Öğretmen Algılarına Göre Ortaöğretimde Okul İklimi ile Okul Müdürlerinin Yetkinliğe Dayalı İş Performansları Arasındaki İlişki
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2025
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Lise öğretmen algılarına göre okul iklimi düzeyi ile okul müdürleri yetkinliğe dayalı iş performansları arasındaki ilişkiyi ortaya çıkarmayı amaçlayan bu araştırmada nicel araştırma yöntemlerinden 'ilişkisel tarama modeli' kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın beş araştırma sorusu, '1) Lise öğretmenlerinin algılarına göre okul müdürleri yetkinliğine dayalı iş performansları ne düzeydedir? 2) Lise öğretmenlerinin algılarına göre okul müdürleri yetkinliğine dayalı iş performansları düzeyi; öğretmenlerin demografik bilgilerine a) cinsiyetine, b) öğrenim durumuna, c) öğretmenlikteki hizmet yılına, d) okuldaki öğrenci sayısına ve e) okuldaki öğretmen sayısına göre anlamlı farklılık göstermekte midir? 3) Lise öğretmenlerinin algılarına göre okul iklimi düzeyi nasıldır? 4) Lise öğretmenlerinin algılarına göre okul iklimi düzeyi; öğretmenlerin demografik bilgilerine a) cinsiyetine, b) öğrenim durumuna, c) öğretmenlikteki hizmet yılına, d) okuldaki öğrenci sayısına ve e) okuldaki öğretmen sayısına göre anlamlı farklılık göstermekte midir? 5) Lise öğretmenlerinin algılarına göre, okul iklimi düzeyi ile okul müdürleri yetkinliğe dayalı iş performansları düzeyi arasında anlamlı bir ilişki var mıdır?' olarak belirlenmiştir. Araştırmada İstanbul ilindeki Millî Eğitim Bakanlığına bağlı ortaöğretim okullarında, 2023- 2024 eğitim öğretim yılında görev yapan 385 lise öğretmeninden veriler toplanmıştır. Veri toplama ölçekleri olarak, Canlı ve diğerleri (2018) tarafından 'Okul İklimi Ölçeği' ve Çamur ve Göğüş (2023) tarafından okul müdürleri için geliştirilen ve Ögücü ve Göğüş tarafından (Ögücü, 2025) öğretmen versiyonu için geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması yapılan 'Okul Müdürleri Yetkinliğe Dayalı İş Performans Algıları Ölçeği' nin öğretmen versiyonu kullanılmıştır. Canlı ve diğerleri (2018) tarafından geliştirlen Okul İklimi Ölçeğinin 5 alt boyutu 'Demokratiklik ve Okula Adanma', 'Liderlik ve Etkileşim', 'Başarı Etkenleri', 'Samimiyet' ve 'Çatışma' boyutlarından oluşurken; bu çalışmada ölçek alt boyutları yapı geçerliğinde ortaya çıkmadığı için araştırmanın amacı için ölçeğin toplamını tek yapı olarak 'okul iklimi' ölçeği olarak kullanılmıştır. Okul Müdürleri Yetkinliğe Dayalı İş Performansı Algıları Ölçeği ise 6 alt boyutu olan 'Pedagojik Yönetim: Öğrenme ve Öğretme Süreçlerinde Değerlendirme ve Liderlik', 'Örgütsel Koşulları Oluşturma, Okulu ve Personeli Geliştirme', 'İletişim ve Değerler', 'Okul İçinde Uyum Yaratma ve Mesleki Gelişim', 'İzleme ve Rehberlik Etme', 'Finansal Kaynakların Sağlanması ve Yönetimi' boyutlarından oluşmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın veri analiz sürecinde, her iki ölçek için geçerlilik ve güvenirlik analizleri yapıldıktan sonra, araştırmanın beş sorusu doğrultusunda betimsel analizler gerçekleştirilmiştir. Demografik değişkenlere göre ölçek boyutlarının ortalamalarının gruplar arası farklılıkları incelemek amacıyla verilerin grup sayılarının normal dağılım göstermemesi nedeniyle, Mann-Whitney U ve Kruskal-Wallis testleri kullanılmıştır. Değişkenler arası ilişkileri incelemek için Spearman Korelasyon analizinde yararlanılmıştır. Veri analizlerinde SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) programı, IBM SPSS 28TM versiyonu ve LISREL 8.5TM yazılımı kullanılmıştır. Araştırma bulgularına göre, birinci araştırma sorusu olan 'lise öğretmenlerinin algılarına göre okul müdürleri yetkinliğine dayalı iş performanslarının düzeyleri' yüksek düzey algıyı göstermektedir. Ölçek alt boyutlarında ise, üç alt boyutta Pedagojik Yönetim: Öğrenme ve Öğretme Süreçlerinde Değerlendirme ve Liderlik, İletişim ve Değerler ile Okul İçinde Uyum Yaratma ve Mesleki Gelişim alt boyutlarında öğretmen algılarının orta düzeyde olduğu görülmektedir. Buna karşılık, dört alt boyutta, Örgütsel Koşulları Oluşturma, Okulu ve Personeli Geliştirme, İzleme ve Rehberlik Etme, Finansal Kaynakların Sağlanması ve Yönetimi ve genel olarak Yetkinliğe Dayalı İş Performansı boyutlarında algı düzeylerinin yüksek olduğu belirlenmiştir. Bu durum, yöneticilerin bazı alanlarda yetkin görülmesine karşın, pedagojik yönetim, öğretim süreçlerinde liderlik ve iletişim becerilerinin geliştirilmesine ihtiyaç duyulduğunu ortaya koymaktadır. İkinci araştırma sorusu olan 'Okul müdürleri yetkinliğe dayalı iş performansı öğretmen algıları öğretmenlerin demografik bilgilerine (a) cinsiyetine, b) öğrenim durumuna, c) öğretmenlikteki hizmet yılına, d) okuldaki öğrenci sayısına ve e) okuldaki öğretmen sayısına) göre anlamlı farklılık göstermekte midir?' sorusunda demografik bilgilere göre incelemeler yapılmıştır. Elde edilen bulgularda, 'öğretmenlerin cinsiyetine' göre ölçeğin tüm boyutlarında ve ölçekte cinsiyete göre anlamlı fark bulunmamaktadır. 'Öğretmenlerin öğrenim durumuna' göre, ölçeğin sadece 'Okul İçinde Uyum Yaratma ve Mesleki Gelişim' boyutunda lisans düzeyindeki katılımcıların algılarının genellikle lisansüstü düzeyindekilerden daha yüksek olduğu gözlemlenmiş olup, ölçeğin diğer boyutlarında öğrenim durumuna bağlı olarak anlamlı bir farklılık bulunmamıştır. 'Öğretmenlerin hizmet yılına' göre, Okul Müdürleri Yetkinliğine Dayalı İş Performansında anlamlı farklar bulunmuş, özellikle 21 yıl üzeri deneyime sahip öğretmenler ile 11-15 yıl deneyime sahip olanlar arasında farklılık görülmüştür. 'Okuldaki öğrenci sayısına' göre, 'lise öğretmenlerinin algılarına göre okul müdürlerinin yetkinliğine dayalı iş performanslarının düzey' algıları, öğrenci sayısı daha az olan okullar ile öğrenci sayısı daha fazla olan okullarla kıyaslandığında anlamlı farklılık göstermektedir. 'Okuldaki öğretmen sayısına' göre, okul müdürlerinin yetkinliğine dayalı iş performansı algılarının istatistiksel olarak anlamlı düzeyde 25-50 ile 51-75 sayıda görev yapan öğretmene sahip okullar farklılık saptanmıştır ve alt boyutlara göre ölçeğin beş alt boyutunda anlamlı farklılık bulunurken, 'Finansal Kaynakların Sağlanması ve Yönetimi' boyutunda anlamlı farklılık saptanmamıştır. Üçüncü araştırma sorusu bulgularına göre 'Lise öğretmenlerinin algılarına göre okul iklimi düzeyleri' yüksek düzeydedir. Ancak ölçeğe ait olan alt boyutlarda elde edilen sonuçlara göre; 'Çatışma' boyutu orta düzey şeklinde saptanırken, 'Demokratiklik ve okula adanma', 'Liderlik ve Etkileşim', 'Başarı Etkenleri' ve 'Samimiyet' boyutları yüksek düzeyde olduğu belirlenmiştir. Dördüncü araştırma sorusu olan 'Okul iklimi düzeyine ilişkin öğretmen algıları öğretmenlerin demografik bilgilerine (a) cinsiyetine, b) öğrenim durumuna, c) öğretmenlikteki hizmet yılına, d) okuldaki öğrenci sayısına ve e) okuldaki öğretmen sayısına) göre anlamlı farklılık göstermekte midir?' sorusunda demografik bilgilere göre incelemeler yapılmıştır. Elde edilen bulgularda, 'cinsiyete' göre, ölçek boyutlarında, 'anlamlı bir fark olmadığı' saptanmıştır. Bu durum, erkek ve kadın katılımcıların okul iklimini benzer şekilde algıladığını göstermektedir. 'Öğrenim durumuna' göre, lisans düzeyinde olan öğretmenlerin okul iklimine yönelik algısı, lisansüstü katılımcılara kıyasla 'anlamlı derecede daha yüksek' bulunmuştur. 'Okuldaki öğretmenlerin hizmet yılına' göre, öğretmenlerin hizmet yıllarına göre okul iklimi algıları arasında anlamlı fark bulunmuş; özellikle 6–10 yıl hizmet süresine sahip öğretmenlerle 21 yıl ve üzeri çalışanlar arasında anlamlı düzeyde farklılık saptanmıştır. 'Okuldaki öğrenci sayısına' göre, öğrenci sayısına göre okul iklimi algılarında anlamlı farklar bulunmuş; özellikle 251 ve üzeri öğrencisi olan okullarda görev yapan öğretmenlerin algılarının, 250 ve altı öğrencisi olan okullara göre istatistiksel olarak anlamlı düzeyde daha yüksek olduğu görülmüştür. 'Okuldaki öğretmen sayısına' göre okuldaki öğretmen sayısına göre okul iklimi algıları arasında anlamlı farklar bulunmuş; en yüksek algı 51–75 öğretmeni olan okullarda, en düşük ise 76 ve üzeri öğretmeni olan okullarda gözlenmiştir. Beşinci araştırma sorusunun bulgularına göre 'Öğretmenlerin okul iklimi düzeyi ile ilgili algıları ile okul müdürleri yetkinliğe dayalı performanslarına ilişkin algıları' arasında anlamlı pozitif orta düzey anlamlı bir ilişki bulunmaktadır. Okul iklimi ile okul müdürlerinin yetkinliğe dayalı iş performansı ölçeğinin diğer boyutları arasındaki ilişkilere bakıldığında sırasıyla, Pedagojik Yönetim, Örgütsel Koşulları Oluşturma, Okulu ve Personeli Geliştirme, Okul İçinde Uyum Yaratma ve Mesleki Gelişim ile pozitif orta düzey ilişki, İletişim ve Değerler, İzleme ve Rehberlik Etme, Finansal Kaynakların Sağlanması ve Yönetimi ile pozitif zayıf düzey anlamlı ilişki bulunmuştur. Okul Müdürleri Yetkinliğine Dayalı Iş Performansı ile Okul İklimi ölçeği alt boyutları arasında gözlemlenen korelasyon değerlerine göre, Demokratiklik ve Okula Aldanma, Liderlik ve Etkileşim, Başarı Etkenleri boyutları ile pozitif orta düzey ilişki gösterirken, Samimiyet boyutuyla pozitif zayıf düzeydedir, ancak Çatışma boyutu ile anlamlı bir ilişki bulunamamıştır. Sonuç olarak elde edilen bu bulguların, eğitim yönetimi ve okul müdürlerinin yetkinliklierinin geliştirilmesi alanında önemli pratik önerilere işaret etmektedir. Okul müdürlerinin yetkinliğe dayalı iş performanslarının geliştirilmesine yönelik sürekli eğitim programlarının uygulanması hem müdürlerin performansını artırmakta hem de okul iklimine dair olumlu algılarını güçlendirmektedir. Bu da okuldaki eğitimin kalitesine doğrudan katkı sağlayabilir. Ayrıca, okul ikliminin, öğretmenlerin iş birliğini ve motivasyonunu artırmada kritik bir rol oynadığı düşünüldüğünde, bu tür çalışmaların eğitim yönetimi politikalarının şekillendirilmesinde yol gösterici olması beklenmektedir. Bu çalışma eğitimde yönetim kalitesinin önemini, müdürlerin yetkinliğe dayalı iş performanslarının ve okul ikliminin birbiriyle doğrudan ilişkili olduğunu ortaya koyarak, daha etkili, verimli, başarılı bir okul ortamı için müdürlerin profesyonel gelişimine yatırım yapılmasının gerekliliğini vurgulamaktadır. Okul müdürü yetkinlikleri, iş performansı ve okul iklimi arasındaki bu karşılıklı etkileşim, yalnızca öğretmenlerin değil, öğrencilerin de başarı ve memnuniyet düzeylerine olumlu yansıyacaktır. Bu bağlamda, araştırma, eğitim kurumlarında demokratiklik, okul aidieti, samimiyet, liderlik ve başarı etkenleri, iş birliği ve sürdürülebilir yönetim uygulamaları için güçlü bir temel oluşturma potansiyeline sahiptir. Anahtar kelimeler: okul iklimi, iş performansı, okul müdürlerinin yetkinliği, performans, okul müdürleri yetkinliğe dayalı iş performansları
In this study, which aims to reveal the relationship between the level of school climate and the competence-based job performance of school principals according to high school teachers' perceptions, the 'relational survey model', one of the quantitative research methods, was used. The five research questions of the study are as follows: 1) According to high school teachers' perceptions, what is the level of school principals' competence-based job performance? 2) Does the level of school principals' competence-based job performance, according to high school teachers' perceptions, show a significant difference based on teachers' demographic characteristics a) gender, b) educational background, c) teachers' years of service, d) number of students in the school, and e) number of teachers in the school? 3) According to high school teachers' perceptions, what is the level of school climate? 4) Does the level of school climate, according to high school teachers' perceptions, show a significant difference based on teachers' demographic characteristics a) gender, b) educational background, c) teachers' years of service, d) number of students in the school, and e) number of teachers in the school? 5) According to high school teachers' perceptions, is there a significant relationship between the level of school climate and the level of school principals' competence-based job performance? In the study, data were collected from 380 high school teachers working in secondary education institutions affiliated with the Ministry of National Education in the province of Istanbul during the 2023–2024 academic year. As data collection tools, the 'School Climate Scale' developed by Canlı et al. (2018), and the teacher version of the 'Principals' Competence-Based Job Performance Perception Scale', originally developed for school principals by Çamur and Göğüş (2023) and later validated and tested for reliability for the teacher version by Öğücü and Göğüş (Ögücü, 2025), were used. While the School Climate Scale developed by Canlı et al. (2018) consists of 5 sub-dimensions, namely 'Democracy and Commitment to School', 'Leadership and Interaction', 'Success Factors', 'Sincerity' and 'Conflict'; since the sub-dimensions of the scale did not emerge in the construct validity in this study, the total of the scale was used as a single construct, the 'school climate' scale, for the purpose of the research. The Principals' Competence-Based Job Performance Perception Scale comprises six sub-dimensions: 'Pedagogical Leadership: Assessment and Leadership in Learning and Teaching Processes', 'Creating Organizational Conditions and Developing the School and Staff', 'Communication and Values', 'Creating Harmony within the School and Professional Development', 'Monitoring and Guidance' and 'Provision and Management of Financial Resources'. During the data analysis process of this study, after conducting validity and reliability analyses for both scales, descriptive analyses were carried out to address the five research questions. During the data analysis process of this study, validity and reliability analyses were conducted for both scales. Descriptive analyses were carried out in line with the five research questions. In order to examine group differences in the means of the scale dimensions according to demographic variables, Mann-Whitney U and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used because the data group numbers did not show normal distribution. Spearman Correlation analysis was employed to examine the relationships between variables. The SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) software with IBM SPSS 28TM version and LISREL 8.5TM software were used in data analysis. According to the research findings, the first research question, which investigates 'the level of competence-based job performance of school principals based on high school teachers' perceptions', indicates a high level of perceived performance. When examined in terms of sub-dimensions of the scale, three sub-dimensions—'Pedagogical Leadership: Assessment and Leadership in Learning and Teaching Processes', 'Communication and Values' and 'Creating Harmony within the School and Professional Development'— reflect a medium level of perception. On the other hand, four sub-dimensions—'Creating Organizational Conditions and Developing the School and Staff', 'Monitoring and Guidance' and 'Provision and Management of Financial Resources'— show a high level of perceived performance. This situation reveals that although administrators are considered competent in some areas, there is a need to develop pedagogical management, leadership in teaching processes and communication skills. Regarding the second research question, which asks, 'Does the competence-based job performance of school principals, as perceived by teachers, significantly differ according to teachers' demographic characteristics (a) gender, b) educational background, c) teachers' years of service, d) number of students in the school, and e) number of teachers in the school)?', analyses were conducted based on demographic variables. The findings revealed that, in terms of 'teachers' gender', there is no significant difference in all dimensions of the scale and in terms of gender. According to 'teachers' educational background', it was observed that only in the sub-dimension 'Creating Harmony within the School and Professional Development' did participants with undergraduate degrees generally report higher perceptions compared to those with graduate degrees, while no significant differences were found in the other sub-dimensions of the scale based on educational background. Regarding 'teachers' years of service', no significant differences were found among the groups in the overall scale or in four of the sub-dimensions, with similar levels of perception observed across all experience groups. However, in the sub-dimension 'Creating Organizational Conditions and Developing the School and Staff', teachers with over 21 years of experience reported the highest levels of perception, while those with 11–15 years of experience reported the lowest. In the sub-dimension 'Monitoring and Guidance', a notable difference was observed particularly between teachers with 6–10 years of experience and those with 1–5 years and 11–15 years of experience. According to the 'number of students in the school', significant differences were found in all sub-dimensions, indicating that the perceived levels of school principals' competence-based job performance by high school teachers were significantly higher in schools with a larger student population compared to smaller schools. Regarding the 'number of teachers in the school', a statistically significant difference was found in the perception of job performance based on the competence of school principals in schools with 25-50 and 51-75 teachers, and while there were significant differences in five sub-dimensions of the scale, no significant difference was found in the 'Provision and Management of Financial Resources' dimension. According to the findings related to the third research question, 'the level of school climate based on high school teachers' perceptions' was found to be at a high level. The results indicate that participants' perceptions of the school climate vary, yet they are generally high. When the sub-dimensions are examined, it is observed that democracy and commitment to school, leadership and interaction, success factors, and sincerity are perceived at a high level. However, the conflict dimension is perceived at a moderate level. Regarding the fourth research question, which asks whether 'teachers' perceptions of school climate significantly differ according to their demographic characteristics (a) gender, b) educational background, c) teachers' years of service, d) number of students in the school and e) number of teachers in the school)' analyses were conducted based on these demographic variables. The findings revealed that in terms of gender, there were no statistically significant differences across the sub-dimensions of the scale, indicating that male and female participants perceived the school climate similarly. According to educational background, teachers with a bachelor's degree had significantly higher perceptions of the school climate compared to those with graduate-level education. Significant differences were found in teachers' perceptions of school climate based on their years of service at the school. In particular, a statistically significant difference was identified between teachers with 6–10 years of service and those with 21 years or more. Similarly, significant differences were observed in school climate perceptions based on the number of students in the school. Teachers working in schools with more than 251 students reported significantly higher perceptions of school climate compared to those working in schools with 250 students or fewer. Regarding the number of teachers in the school, significant differences in school climate perceptions were also found. The highest levels of perception were observed in schools with 51–75 teachers, while the lowest levels were reported in schools with more than 76 teachers. According to the findings of the fifth research question, there is a significant positive relationship between 'teachers' perceptions of school climate and their perceptions of school principals' competence-based performance'. When the relationships between school climate and other dimensions of the competency-based job performance scale of school principals are examined, a positive medium-level relationship was found with Pedagogical Management, Creating Organizational Conditions, Developing School and Personnel, Creating Harmony Within School and Professional Development, and a positive weak-level significant relationship was found with Communication and Values, Monitoring and Guidance, Provision and Management of Financial Resources. According to the correlation values observed between the Competency-Based Job Performance of School Principals and the sub-dimensions of the School Climate scale, a positive medium-level relationship was found with the dimensions of Democracy and Deception in School, Leadership and Interaction, Success Factors, a positive weak-level relationship was found with the dimension of Sincerity, but no significant relationship was found with the dimension of Conflict. As a result, these findings indicate important practical suggestions in the field of educational management and the development of competencies of school principals. The implementation of continuous training programs aimed at the development of competency-based job performance of school principals both increases the performance of principals and strengthens their positive perceptions of school climate. This can directly contribute to the quality of education in schools. In addition, considering that school climate plays a critical role in increasing teachers' cooperation and motivation, such studies are expected to guide the shaping of educational management policies. This study emphasizes the importance of management quality in education, the direct relationship between principals' competency-based job performance and school climate, and the necessity of investing in the professional development of principals for a more effective, efficient, and successful school environment. This mutual interaction between school principal competencies, job performance, and school climate will positively reflect not only on teachers' but also on students' success and satisfaction levels. In this context, the research has the potential to create a strong foundation for democracy, school belonging, sincerity, leadership and success factors, cooperation, and sustainable management practices in educational institutions. Keywords: school climate, job performance, principals' competency, performance, principals' competency-based job performance
In this study, which aims to reveal the relationship between the level of school climate and the competence-based job performance of school principals according to high school teachers' perceptions, the 'relational survey model', one of the quantitative research methods, was used. The five research questions of the study are as follows: 1) According to high school teachers' perceptions, what is the level of school principals' competence-based job performance? 2) Does the level of school principals' competence-based job performance, according to high school teachers' perceptions, show a significant difference based on teachers' demographic characteristics a) gender, b) educational background, c) teachers' years of service, d) number of students in the school, and e) number of teachers in the school? 3) According to high school teachers' perceptions, what is the level of school climate? 4) Does the level of school climate, according to high school teachers' perceptions, show a significant difference based on teachers' demographic characteristics a) gender, b) educational background, c) teachers' years of service, d) number of students in the school, and e) number of teachers in the school? 5) According to high school teachers' perceptions, is there a significant relationship between the level of school climate and the level of school principals' competence-based job performance? In the study, data were collected from 380 high school teachers working in secondary education institutions affiliated with the Ministry of National Education in the province of Istanbul during the 2023–2024 academic year. As data collection tools, the 'School Climate Scale' developed by Canlı et al. (2018), and the teacher version of the 'Principals' Competence-Based Job Performance Perception Scale', originally developed for school principals by Çamur and Göğüş (2023) and later validated and tested for reliability for the teacher version by Öğücü and Göğüş (Ögücü, 2025), were used. While the School Climate Scale developed by Canlı et al. (2018) consists of 5 sub-dimensions, namely 'Democracy and Commitment to School', 'Leadership and Interaction', 'Success Factors', 'Sincerity' and 'Conflict'; since the sub-dimensions of the scale did not emerge in the construct validity in this study, the total of the scale was used as a single construct, the 'school climate' scale, for the purpose of the research. The Principals' Competence-Based Job Performance Perception Scale comprises six sub-dimensions: 'Pedagogical Leadership: Assessment and Leadership in Learning and Teaching Processes', 'Creating Organizational Conditions and Developing the School and Staff', 'Communication and Values', 'Creating Harmony within the School and Professional Development', 'Monitoring and Guidance' and 'Provision and Management of Financial Resources'. During the data analysis process of this study, after conducting validity and reliability analyses for both scales, descriptive analyses were carried out to address the five research questions. During the data analysis process of this study, validity and reliability analyses were conducted for both scales. Descriptive analyses were carried out in line with the five research questions. In order to examine group differences in the means of the scale dimensions according to demographic variables, Mann-Whitney U and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used because the data group numbers did not show normal distribution. Spearman Correlation analysis was employed to examine the relationships between variables. The SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) software with IBM SPSS 28TM version and LISREL 8.5TM software were used in data analysis. According to the research findings, the first research question, which investigates 'the level of competence-based job performance of school principals based on high school teachers' perceptions', indicates a high level of perceived performance. When examined in terms of sub-dimensions of the scale, three sub-dimensions—'Pedagogical Leadership: Assessment and Leadership in Learning and Teaching Processes', 'Communication and Values' and 'Creating Harmony within the School and Professional Development'— reflect a medium level of perception. On the other hand, four sub-dimensions—'Creating Organizational Conditions and Developing the School and Staff', 'Monitoring and Guidance' and 'Provision and Management of Financial Resources'— show a high level of perceived performance. This situation reveals that although administrators are considered competent in some areas, there is a need to develop pedagogical management, leadership in teaching processes and communication skills. Regarding the second research question, which asks, 'Does the competence-based job performance of school principals, as perceived by teachers, significantly differ according to teachers' demographic characteristics (a) gender, b) educational background, c) teachers' years of service, d) number of students in the school, and e) number of teachers in the school)?', analyses were conducted based on demographic variables. The findings revealed that, in terms of 'teachers' gender', there is no significant difference in all dimensions of the scale and in terms of gender. According to 'teachers' educational background', it was observed that only in the sub-dimension 'Creating Harmony within the School and Professional Development' did participants with undergraduate degrees generally report higher perceptions compared to those with graduate degrees, while no significant differences were found in the other sub-dimensions of the scale based on educational background. Regarding 'teachers' years of service', no significant differences were found among the groups in the overall scale or in four of the sub-dimensions, with similar levels of perception observed across all experience groups. However, in the sub-dimension 'Creating Organizational Conditions and Developing the School and Staff', teachers with over 21 years of experience reported the highest levels of perception, while those with 11–15 years of experience reported the lowest. In the sub-dimension 'Monitoring and Guidance', a notable difference was observed particularly between teachers with 6–10 years of experience and those with 1–5 years and 11–15 years of experience. According to the 'number of students in the school', significant differences were found in all sub-dimensions, indicating that the perceived levels of school principals' competence-based job performance by high school teachers were significantly higher in schools with a larger student population compared to smaller schools. Regarding the 'number of teachers in the school', a statistically significant difference was found in the perception of job performance based on the competence of school principals in schools with 25-50 and 51-75 teachers, and while there were significant differences in five sub-dimensions of the scale, no significant difference was found in the 'Provision and Management of Financial Resources' dimension. According to the findings related to the third research question, 'the level of school climate based on high school teachers' perceptions' was found to be at a high level. The results indicate that participants' perceptions of the school climate vary, yet they are generally high. When the sub-dimensions are examined, it is observed that democracy and commitment to school, leadership and interaction, success factors, and sincerity are perceived at a high level. However, the conflict dimension is perceived at a moderate level. Regarding the fourth research question, which asks whether 'teachers' perceptions of school climate significantly differ according to their demographic characteristics (a) gender, b) educational background, c) teachers' years of service, d) number of students in the school and e) number of teachers in the school)' analyses were conducted based on these demographic variables. The findings revealed that in terms of gender, there were no statistically significant differences across the sub-dimensions of the scale, indicating that male and female participants perceived the school climate similarly. According to educational background, teachers with a bachelor's degree had significantly higher perceptions of the school climate compared to those with graduate-level education. Significant differences were found in teachers' perceptions of school climate based on their years of service at the school. In particular, a statistically significant difference was identified between teachers with 6–10 years of service and those with 21 years or more. Similarly, significant differences were observed in school climate perceptions based on the number of students in the school. Teachers working in schools with more than 251 students reported significantly higher perceptions of school climate compared to those working in schools with 250 students or fewer. Regarding the number of teachers in the school, significant differences in school climate perceptions were also found. The highest levels of perception were observed in schools with 51–75 teachers, while the lowest levels were reported in schools with more than 76 teachers. According to the findings of the fifth research question, there is a significant positive relationship between 'teachers' perceptions of school climate and their perceptions of school principals' competence-based performance'. When the relationships between school climate and other dimensions of the competency-based job performance scale of school principals are examined, a positive medium-level relationship was found with Pedagogical Management, Creating Organizational Conditions, Developing School and Personnel, Creating Harmony Within School and Professional Development, and a positive weak-level significant relationship was found with Communication and Values, Monitoring and Guidance, Provision and Management of Financial Resources. According to the correlation values observed between the Competency-Based Job Performance of School Principals and the sub-dimensions of the School Climate scale, a positive medium-level relationship was found with the dimensions of Democracy and Deception in School, Leadership and Interaction, Success Factors, a positive weak-level relationship was found with the dimension of Sincerity, but no significant relationship was found with the dimension of Conflict. As a result, these findings indicate important practical suggestions in the field of educational management and the development of competencies of school principals. The implementation of continuous training programs aimed at the development of competency-based job performance of school principals both increases the performance of principals and strengthens their positive perceptions of school climate. This can directly contribute to the quality of education in schools. In addition, considering that school climate plays a critical role in increasing teachers' cooperation and motivation, such studies are expected to guide the shaping of educational management policies. This study emphasizes the importance of management quality in education, the direct relationship between principals' competency-based job performance and school climate, and the necessity of investing in the professional development of principals for a more effective, efficient, and successful school environment. This mutual interaction between school principal competencies, job performance, and school climate will positively reflect not only on teachers' but also on students' success and satisfaction levels. In this context, the research has the potential to create a strong foundation for democracy, school belonging, sincerity, leadership and success factors, cooperation, and sustainable management practices in educational institutions. Keywords: school climate, job performance, principals' competency, performance, principals' competency-based job performance
Description
Keywords
Eğitim ve Öğretim, Education and Training
Turkish CoHE Thesis Center URL
WoS Q
Scopus Q
Source
Volume
Issue
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172