebilirliklerine hem de toplumun sürdürülebilir kalkınmasına katkıda bulunmuş olacaklardır. Şirketler için yeni sayılabilecek bu süreçte, şirketlerin entegre rapor hazırlamada desteklenmesi, entegre raporda yapılması gerekenlerle ilgili somut ve pratik yönergelerin sunulması gerekmektedir. Bu çalışmada, ER'nin en temel noktalarından biri olan, şirketlerin finansal olmayan sermaye ögelerinin neler olduğunun ortaya konması ve bu ögelerin anahtar performans göstergelerinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Her şirketin, bulundukları ortam ve dinamikleri itibarıyla ER ile ilgili kendi senaryosunu yazması gerektiği için araştırmada incelenmek üzere belirli bir sektörü, işletme grubunu seçme ihtiyacı ortaya çıkmıştır. Bu araştırmada, sürdürülebilir kalkınmaya önemli katkılarından dolayı ve ER açısından bakir bir alan olan hastaneler seçilmiştir. Araştırmada, entegre rapor hazırlayacak hastanelerin kullanabileceği şekilde, sürdürülebilirlik/dışsallık ögelerinin envanteri çıkarılmış, değerleme yapılması amacıyla nicel ve nitel özelliklerine göre anahtar performans göstergeleri ortaya konmuştur. Sağlık ekonomisi, sağlık yönetimi alanında uzmanlaşmış akademisyenlerle ve hastane yöneticileriyle yüz yüze derinlemesine görüşmeler yapılmış, entegre rapor kılavuzları ve örnekleri incelenmiş, çeşitli uzman kuruluşlar tarafından yayımlanmış sürdürülebilirlik muhasebe standartları araştırılıp, devlet ve özel kurumların yayımladığı kılavuz ilkeler, standartlar, hesaplama cetvelleri taranmıştır. Anahtar Kelimeler: Entegre Düşünce, Entegre Raporlama, Sürdürülebilirlik, Dışsallık, Değerleme, Hastane.
Today's companies started shifting their focus from financial performance to sustainable value creation as they become aware that organizational sustainability has been influenced by environmental, social and governance risks and uncertainties besides financial performances. 'Integrated Reporting (IR)' has been introduced to actualize this thinking. In integrated reports, financial and sustainability reports are combined in connection to each other under one single report, extending the vision beyond profit and loss calculation, sharing intangibles assets and their value for the future with company's internal and external company shareholders. IR has been conceptualized with the aim of short, mid, long-term valuation of natural, human, social, intellectual, manufactured and financial capitals explaining the interdependencies among them. In this respect, companies will be able to maintain not only their own sustainability but also community's sustainable development. IR is still an emerging concept, companies should be supported in preparing integrated reports and be instructed about what to include in the report with concrete, practical directives. It has been aimed to discover the intangible assets of a company, which is fundamental to IR, and to determine key performance indicators (KPIs) of these assets, in this study. Since each company has to produce its own scenario regarding IR, a certain business sector or a line of business had to be specified for research for pratical reasons. In this study, hospitals were selected for their contribution to sustainable development, and for introducing ER to hospital sector. In this study, the list of sustainability items/externalities and their KPIs have been determined with respect to their quantitative or qualitative nature with the purpose of valuation. Findings are presented in user friendly schemes for those hospitals which will consider to prepare a integrated report. Face-to face in-depth interviews were conducted with academicians from healthcare economics and management, with hospital administrators; ER frameworks and various integrated reports were analysed; sustainability accounting standards which were published by various initiatives/boards were searched; various guidelines, standards, calculation tools from state or private bodies were scanned for the compilation of data and information. Keywords: Integrated Thinking, Integrated Reporting, Sustainability, Externalities, Valuation, Hospital.
Today's companies started shifting their focus from financial performance to sustainable value creation as they become aware that organizational sustainability has been influenced by environmental, social and governance risks and uncertainties besides financial performances. 'Integrated Reporting (IR)' has been introduced to actualize this thinking. In integrated reports, financial and sustainability reports are combined in connection to each other under one single report, extending the vision beyond profit and loss calculation, sharing intangibles assets and their value for the future with company's internal and external company shareholders. IR has been conceptualized with the aim of short, mid, long-term valuation of natural, human, social, intellectual, manufactured and financial capitals explaining the interdependencies among them. In this respect, companies will be able to maintain not only their own sustainability but also community's sustainable development. IR is still an emerging concept, companies should be supported in preparing integrated reports and be instructed about what to include in the report with concrete, practical directives. It has been aimed to discover the intangible assets of a company, which is fundamental to IR, and to determine key performance indicators (KPIs) of these assets, in this study. Since each company has to produce its own scenario regarding IR, a certain business sector or a line of business had to be specified for research for pratical reasons. In this study, hospitals were selected for their contribution to sustainable development, and for introducing ER to hospital sector. In this study, the list of sustainability items/externalities and their KPIs have been determined with respect to their quantitative or qualitative nature with the purpose of valuation. Findings are presented in user friendly schemes for those hospitals which will consider to prepare a integrated report. Face-to face in-depth interviews were conducted with academicians from healthcare economics and management, with hospital administrators; ER frameworks and various integrated reports were analysed; sustainability accounting standards which were published by various initiatives/boards were searched; various guidelines, standards, calculation tools from state or private bodies were scanned for the compilation of data and information. Keywords: Integrated Thinking, Integrated Reporting, Sustainability, Externalities, Valuation, Hospital.
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Hastaneler, Hospitals
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283