Investigation of the relationship between the level of tolerance to distress and the ways of coping with stress for the patient relatives in the COVID 19 wards
Abstract
Amaç: Bu çalışma, Covid 19 servislerinde yatan hastaların yakınlarının sıkıntıya dayanma düzeyi ile stresle başa çıkma tarzları arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi amacıyla yapılmıştır. Bu çalışmada nicel araştırma yöntemlerinden ilişkisel tarama modeli kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın evrenini, bir pandemi hastanesinin çeşitli kliniklerinde Covid 19 tedavisi gören hastaların yakınları oluşturmuştur. Araştırmanın örneklemini ise, büyüklüğü bilinmeyen evrende yapılan örneklem hesaplama sonucunda araştırmanın dahil edilme kriterini karşılayan 302 hasta yakını oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmanın verileri, Tanıtıcı Bilgi Formu, Sıkıntıya Dayanma Ölçeği (SDÖ) ve Stresle Başa Çıkma Tarzları Ölçeği (SBÇTÖ) kullanılarak elde edilmiştir. Verilerin değerlendirilmesinde; tanımlayıcı değişkenler için sayı, yüzde, ortalama, standart sapma ve minimum-maksimum değerleri kullanılmıştır. Değişkenlerin normal dağılıp dağılmadığını belirlemek için basıklık, çarpıklık değerleri ve histogram grafiklerine bakılarak normalliğine karar verilmiştir. Buna göre Bağımsız Gruplarda T-Testi, One Way Anova, Kruskal-Wallis, Mann Whitney U analiz testleri uygulanmıştır. Araştırmanın sürekli değişkenlerinin analizinde Pearson korelasyonu, değişkenlerin yordayıcılığını belirlemek için çoklu doğrusal regresyon analizi yapılmıştır. Çalışmaya katılan bireylerin yaş ortalaması 34.79 ± 9.75' dir. Katılımcıların büyük çoğunluğu hastalarının ölüm ve kaybetme korkusu yaşadıkları için sıkıntıya girdiklerini belirtmiştir. Erkeklerin kadınlara göre sıkıntıya dayanma düzeyi ve toleransının yüksek olduğu bulunmuştur. Pandemi sürecinde katılımcıların sigara kullanımının azaldığını ve sağlıklı beslenmede artış olduğunu ifade eden katılımcıların sıkıntıya dayanma düzeyi daha yüksek bulunmuştur. Katılımcıların sıkıntıya dayanma düzeyi arttıkça kendine güvenli yaklaşım ve iyimser yaklaşım başa çıkma tarzlarının arttığı bulunmuştur (p<.01). Ayrıca sıkıntıya dayanma düzeyi artıkça çaresiz yaklaşım ve boyun eğici yaklaşımın azaldığı tespit edilmiştir (p<.05). Sosyal destek alanların almayanlara göre sıkıntıya dayanma düzeyi daha yüksek bulunmuştur (p<.05). Son olarak katılımcıların sıkıntıya dayanma düzeyini en çok yordayan değişkenlerin sırasıyla çaresiz yaklaşım, sosyal destek alma ve kendine güvenli yaklaşım olduğu ve toplam varyansın %19'unu açıkladığı tespit edilmiştir. Yani, düşük çaresiz yaklaşım, yüksek sosyal destek alma ve kendine güvenli yaklaşımın sıkıntıya dayanma olasılığını arttırdığı saptanmıştır. Bu çalışmanın sonucunda, hasta yakınlarının sıkıntıya dayanmada en çok duygu odaklı başa çıkma tarzlarından biri olan çaresiz yaklaşımı benimsedikleri görülmüştür. Bu yaklaşım yerine problem odaklı başa çıkma tarzlarına yönelik yapılacak müdahalelerin stresle baş etme becerilerini geliştirebileceği düşünülmektedir. Ayrıca sosyal destek alan hasta yakınlarının sıkıntıya dayanma düzeyinde artış sağlandığı için başta sağlık profesyonelleri olmak üzere yakın çevresi tarafından desteklenmesi ve gereksinimlerin karşılanması önemlidir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Sıkıntıya dayanma, stresle başa çıkma tarzları, covid 19, hasta yakınları. Tarih:
Objective: This study was conducted to examine the relationship between the level of endurance for the patient relatives hospitalized in Covid 19 wards and their coping styles with stress. In this study, relational survey model, which is one of the quantitative research methods, was applied. The population of the research consisted of patient relatives who received Covid 19 treatment in various clinics of a pandemic hospital. The sample of the study, on the other hand, consists of 302 patient relatives who met the inclusion criteria of the research as a result of the sample calculation made in the population of unknown size. The data of the study were obtained by using the Introductory Information Form, the Endurance of Distress Scale (DSS), and the Styles of Coping with Stress Scale (SSST). In the evaluation of the data; number, percentage, mean, standard deviation and minimum-maximum values were used for descriptive variables. In order to determine whether the variables are normally distributed, the normality was determined by looking at the kurtosis, skewness values and histogram graphs. Accordingly, T-Test, One Way Anova, Kruskal-Wallis, Mann Whitney U analysis tests were applied in Independent Groups. In the analysis of the continuous variables of the study Pearson correlation and to determine the predictors of the variables multiple linear regression analysis, was used. The mean age of the individuals participating in the study was 34.79 ± 9.75. The vast majority of the participants stated that they were in distress because of the fear of death and loss of the patients. It has been found that the level of endurance and tolerance of distress is higher for men than for women. It was found that the participants who stated they reduced smoking and increased healthy eating habits during the pandemic had higher levels of endurance against distress. It was also confirmed that as the participants' level of endurance to distress increased, proportionally their self-confident and optimistic coping styles increased (p<.01). Furthermore, it was determined that as the level of endurance increased, the helpless approach and the submissive approach decreased (p<.05). The level of endurance to distress was found to be higher in those who received social support compared to those who did not (p<.05). Finally, it was determined that the variables that predicted the level of endurance of the participants the most, respectively, were the helpless approach, social support and self-confident approach, explaining 19% of the total variance. In other words, low helpless approach, high social support and self-confident approach were found to increase the probability of enduring distress. As a result of this study, it was observed that the relatives of the patients mostly adopted the helpless approach, which is one of the most emotion-focused coping styles in endurance against distress. It is thought that, instead of the approach mentioned above, interventions for problem-focused coping styles can improve coping skills with stress. In addition, it is important that, patient relatives need to be supported and met their needs by their inner circles and especially by health professionals, as it was observed that their receiving this kind of social support has increased their level of endurance against distress. Key Words: Enduring distress, ways of coping with stress, covid 19, patient relatives. Date:
Objective: This study was conducted to examine the relationship between the level of endurance for the patient relatives hospitalized in Covid 19 wards and their coping styles with stress. In this study, relational survey model, which is one of the quantitative research methods, was applied. The population of the research consisted of patient relatives who received Covid 19 treatment in various clinics of a pandemic hospital. The sample of the study, on the other hand, consists of 302 patient relatives who met the inclusion criteria of the research as a result of the sample calculation made in the population of unknown size. The data of the study were obtained by using the Introductory Information Form, the Endurance of Distress Scale (DSS), and the Styles of Coping with Stress Scale (SSST). In the evaluation of the data; number, percentage, mean, standard deviation and minimum-maximum values were used for descriptive variables. In order to determine whether the variables are normally distributed, the normality was determined by looking at the kurtosis, skewness values and histogram graphs. Accordingly, T-Test, One Way Anova, Kruskal-Wallis, Mann Whitney U analysis tests were applied in Independent Groups. In the analysis of the continuous variables of the study Pearson correlation and to determine the predictors of the variables multiple linear regression analysis, was used. The mean age of the individuals participating in the study was 34.79 ± 9.75. The vast majority of the participants stated that they were in distress because of the fear of death and loss of the patients. It has been found that the level of endurance and tolerance of distress is higher for men than for women. It was found that the participants who stated they reduced smoking and increased healthy eating habits during the pandemic had higher levels of endurance against distress. It was also confirmed that as the participants' level of endurance to distress increased, proportionally their self-confident and optimistic coping styles increased (p<.01). Furthermore, it was determined that as the level of endurance increased, the helpless approach and the submissive approach decreased (p<.05). The level of endurance to distress was found to be higher in those who received social support compared to those who did not (p<.05). Finally, it was determined that the variables that predicted the level of endurance of the participants the most, respectively, were the helpless approach, social support and self-confident approach, explaining 19% of the total variance. In other words, low helpless approach, high social support and self-confident approach were found to increase the probability of enduring distress. As a result of this study, it was observed that the relatives of the patients mostly adopted the helpless approach, which is one of the most emotion-focused coping styles in endurance against distress. It is thought that, instead of the approach mentioned above, interventions for problem-focused coping styles can improve coping skills with stress. In addition, it is important that, patient relatives need to be supported and met their needs by their inner circles and especially by health professionals, as it was observed that their receiving this kind of social support has increased their level of endurance against distress. Key Words: Enduring distress, ways of coping with stress, covid 19, patient relatives. Date:
Description
Keywords
Hemşirelik, COVID 19, Hasta yakınları, Korona virüs enfeksiyonları, Nursing, Korona virüsler, COVID 19, Patient nearness, Psikolojik dayanıklılık, Coronavirus enfections, Coronaviridae, Stres yönetimi, Hardiness on psychological, Stresle başetme, Stress management, Coping with stress, Yatan hastalar, Inpatients