Türkiye'de kentsel dönüşüm ve imar uygulamalarında mevzuat incelemesi
No Thumbnail Available
Date
2022
Authors
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Open Access Color
OpenAIRE Downloads
OpenAIRE Views
Abstract
Geçmişi Sanayi Devrimine kadar uzanan, ancak zamanın ve şartların değişme hızı karşısında neredeyse her gün başka bir anlam daha kazanıp daha sık telaffuz edilen kentsel dönüşüm kavramanın; eski ve köhnemiş binaların yıkılıp, yerine yenilerinin yapılması olmadığı konusunda artık herkes hem fikir. Başta gecekondulaşma, göç, çarpık kentleşme, düzensiz ve izinsiz yapılaşma olmak üzere, yetersiz altyapı, doğal afetler ile çevre ve tarihi değerlerin korunamaması gibi sebepler, ülkemizde, sağlıksız ve niteliksiz kentsel alanlarının oluşmasına sebep olmuştur. Bu alanların dönüştürülüp kazanılması amacı ile gündeme gelen kentsel dönüşüm uygulamaları, geçen zamana rağmen maalesef, sorunları kesin ve etkin bir çözüme kavuşturamamıştır. Anlaşılan o ki yasal ve yönetimsel zeminde, teknik ve hukuki hatalar yapılmakta ve her hatalı hamle de beraberinde -veya sonrasında- kentleşme anlamında büyük sorunlar getirmektedir. Kentsel dönüşüm uygulamalarını gerektiren sebepler, en temelde ekonomik temellere dayanmaktadır. Başta ekonomik sebepler ve bu sebeplerin getirdiği yaşam şartları olmak üzere, yaşanılan coğrafya, zor iklim koşulları ile kırsal-kentseldeki fiziksel ve sosyal koşulların sunduğu yaşam alternatifleri düşünüldüğünde, kaçınılmaz olarak kendini gösteren bu göçler, kent çevrelerinde ve tabi kentlerde yoğun bir karmaşa ve hareketliliğe yol açmıştır. Yasa koyucular tarafından, oluşan tüm bu kaosa çözüm olarak da kentsel dönüşümler ve bazı imar affı uygulamaları düşünülmüştür. Ancak kentin öznesi olan insanın, olağan bir hukuk devleti ülkesinin standartlarında yaşayabilmesi fikri hep göz ardı edildiğinden, doğaldır ki bu uygulamalar hiçbir zaman tam anlamıyla bir başarıya ulaşamamıştır. Kentlerin yaşayan ve dinamik yapıları düşünüldüğünde, kentlerle ve kentsel düzenlemelerle ilgili mevzuatta sık sık değişiklik ve düzeltmelerin yapılması kaçınılmaz olmuştur. Burada yasa koyucuların, kentsel dönüşümün ve imar planlarının uygulama süreçlerini çok iyi takip edip, çok yönlü ve bilimsel bir çalışma yürüterek -ki bunun için de akademik kadroların, mutlak suretle sürece dahil edilmesi gerekmektedir- kimsenin hak kaybına uğramadığı; sosyal, kültürel, hukuki, teknik olarak bir bütünlük içinde olan, kentin ve kent insanının ihtiyaçlarına cevap veren, herkes için adil ve eşit koşulları oluşturacak kararlar almaları gerekmektedir. Bu tez çalışmasında, Kentsel dönüşüm ve onun direkt etkilediği mülkiyet hakkı, kentsel dönüşüm düzenlemeleri ile ayrı düşünülemeyen imar uygulamaları ve bu uygulamalardan da Arsa ve Arazi Düzenlemelerinin üzerinde durulup, sürdürülebilir ve bütüncül bir kentsel dönüşüm planlamasının önemi ve gereklilikleri anlatılmıştır. Deprem kuşağındaki ülkemiz için, sadece deprem -ya da başka bir doğal afet- sonrasında değil, daima gündemimizin ilk sırasında bulunması gereken kentsel dönüşüm sorunu, ancak devlet ciddiyeti, imkanları ve desteğiyle ele alındığı zaman başarı ile sonuçlanabilir. Burada büyük görev, Çevre, Şehircilik ve İklim Değişikliği Bakanlığı ile yerel ve merkezi yönetimlere düşmektedir. Uygulamadaki yasal mevzuatlar arasında bir bütünlük ve uyum olması, kentsel düzenlemelerin uygulanabilirliğini ve başarısını sağlayacaktır.
The concept of urban transformation, which dates to the Industrial Revolution, but which takes on a different meaning almost every day in the face of the speed of change in time and conditions and is pronounced more often; Everyone now agrees that old and outdated buildings are not demolished and replaced with new ones. Reasons such as slum dwelling, migration, crooked urbanization, irregular and unauthorized construction, inadequate infrastructure, natural disasters, and the inability to protect the environment and historical values have led to the formation of unhealthy and unqualified urban areas in our country. Urban transformation applications, which have come to the agenda to transform and acquire these areas, have unfortunately not been able to solve the problems definitively and effectively despite the passage of time. It seems that on the legal and administrative grounds, technical and legal mistakes are made, and every wrong move brings with it – or after – major problems in terms of urbanization. The reasons that require urban transformation applications are based on economic foundations. Considering the economic reasons and the living conditions brought about by these reasons, the geography in which they live, the difficult climatic conditions, and the living alternatives offered by the physical and social conditions in the rural-urban areas, these migrations, inevitably manifest themselves, have caused intense confusion and mobility in urban circles and of course in cities. As a solution to all this chaos, urban transformations and some zoning amnesty applications have been considered. However, since the idea that the human being, who is the subject of the city, can live by the standards of an ordinary state of the law is always ignored, it is natural that these practices have never achieved complete success. Considering the living and dynamic structures of cities, it has been inevitable to make frequent changes and corrections in the legislation related to cities and urban regulations. Here, legislators follow the implementation processes of urban transformation and zoning plans very well and carry out a multifaceted and scientific study – for which academic staff must be included in the process absolutely – so that no one suffers a loss of rights; They need to make decision that are socially, culturally, legally and technically integrated, that respond to the needs of the city and the people of the city, and that will create fair and equal conditions for everyone. In this thesis study, the importance and requirements of a sustainable and holistic urban transformation planning are explained by emphasizing the ownership right that is directly affected by urban transformation, zoning applications that cannot be considered separately from urban transformation regulations, and Land and Land Regulations from these applications. For our country in the earthquake zone, the problem of urban transformation, which should always be at the top of our agenda and not only after an earthquake – or any other natural disaster, can only result in success when it is addressed with the seriousness, opportunities, and support of the state. Here, the great task falls on the Ministry of Environment, Urbanization and Climate Change and its affiliated Directorates. Integrity and harmony between the applicable legal regulations will ensure the applicability and success of urban regulations.
The concept of urban transformation, which dates to the Industrial Revolution, but which takes on a different meaning almost every day in the face of the speed of change in time and conditions and is pronounced more often; Everyone now agrees that old and outdated buildings are not demolished and replaced with new ones. Reasons such as slum dwelling, migration, crooked urbanization, irregular and unauthorized construction, inadequate infrastructure, natural disasters, and the inability to protect the environment and historical values have led to the formation of unhealthy and unqualified urban areas in our country. Urban transformation applications, which have come to the agenda to transform and acquire these areas, have unfortunately not been able to solve the problems definitively and effectively despite the passage of time. It seems that on the legal and administrative grounds, technical and legal mistakes are made, and every wrong move brings with it – or after – major problems in terms of urbanization. The reasons that require urban transformation applications are based on economic foundations. Considering the economic reasons and the living conditions brought about by these reasons, the geography in which they live, the difficult climatic conditions, and the living alternatives offered by the physical and social conditions in the rural-urban areas, these migrations, inevitably manifest themselves, have caused intense confusion and mobility in urban circles and of course in cities. As a solution to all this chaos, urban transformations and some zoning amnesty applications have been considered. However, since the idea that the human being, who is the subject of the city, can live by the standards of an ordinary state of the law is always ignored, it is natural that these practices have never achieved complete success. Considering the living and dynamic structures of cities, it has been inevitable to make frequent changes and corrections in the legislation related to cities and urban regulations. Here, legislators follow the implementation processes of urban transformation and zoning plans very well and carry out a multifaceted and scientific study – for which academic staff must be included in the process absolutely – so that no one suffers a loss of rights; They need to make decision that are socially, culturally, legally and technically integrated, that respond to the needs of the city and the people of the city, and that will create fair and equal conditions for everyone. In this thesis study, the importance and requirements of a sustainable and holistic urban transformation planning are explained by emphasizing the ownership right that is directly affected by urban transformation, zoning applications that cannot be considered separately from urban transformation regulations, and Land and Land Regulations from these applications. For our country in the earthquake zone, the problem of urban transformation, which should always be at the top of our agenda and not only after an earthquake – or any other natural disaster, can only result in success when it is addressed with the seriousness, opportunities, and support of the state. Here, the great task falls on the Ministry of Environment, Urbanization and Climate Change and its affiliated Directorates. Integrity and harmony between the applicable legal regulations will ensure the applicability and success of urban regulations.
Description
Keywords
Jeodezi ve Fotogrametri, Geodesy and Photogrammetry
Turkish CoHE Thesis Center URL
Fields of Science
Citation
WoS Q
Scopus Q
Source
Volume
Issue
Start Page
End Page
88