Özel bir sağlık grubunda çalışan yönetici hemşirelerin liderlik tarzlarının kriz yönetimi ile (COVID-19 pandemisi) ilişkisinin incelenmesi
Abstract
Covid-19 pandemisi yüksek ölüm ve hastalık oranı ile sağlık çalışanları üzerinde daha önce deneyimlenmemiş bir yük oluşturmuştur. Yönetici hemşireler gerek hastaların gerekse çalışanların iyilik halinin sağlanması, sürdürülmesi, etkin kriz yönetimi, malzeme ekipman süreçlerinin yönetimi, Covid-19'a yönelik sürekli değişen uygulamaların hayata geçirilmesi gibi kritik süreçlerin içerisinde yer aldırlar ve yönettiler. Covid-19 salgını ve diğer olası krizlerde yönetici hemşireler, krize karşı hazırlık yapılması, kriz sürecinin etkili yönetilmesi ve sonrasında gerekli iyileştirme adımlarının planlanmasında kilit role sahiptir. Bu çalışmanın amacı yönetici hemşirelerin ( sorumlu hemşire, hasta bakım sorumlu hemşiresi, gece sorumlu hemşiresi ve hemşirelik hizmetleri müdürü) liderlik tarzlarının, Covid-19 kriz yönetimi ile ilişkisini incelemektir. Araştırma kesitsel tipte olup, özel bir sağlık kuruluşunda yapılmıştır. Araştırmanın evreni son üç ay içinde yönetici hemşire pozisyonunda çalışan 291 hemşire oluşturmaktadır. Çalışmaya tabakalama örnekleme yöntemi ile belirlenen ve çalışmaya katılmayı onaylayan 120 sorumlu hemşire, 17 hasta bakım sorumlu hemşiresi, 8 gece sorumlu hemşiresi ve 11 hemşirelik hizmetleri müdürü olmak üzere 156 kişi alınmıştır. Veri toplama aracı olarak 'Çok Yönlü Liderlik Yönelimleri Ölçeği (ÇYLYÖ)', literatür taranarak hazırlanan 'Covid-19 Kriz Yönetimi Soruları' ve sosyodemografik özellikler olmak üzere üç bölümden oluşan 60 soruluk envanter kullanılmıştır. Araştırmada yönetim pozisyonlarına göre hemşirelerin ÇYLYÖ İnsan kaynaklı Liderlik ve Yapısal Liderlik alt boyut puanlarında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı derecede farklılık olduğu saptanırken; servis sorumlu hemşirelerin liderlik yönelimlerinin daha düşük olduğu bulunmuştur. Hemşirelerin yaşları ve mesleki deneyim süreleri ile Covid-19 Kriz Yönetimi Soruları puanı arasında pozitif yönde anlamlı bir ilişki varlığı saptanırken, hemşirelik hizmetleri müdürü pozisyonunda çalışan yönetici hemşirelerin Covid-19 Kriz Yönetimi Soruları puan ortalaması istatistiksel olarak anlamlı düzeyde daha yüksek bulunmuştur. Liderlik eğitimi alan yönetici hemşirelerinin Covid-19 Kriz Yönetimi Soruları puan ortalaması istatistiksel olarak anlamlı düzeyde daha yüksek olduğu bulunmuştur. Çalışmada Covid-19 Kriz Yönetimi Soruları puanı ile ÇYLYÖ puanları arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı pozitif yönlü bir ilişki saptanmıştır. Ayrıca, ÇYLYÖ İnsan Kaynaklı Liderlik alt boyutunun Covid-19 Kriz Yönetimine etki eden tek bağımsız faktör olduğu belirlenmiştir. Covid-19 gibi salgın hastalıklarda hemşirelerin kriz yönetimin beceri düzeyini belirlemek amacıyla güvenilir ve geçerli bir ölçek geliştirilmesi, sağlık kurumlarının yönetim vizyonunda insan kaynaklı liderlik modeline öncelik vermesi ve liderlik-kriz yönetimi eğitimlerinin yöneticilere kriz öncesi verilmesi önerilmektedir.
The Covid-19 pandemic, with its high mortality and morbidity rate, has placed an unprecedented burden on healthcare workers. Executive nurses were involved in and managed critical processes such as ensuring and maintaining the well-being of both patients and employees, effective crisis management, management of material equipment processes, and the implementation of ever-changing practices for Covid-19. In the Covid-19 epidemic and other possible crises, nurse managers have a key role in preparing for the crisis, managing the crisis process effectively and planning the necessary improvement steps afterwards. The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between the leadership styles of executive nurses (head nurse, patient care nurse, night nurse and nursing services manager) with Covid-19 crisis management. The research is cross-sectional and was conducted in a private health institution. The population of the research consists of 291 nurses working in the managerial nurse position in the last three months. A total of 156 people, including 120 nurses in charge, 17 nurses in charge of patient care, 8 nurses in charge of night care, and 11 directors of nursing services, who were determined by stratification sampling method and approved to participate in the study, were included in the study. As a data collection tool, an inventory of 60 questions consisting of three parts, namely the 'Multidimensional Leadership Orientations Scale' (POLYÖ), ' Covid-19 Crisis Management Questions' prepared by scanning the literature, and sociodemographic characteristics were used. In the study, it was determined that there was a statistically significant difference in nurses' CYLYÖ Human-based Leadership and Structural Leadership sub-dimension scores according to their management positions; It was found that the leadership orientation of the nurses in charge of the service was lower. While a positive and significant relationship was found between the age and professional experience of nurses and the score of the Covid-19 Crisis Management Questionnaire, the mean score of the nurses working in the nursing services manager position was found to be statistically significant higher. It was found that the mean score of the Covid-19 Crisis Management Questionnaire of the executive nurses who received leadership training was statistically significantly higher. In the study, a statistically significant positive correlation was found between the Covid-19 Crisis Management Questionnaire scores and the CYLYÖ scores. In addition, it has been determined that the Human Based Leadership sub-dimension of CYLYÖ is the only independent factor affecting the Covid-19 Crisis Management. It is recommended to develop a reliable and valid scale in order to determine the skill level of crisis management of nurses in epidemic diseases such as Covid-19, to give priority to the human-based leadership model in the management vision of health institutions, and to give leadership-crisis management trainings to managers before the crisis.
The Covid-19 pandemic, with its high mortality and morbidity rate, has placed an unprecedented burden on healthcare workers. Executive nurses were involved in and managed critical processes such as ensuring and maintaining the well-being of both patients and employees, effective crisis management, management of material equipment processes, and the implementation of ever-changing practices for Covid-19. In the Covid-19 epidemic and other possible crises, nurse managers have a key role in preparing for the crisis, managing the crisis process effectively and planning the necessary improvement steps afterwards. The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between the leadership styles of executive nurses (head nurse, patient care nurse, night nurse and nursing services manager) with Covid-19 crisis management. The research is cross-sectional and was conducted in a private health institution. The population of the research consists of 291 nurses working in the managerial nurse position in the last three months. A total of 156 people, including 120 nurses in charge, 17 nurses in charge of patient care, 8 nurses in charge of night care, and 11 directors of nursing services, who were determined by stratification sampling method and approved to participate in the study, were included in the study. As a data collection tool, an inventory of 60 questions consisting of three parts, namely the 'Multidimensional Leadership Orientations Scale' (POLYÖ), ' Covid-19 Crisis Management Questions' prepared by scanning the literature, and sociodemographic characteristics were used. In the study, it was determined that there was a statistically significant difference in nurses' CYLYÖ Human-based Leadership and Structural Leadership sub-dimension scores according to their management positions; It was found that the leadership orientation of the nurses in charge of the service was lower. While a positive and significant relationship was found between the age and professional experience of nurses and the score of the Covid-19 Crisis Management Questionnaire, the mean score of the nurses working in the nursing services manager position was found to be statistically significant higher. It was found that the mean score of the Covid-19 Crisis Management Questionnaire of the executive nurses who received leadership training was statistically significantly higher. In the study, a statistically significant positive correlation was found between the Covid-19 Crisis Management Questionnaire scores and the CYLYÖ scores. In addition, it has been determined that the Human Based Leadership sub-dimension of CYLYÖ is the only independent factor affecting the Covid-19 Crisis Management. It is recommended to develop a reliable and valid scale in order to determine the skill level of crisis management of nurses in epidemic diseases such as Covid-19, to give priority to the human-based leadership model in the management vision of health institutions, and to give leadership-crisis management trainings to managers before the crisis.
Description
Keywords
Hemşirelik, Sağlık Yönetimi, İşletme, COVID 19, Hemşireler, Nursing, Healthcare Management, Kriz yönetimi, Business Administration, Liderlik, COVID 19, Nurses, Liderlik modelleri, Crisis management, Leadership, Pandemiler, Leadership models, Sağlık personeli, Pandemics, Health personnel, Yöneticiler, Managers