Hiperlipidemili bireylerde kabak çekirdeği ve kabak çekirdeği yağı ile zenginleştirilen kolesterol içeriği kısıtlanmış diyetlerin kardiyovasküler risk faktörleri üzerine etkilerinin değerlendirilmesi
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2023
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Aterosklerotik kardiyovasküler hastalık riskini arttıran etmenlerden biri olan hiperlipideminin beslenme tedavisinde çeşitli araştırmalar kabak çekirdeği ve kabak çekirdeği yağının hipolipidemik etki gösterdiği bildirmiştir. Bu nedenle bu araştırmada hiperlipidemili bireylerde kabak çekirdeği ve kabak çekirdeği yağı ile zenginleştirilen kolesterol içeriği kısıtlanmış diyetlerin kardiyovasküler risk faktörleri üzerine etkilerinin değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Araştırma Ocak 2022- Kasım 2023 tarihleri arasında yapılmıştır. Araştırmanın ilk bölümünde, kabak çekirdeğinin besin analizi yapılarak yağ asidi bileşimi belirlenmiştir. Kabak çekirdeğinin baskın yağ asitleri linoleik, oleik ve palmitik asitlerdir. İkinci bölümde hiperlipidemili bireyler beslenme tedavisi için kabak çekirdeği, kabak çekirdeği yağı ve kontrol gruplarından birine randomize edilmiştir. Araştırmada toplam 89 birey (kabak çekirdeği 29, kabak çekirdeği yağı 33, kontrol grubu 27 birey) yer almaktadır. Bireylerin genel özelikleri, beslenme alışkanlıkları, araştırmanın başında alınan antropometrik ölçümleri ve biyokimyasal bulguları ile kan basınçları benzer bulunmuştur (p<0,005). Bireylere dört hafta boyunca enerji ve besin ögesi bileşimi benzer düşük kolesterollü (<100 mg) beslenme tedavisi uygulanmıştır. Kabak çekirdeği grubundaki bireylerin beslenme tedavisine 30 g/gün kabak çekirdeği, yağ grubundakilerin ise 15 g/gün kabak çekirdeği yağı eklenmiştir. Araştırma sonunda tüm gruplarda vücut ağırlığı, BKİ, bel çevresi, kalça çevresi, bel/boy oranı, vücut yağ kütlesi ve oranı ile serum TK, LDL-K, ALT ve AST seviyeleri istatistiksel olarak anlamlı düşmüştür (p<0,001), gruplar arası karşılaştırmada fark bulunmamıştır. Kabak çekirdeği (p>0,007) ve kabak çekirdeği yağı (p<0,001) tüketen gruplarda kontrol grubuna göre serum TG değeri araştırma sonunda istatistiksel anlamlı düşmüştür. Serum HDL-K, glikoz, SKB ve DKB değerlerinde hem grup içi hem de gruplar arası kıyaslamada istatistiksel anlamlı farklılık bulunmamıştır (p<0,005). Kabak çekirdeği ve kabak çekirdeği yağı tekli ve çoklu doymamış yağ asitlerinden zengindir ve yapısındaki çeşitli biyoaktif bileşiklerin serum lipitlerini düşürücü etkisi olduğu iddia edilmektedir. Hiperlipideminin tedavisinde düşük enerji içeriğine sahip kolesterolden kısıtlı bir beslenme tedavisine eklenen kabak çekirdeği ve kabak çekirdeği yağının kardiyovasküler risk faktörlerinin azaltılmasında fayda sağlamaktadır. Özellikle serum TG seviyeleri yüksek olan hiperlipidemili bireylerde porsiyon miktarı ayarlanarak kabak çekirdeği veya kabak çekirdeği yağı beslenme tedavisine eklenebilir.
In the nutritional treatment of hyperlipidemia, which increases the risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, various studies have reported that pumpkin seeds and pumpkin seed oil show a hypolipidemic effect. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of cholesterol-restricted diets enriched with pumpkin seeds and oil on cardiovascular risk factors in individuals with hyperlipidemia. The study between January 2022 and November 2023 was conducted. The first part of the study determines the fatty acid composition of pumpkin seeds by nutritional analysis. The dominant fatty acids of pumpkin seeds were linoleic, oleic, and palmitic. In the second part, individuals with hyperlipidemia were randomized to one of the pumpkin seed, oil, and control groups for nutritional treatment. A total of 89 individuals (pumpkin seed 29, oil 33, control group 27) were included in the study. At the beginning of the study, the general characteristics, dietary habits, anthropometric measurements, biochemical findings, and blood pressure were similar (p<0.005). Individuals received a low cholesterol (<100 mg) nutritional treatment for four weeks with similar energy and nutrient composition. In the pumpkin seed group, 30 g/day pumpkin seeds and 15 g/day pumpkin seed oil were added in the oil group. At the end of the study, body weight, BMI, waist circumference, hip circumference, waist/height ratio, body fat mass and ratio, serum TC, LDL-C, ALT, and AST levels decreased statistically significantly in all groups (p<0.001), no difference in the comparison between groups was found (p>0.005). In the groups consuming pumpkin seeds (p>0.007) and pumpkin seed oil (p<0.001), serum TG value decreased statistically significantly at the end of the study compared to the control group. No statistically significant difference in serum HDL-C, glucose, SBP, and DBP values within and between groups was found (p<0.005). Pumpkin seeds and pumpkin seed oil are rich in monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids, and various bioactive compounds in their structure were claimed to have a lowering effect on serum lipids. Pumpkin seeds and pumpkin seed oil added to a cholesterol-restricted diet with low energy content in treating hyperlipidemia are beneficial in reducing cardiovascular risk factors. Especially in individuals with hyperlipidemia with high serum TG levels, pumpkin seeds or pumpkin seed oil can be added to nutritional therapy by adjusting the portion amount.
In the nutritional treatment of hyperlipidemia, which increases the risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, various studies have reported that pumpkin seeds and pumpkin seed oil show a hypolipidemic effect. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of cholesterol-restricted diets enriched with pumpkin seeds and oil on cardiovascular risk factors in individuals with hyperlipidemia. The study between January 2022 and November 2023 was conducted. The first part of the study determines the fatty acid composition of pumpkin seeds by nutritional analysis. The dominant fatty acids of pumpkin seeds were linoleic, oleic, and palmitic. In the second part, individuals with hyperlipidemia were randomized to one of the pumpkin seed, oil, and control groups for nutritional treatment. A total of 89 individuals (pumpkin seed 29, oil 33, control group 27) were included in the study. At the beginning of the study, the general characteristics, dietary habits, anthropometric measurements, biochemical findings, and blood pressure were similar (p<0.005). Individuals received a low cholesterol (<100 mg) nutritional treatment for four weeks with similar energy and nutrient composition. In the pumpkin seed group, 30 g/day pumpkin seeds and 15 g/day pumpkin seed oil were added in the oil group. At the end of the study, body weight, BMI, waist circumference, hip circumference, waist/height ratio, body fat mass and ratio, serum TC, LDL-C, ALT, and AST levels decreased statistically significantly in all groups (p<0.001), no difference in the comparison between groups was found (p>0.005). In the groups consuming pumpkin seeds (p>0.007) and pumpkin seed oil (p<0.001), serum TG value decreased statistically significantly at the end of the study compared to the control group. No statistically significant difference in serum HDL-C, glucose, SBP, and DBP values within and between groups was found (p<0.005). Pumpkin seeds and pumpkin seed oil are rich in monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids, and various bioactive compounds in their structure were claimed to have a lowering effect on serum lipids. Pumpkin seeds and pumpkin seed oil added to a cholesterol-restricted diet with low energy content in treating hyperlipidemia are beneficial in reducing cardiovascular risk factors. Especially in individuals with hyperlipidemia with high serum TG levels, pumpkin seeds or pumpkin seed oil can be added to nutritional therapy by adjusting the portion amount.
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Beslenme ve Diyetetik, Nutrition and Dietetics
Turkish CoHE Thesis Center URL
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107