Cemal Reşid Rey ve 'Mistik' eseri örnekleminde Tanzimat Dönemi'nden Türkiye Cumhuriyeti'nin ilk yıllarına kadar çoksesli müziğin gelişimi
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2018
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Osmanlı İmparatorluğu, kurulduğu 14. yüzyıldan itibaren 600 yıldan fazla süre boyunca Anadolu'da egemenliği sağlamış, Fatih Sultan Mehmet ile başlayan Osmanlı'da Yükselme Devri, Sokullu Mehmet Paşa'nın ölümüyle Gerileme Dönemi'ne girmiş, imparatorluğun egemenliği Sultan VI. Mehmed Vahideddin Dönemi'nde son bulmuştur. Gerileme Dönemi'nden itibaren siyasi çıkmaza giren imparatorluk, toprak kaybetmeye başlamış, varlığını korumak, gelişimini sağlamak için yeni arayışlara girmiş; böylece Osmanlı İmparatorluğu'nda reform süreci başlamıştır. Askeri alanda başlayan reform hareketleri pek çok alana yayılmış, imparatorlukta Avrupai bir kültür etkisi görülmeye başlanmıştır. Bu kültürel etki, müzik alanında da kendini göstermiş, çoksesli klasik müzik eserleri icra edilmeye başlanmıştır. Ulu Önder Mustafa Kemal Atatürk'ün Cumhuriyeti kurmasıyla birlikte çoksesli müziğin gelişimi daha da fazla hız kazanmıştır. Bu alanda yetenekli öğrenciler çoksesli müzik eğitimi görmek için yurt dışına gönderilmiş, eğitimini tamamlayan müzisyen öğrenciler ise yurda geri döndüklerinde ulusal müziğin yaratılmasına büyük katkılarda bulunmuşlardır. Yine Avrupa'dan önemli müzik adamları getirtilmiş, ulusal çoksesli müziğin gelişmesi adına, sanat okullarının, konservatuvarların kurulmasına yönelik çalışmalar yapılmıştır. Cemal Reşid Rey, bu bağlamda ulusal çoksesli müziğin gelişimine katkı sağlayan en önemli isimlerden biri olmuştur. Yurda döndüğünde Halk Türküleri ile çok sesli müziği sentezlemenin yanı sıra özgün eserler de bestelemiştir. 1930'lu yılların ortalarında tasavvufa yönelen Cemal Reşid Rey, bu dönem eserlerinde Anadolu kültürü yerine, mistik konuları işlemiş, bazı eserlerinde de Mevlâna, Yunus Emre gibi mutasavvıfların dizelerini konu olarak seçmiştir. Yapılan bu çalışmada, Osmanlı İmparatorluğu ve Cumhuriyet Dönemi içerisinde çoksesli müzik hareketleri incelenmiş, besteci Cemal Reşid Rey'in hayatı ve mistisizme olan ilgisi ele alınmış, bir diğer ismi 'Mevlâna'nın Mesnevi Mukaddimesi' olan 'Mistik' eseri metin ve müzik bakımından incelenmiş, Mevlâna'nın kısaca hayatı ele alınmıştır. Eser, beste yönünden armonik olarak genel bir analizle incelenmiştir.
The Ottoman Empire was founded in the 14th century and maintained sovereignty in Anatolia for more than 600 years. The Ascension Period, which began with Mehmed the Conqueror, started to decline with the death of Sokullu Mehmed Pasha. The reign of the Ottoman Empire reached an end with Sultan Mehmed Vahidettin VI. Alongside the Period of Decline came a political gridlock which led to the fall of the empire. It began to lose key regions of land and started to undertake a series of reforms in order to protect its existence and continue to develop. Hence, The Period of Reforms officially began. Reforms that started in the military soon spread to many different areas and a European-style culture was introduced. This cultural influence became prominent in the field of music and led to the composition of polyphonic classical music. When Mustafa Kemal Ataturk founded the Republic of Turkey in 1923, the development of polyphonic music gained momentum. Musically talented students were sent abroad to study polyphonic music. Upon completing their education, they returned to Turkey and contributed greatly to the creation and development of national music. Furthermore, celebrated musicians from Europe were invited and projects were carried out in the establishment of art schools and conservatories that aimed to improve and encourage national polyphonic music. In this regard, Cemal Resid Rey has been one of the most influential people to contribute to the development of the national polyphonic music. Upon his return to Turkey, alongside synthesizing polyphonic music with Folk Ballads (Halk Türküleri), he also composed original works of music. In the mid-1930's, he turned to mysticism and it was during this period that he incorporated mystical subjects in his works instead of the Anatolian culture. He also wrote about the poems of Sufi poets, such as Mevlâna and Yunus Emre. This study aims to examine the polyphonic music movements during the Ottoman Empire and The Republic of Turkey, approach the life of composer Cemal Resid Rey and his interest in mysticism, study the relationship between his work 'Mystic', also known as 'Introduction to Mevlâna's Mesnevi' (Mevlâna'nın Mesnevî Mukaddimesi) and Mevlâna, and it will also analyse the work in a musical context.
The Ottoman Empire was founded in the 14th century and maintained sovereignty in Anatolia for more than 600 years. The Ascension Period, which began with Mehmed the Conqueror, started to decline with the death of Sokullu Mehmed Pasha. The reign of the Ottoman Empire reached an end with Sultan Mehmed Vahidettin VI. Alongside the Period of Decline came a political gridlock which led to the fall of the empire. It began to lose key regions of land and started to undertake a series of reforms in order to protect its existence and continue to develop. Hence, The Period of Reforms officially began. Reforms that started in the military soon spread to many different areas and a European-style culture was introduced. This cultural influence became prominent in the field of music and led to the composition of polyphonic classical music. When Mustafa Kemal Ataturk founded the Republic of Turkey in 1923, the development of polyphonic music gained momentum. Musically talented students were sent abroad to study polyphonic music. Upon completing their education, they returned to Turkey and contributed greatly to the creation and development of national music. Furthermore, celebrated musicians from Europe were invited and projects were carried out in the establishment of art schools and conservatories that aimed to improve and encourage national polyphonic music. In this regard, Cemal Resid Rey has been one of the most influential people to contribute to the development of the national polyphonic music. Upon his return to Turkey, alongside synthesizing polyphonic music with Folk Ballads (Halk Türküleri), he also composed original works of music. In the mid-1930's, he turned to mysticism and it was during this period that he incorporated mystical subjects in his works instead of the Anatolian culture. He also wrote about the poems of Sufi poets, such as Mevlâna and Yunus Emre. This study aims to examine the polyphonic music movements during the Ottoman Empire and The Republic of Turkey, approach the life of composer Cemal Resid Rey and his interest in mysticism, study the relationship between his work 'Mystic', also known as 'Introduction to Mevlâna's Mesnevi' (Mevlâna'nın Mesnevî Mukaddimesi) and Mevlâna, and it will also analyse the work in a musical context.
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Müzik, Müzik eserleri, Rey, Cemal Reşit, Music, Music works, Tasavvuf, Rey, Cemal Reşit, Türk müziği, Mystic, Turkish music, Çok sesli müzik, Polyphonic music
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140