Otizmli çocukların beslenmesi ve ailelerinin tutumu
Abstract
Otizm spektrum bozukluğu (OSB), davranışsal, sosyal, bilişsel gerilik ve gelişimsel yetersizlik türü olarak seyreden nörogelişimsel bir bozukluktur. Otizmli çocukların takıntılı davranışları, beslenme alışkanlıklarını ve davranışlarını da etkilemektedir. Bu araştırma, kesitsel bir araştırmadır, otizmli çocukların beslenme alışkanlıkları, beslenme davranışları ve ailelerinin tutumları ölçülmüştür. Araştırma Kocaeli Körfez ilçesinde bulunan bir özel eğitim okulunda yürütülmüştür. Araştırmanın evrenini, 0-10 yaş arasındaki 40 otizmli çocuk ve aileleri oluşturmaktadır. Çocukların beslenme davranışlarını, alışkanlıklarını ve ailelerin çocukların beslenmelerine karşı tutumlarının öğrenilebilmesi için, katılımcılara araştırmacı tarafından hazırlanan anket ve besin tüketim sıklığı formu verilmiştir. Araştırmada elde edilen veriler, IBM SPSS Statistics SPSS V23 programı kullanılmıştır. Verilerin analizinde, Mann Whitney U Testi, Bağımsız Örnekler t Testi, Kikare Testi analizlerinden yararlanılmıştır. Analiz sonuçları için ortalama, standart sapma, frekans ve yüzdeden yararlanılmıştır. Otizmin cinsiyet üzerine dağılımı incelendiğinde %72,5 erkek, %27,5 kız çocuklarında görüldüğü tespit edilmiştir. Otizmli çocukların beslenme davranışları incelendiğinde, %52,5'inin yemek yemeyi reddettiği, %22,5'inin çiğneme zorluğu yaşadığı saptanmıştır. Çocukların yaptıkları ana öğünler incelendiğinde, %97,5'inin akşam yemeği, %90'ının kahvaltı, %82,5'inin öğle yemeği öğününü yaptığı belirlenmiştir. Ailelerin %80'inin çocuklarına özel diyet uygulamadığı, %20'sinin otizm için özel diyet uyguladığı belirlenmiştir. Otizmli çocukların tükettikleri gıdalar ile BKI değerleri karşılaştırıldığında, şeker, çikolata tüketme durumu ve BKI değerleri arasında anlamlı sonuç bulunmuştur. (p=0,015). Otizmli çocukların dengeli, düzenli beslenerek büyüme ve gelişmelerinin sağlıklı olması, ailelerin çocuklarının beslenmeleri konusunda bilgi olması ve beslenme davranışlarının düzeltilebilmesi için daha çok çalışma yapılması gerekmektedir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Beslenme, Otizm, Otizm ve aile, Otizm ve beslenme.
This research was conducted in a special education school in Körfez District of Kocaeli Province. The population of the research consists of 40 children with autism between the ages of 0 and 10 and their families. The participants were given the survey and the food consumption frequency form, which were prepared by the researcher, in order to learn the children's nutritional behaviors and habits and the families' attitudes towards the nutrition of the children. The surveys and the forms were filled in by the families by interviewing the families and children face-to-face after the families were informed about the research. The type of the research is cross-sectional; the nutritional habits and nutritional behaviors of the children with autism and families' attitudes were measured. Application of the survey took 1 month. While the data obtained from the study were being assessed, IBM SPSS Statistics SPSS V23 (IBM SPSS, Turkey) was used for statistical analyses. The Mann-Whitney U test, Independent-Samples t-test, Chi-Square Test were utilized for data analysis; mean, standard deviation, frequency and percentage were used for the analysis results. The significance level was selected as p<0.05 for comparison. When the distribution of autism over gender was reviewed, it was observed in boys by 72.5% and girls by 27.5%. When the nutritional behaviors of the children with autism were reviewed, 52.5% were found to reject eating and 22.5% had difficulty in chewing. When the main meals of the children were reviewed, it was discovered that 90% had breakfast, 82.5% had lunch and 97.5% had dinner. It was revealed that 80% of the families did not apply a special diet on their children and 20% applied a special diet for autism. When the foods consumed by children with autism and BMI values were compared, a significant result was found between the status of sugar and chocolate consumption and BMI values (p=0.015). More studies are required so that children with autism can have balanced and regular nutrition and grow up healthily, families can have information about the nutrition of their children and nutritional behaviors can be improved. Key Words: Nutrition, Autism, Autism and family, Autism and nutrition.
This research was conducted in a special education school in Körfez District of Kocaeli Province. The population of the research consists of 40 children with autism between the ages of 0 and 10 and their families. The participants were given the survey and the food consumption frequency form, which were prepared by the researcher, in order to learn the children's nutritional behaviors and habits and the families' attitudes towards the nutrition of the children. The surveys and the forms were filled in by the families by interviewing the families and children face-to-face after the families were informed about the research. The type of the research is cross-sectional; the nutritional habits and nutritional behaviors of the children with autism and families' attitudes were measured. Application of the survey took 1 month. While the data obtained from the study were being assessed, IBM SPSS Statistics SPSS V23 (IBM SPSS, Turkey) was used for statistical analyses. The Mann-Whitney U test, Independent-Samples t-test, Chi-Square Test were utilized for data analysis; mean, standard deviation, frequency and percentage were used for the analysis results. The significance level was selected as p<0.05 for comparison. When the distribution of autism over gender was reviewed, it was observed in boys by 72.5% and girls by 27.5%. When the nutritional behaviors of the children with autism were reviewed, 52.5% were found to reject eating and 22.5% had difficulty in chewing. When the main meals of the children were reviewed, it was discovered that 90% had breakfast, 82.5% had lunch and 97.5% had dinner. It was revealed that 80% of the families did not apply a special diet on their children and 20% applied a special diet for autism. When the foods consumed by children with autism and BMI values were compared, a significant result was found between the status of sugar and chocolate consumption and BMI values (p=0.015). More studies are required so that children with autism can have balanced and regular nutrition and grow up healthily, families can have information about the nutrition of their children and nutritional behaviors can be improved. Key Words: Nutrition, Autism, Autism and family, Autism and nutrition.
Description
Keywords
Beslenme ve Diyetetik, Aile, Aile tutumu, Nutrition and Dietetics, Beslenme, Family, Family attitude, Otistik bozukluklar, Nutrition, Otistik çocuklar, Autistic disorder, Autistic children, Otizm spektrum bozukluğu, Autism spectrum disorder