Diyabet hastalarının covıd-19 pandemisi sürecinde yaşadıkları zorluklar ve öz-etkililik düzeylerinin incelenmesi
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Date
2023
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Dönmez, Asiye Sarıyıldız
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Bu araştırma, COVID-19 pandemisi sürecinde diyabet hastalarının yaşadıkları zorlukları ve öz etkililik düzeylerini belirlemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Tanımlayıcı nitelikteki çalışma Temmuz 2021-Ekim 2021 tarihleri arasında Beylikdüzü Devlet Hastanesinin Dahiliye Polikliniğine başvuran 158 Tip 1 ve Tip 2 diyabet tanılı birey ile gerçekleşmiştir. Araştırma verileri 'Tanıtıcı Bilgi Formu', 'Diyabet Hastalarının COVID-19 Pandemisi Sürecinde Yaşadıkları Zorluklar Anket Formu' ve 'Diyabet Öz Etkililik Ölçeği' ile toplanmıştır. Veriler SPSS 25.0 paket programı kullanılarak uygun istatistiksel yöntemlerle analiz edilmiştir. Çalışmanın sonucunda katılımcıların COVID-19 pandemisi sürecinde; %66,4'ünün fiziksel aktivitesinde azalma olduğu, %77,2'sinin sosyal aktivitesinde azalma olduğu, %50'sinin diyetine uymakta zorlandığı, %43'ünün kilo kontrolünü sağlamakta zorlandığı, %60,1'inin kontrole gitmekten çekindiği, %45,6'sının kontrol randevusu bulmakta zorlandığı, %58,2'sinin sağlık kuruluşuna başvurmaktan çekindiği, %39,9'unun diyabet ilaçlarının dozunda artış olduğu, %43,7'sinin HbA1c değerinde artış olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Katılımcıların Diyabet Öz Etkililik Ölçeği puan ortalaması 39,65±18,52 olduğu saptanmıştır. Diyabet hastalarının sosyodemografik özelliklerinden yaşı, medeni durumu, eğitim durumu, çalışma durumu ve gelir durumu ile diyabet öz etkililik ölçek puanı arasında farklılık bulunmuştur. Eğitim ve gelir durumu arttıkça bireylerin öz etkililik düzeylerinin yükseldiği belirlenmiştir. Katılımcıların; fiziksel aktivitesinde azalma olma, sosyal aktivitesinde azalma olma, diyete uymakta zorlanma, kontrol randevusu bulmakta zorlanma, diyabet hemşiresine ulaşmakta zorlanma, diyabet ilaç dozunda artış olma, HbA1c düzeylerinde artış olma, diyabet tedavisi için gerekli olan malzeme tedariğinde zorlanma, diyabet tedavisi için gerekli olan ilaç tedariğinde zorlanma durumları ile Diyabet Öz Etkililik Ölçeği puan ortalamaları arasında farklılık olduğu saptanmıştır (p<0,05). Anlamlılık; COVID-19 pandemisinde araştırmaya katılan bireylerden; fiziksel aktivitesi pandemiden etkilenmeyenlerin, sosyal aktivitesi pandemiden etkilenmeyenlerin, diyetine uymakta zorlanmayanların, kontrol randevusu bulmakta zorlanmayanların, diyabet hemşiresine ulaşmakta zorlananların, diyabet ilaç dozlarında artış olmayanların, HbA1C düzeyinde artış olmayanların, ilaç ve diyabet malzemeleri tedariğinde zorlanmayanların öz etkililik düzeyleri daha yüksek olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır. Bu sonuçlar doğrultusunda COVID-19 pandemisi gibi salgın hastalıkların neden olacağı olağanüstü durumlarda diyabet hastalarının öz etkililik düzeylerinin belirlenmesi ve öz etkililik düzeylerini artırmaya yönelik sağlık çalışanlarının farkındalık sağlaması önerilmektedir. Diyabet hastalarının olağanüstü durumlarda takip ve tedavilerinin devamlılığı ve etkililiği için uzaktan takip uygulamalarının geliştirilerek yaygınlaştırılması önerilmektedir.
This research was conducted to determine the difficulties and self efficacy levels of diabetes patients during the COVID-19 pandemic. The descriptive study was conducted with 158 individuals diagnosed with Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes, who applied to the Internal Medicine Outpatient Clinic of Beylikdüzü State Hospital between July 2021 and October 2021. Research data were collected with the 'Descriptive Information Form', 'The Difficulties of Diabetes Patients During the COVID-19 Pandemic Process Questionnaire' and 'Diabetes Self Efficacy Scale'. The data were analyzed with appropriate statistical methods using the SPSS 25.0 package program. As a result of the study, during the COVID-19 pandemic of the participants; %66,4 had a decrease in physical activity, %77,2 had a decrease in social activity, %50 had difficulty in following their diet, %43 had difficulty in maintaining weight control, %60,1 were hesitant to go for a check-up, It was concluded that %45,6 had difficulty in finding a control appointment, %58,2 were hesitant to apply to a health institution, %39,9 had an increase in the dose of diabetes drugs, ıt was concluded that %43,7 of them had an increase in HbA1c level. The participants' Diabetes Self Efficacy Scale mean score was 39.65±18.52. A difference was found between sociodemographic characteristics of diabetes patients, their age, marital status, educational status and income status, and diabetes self-efficacy scale score. It was determined that as the education and income status increased, the self efficacy levels of the individuals increased. Participants; decrease in physical activity, decrease in social activity, difficulty in complying with diet, difficulty in finding a control appointment, difficulty in reaching diabetes nurse, increase in diabetes medication dose, increase in HbA1c levels, difficulty in supplying materials required for diabetes treatment, medication required for diabetes treatment ıt was determined that there was a significant difference between the difficulties in the supply the Diabetes Self Efficacy Scale mean score (p<0.05). Meaningfulness; Of the individuals participating in the study in the COVID-19 pandemic; ıt was concluded that the self efficacy levels of those whose physical activity was not affected by the pandemic, whose social activities were not affected by the pandemic, who had no difficulty in complying with their diet, who had no difficulty in finding a control appointment, who had difficulty in reaching the diabetes nurse, who did not have an increase in their diabetes medication doses, who did not have an increase in their HbA1C level, who did not have difficulty in the supply of drugs and diabetes materials, had higher self efficacy levels. In line with these results, it is necessary to determine the self efficacy levels of diabetes patients and to raise awareness of healthcare professionals to increase their self efficacy levels in extraordinary situations caused by epidemic diseases such as the COVID-19 pandemic. For the continuity and effectiveness of the follow-up and treatment of diabetic patients in extraordinary situations, remote follow-up applications should be developed and expanded.
This research was conducted to determine the difficulties and self efficacy levels of diabetes patients during the COVID-19 pandemic. The descriptive study was conducted with 158 individuals diagnosed with Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes, who applied to the Internal Medicine Outpatient Clinic of Beylikdüzü State Hospital between July 2021 and October 2021. Research data were collected with the 'Descriptive Information Form', 'The Difficulties of Diabetes Patients During the COVID-19 Pandemic Process Questionnaire' and 'Diabetes Self Efficacy Scale'. The data were analyzed with appropriate statistical methods using the SPSS 25.0 package program. As a result of the study, during the COVID-19 pandemic of the participants; %66,4 had a decrease in physical activity, %77,2 had a decrease in social activity, %50 had difficulty in following their diet, %43 had difficulty in maintaining weight control, %60,1 were hesitant to go for a check-up, It was concluded that %45,6 had difficulty in finding a control appointment, %58,2 were hesitant to apply to a health institution, %39,9 had an increase in the dose of diabetes drugs, ıt was concluded that %43,7 of them had an increase in HbA1c level. The participants' Diabetes Self Efficacy Scale mean score was 39.65±18.52. A difference was found between sociodemographic characteristics of diabetes patients, their age, marital status, educational status and income status, and diabetes self-efficacy scale score. It was determined that as the education and income status increased, the self efficacy levels of the individuals increased. Participants; decrease in physical activity, decrease in social activity, difficulty in complying with diet, difficulty in finding a control appointment, difficulty in reaching diabetes nurse, increase in diabetes medication dose, increase in HbA1c levels, difficulty in supplying materials required for diabetes treatment, medication required for diabetes treatment ıt was determined that there was a significant difference between the difficulties in the supply the Diabetes Self Efficacy Scale mean score (p<0.05). Meaningfulness; Of the individuals participating in the study in the COVID-19 pandemic; ıt was concluded that the self efficacy levels of those whose physical activity was not affected by the pandemic, whose social activities were not affected by the pandemic, who had no difficulty in complying with their diet, who had no difficulty in finding a control appointment, who had difficulty in reaching the diabetes nurse, who did not have an increase in their diabetes medication doses, who did not have an increase in their HbA1C level, who did not have difficulty in the supply of drugs and diabetes materials, had higher self efficacy levels. In line with these results, it is necessary to determine the self efficacy levels of diabetes patients and to raise awareness of healthcare professionals to increase their self efficacy levels in extraordinary situations caused by epidemic diseases such as the COVID-19 pandemic. For the continuity and effectiveness of the follow-up and treatment of diabetic patients in extraordinary situations, remote follow-up applications should be developed and expanded.
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Hemşirelik, Nursing
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