Farklı unlara üzüm çekirdeği unu eklenerek hazırlanan kapkeklerin tekstür, antioksidan ve duyusal özelliklerinin incelenmesi
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2020
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Bu çalışmada amaç tam buğday (Triticum monococcum L.) unu, tam siyez (Triticum monococcum L.) unu, tam yulaf (Avena sativa L.) unu ile hazırlanan keklere üzüm çekirdeği unu (iki farklı oranda %7,5 ve %15) eklenerek, üzüm çekirdeği ununun keklerin, fiziko-kimyasal, renk, dokusal ve duyusal özeliklere ve fenolik profillere olan etkisinin araştırılmasıdır. Tüm örneklerin nem, protein ve yağ içeriği, üzüm çekirdeği unu ilavesi ile artmıştır. Üzüm çekirdeği unu ilave edilen keklerde, toplam fenolik ve toplam flavonoid içeriği önemli ölçüde artmıştır (p<0.05). Ayrıca, tam yulaf unu içeren kapkeklerin toplam fenolik ve flavonoid içeriği ve toplam antioksidan kapasitesi tam siyez unu ve tam buğday unu içerikli örneklerden daha fazla olarak sonuçlanmıştır. O-kumarik asit, kafeik asit, gallik asit, filorizin, kemferol, trans-resveratrol, (-)-epikateşin, t-sinnamik asit, (+)-kateşin ve epigallokateşin galat dahil olmak üzere on fenolik bileşik tespit edilmiş ve ölçülmüştür. Tüm kapkek örneklerinin içeriğindeki sertlik ve çiğneme değerleri arasında istatiksel olarak önemli farklılıklar tespit edilmiştir (p<0.05). Artan miktarda üzüm çekirdeği unu ilavesi ile birlikte iç renginde ve kabuk renginde genellikle L, a ve b değerlerinin azaldığı gözlenmiştir. Duyusal tüketici tercih testi sonuçları, farklı unlar kullanılarak üretilen kapkek ürünleri arasında beğeni açısından istatiksel olarak önemli olmayan farklılıkların olduğunu göstermiştir (p>0.05). Test sonuçlarının sıralanmasıyla, kabuk rengi, koku, ufalanma özelliklerine göre tam buğday %15 üzüm çekirdeği unu içeren örnek daha çok beğenilmekle birlikte, onu siyez %15 ve tam yulaf %15 üzüm çekirdeği unu içeren örnek takip etmiştir.
The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of adding grape seed flour (in two different doses 7.5% and 15%) to muffin cakes prepared using whole wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) flour, whole siyez wheat (Triticum monococcum L.) flour and whole oat (Avena sativa L.) flour on the antioxidant capacity, physicochemical, color, textural and sensory properties and phenolic profiles. Moisture, protein and lipid contents of all samples were increased with increased amount of grape seed flour addition. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents were increased significantly (p<0.05) by addition of grape seed flour. Besides, the muffin cakes including whole oat wheat resulted in higher total phenolic and flavonoid contents and total antioxidant capacities than whole siyez wheat and whole wheat muffin cake samples. Ten phenolic compounds were identified and quantified including o-coumaric acid, caffeic acid, gallic acid, phlorizin, kaempherol, trans-resveratrol, (-)-epicatechin, t-cinnamic acid, (+)-catechin and epigallocatechin gallate. There were statistically significant differences between all samples of muffin cakes including hardness and chewiness values (p < 0.05). It was observed that generally L, a and b values were decreased in crumb and crust with addition of increasing amounts of grape seed flour. Sensory consumer test results represented there were insignificant differences between muffin cake products produced using different flours. As a result of ranking test results, W15 sample was mostly liked, following with S15 and OAT15 samples according to crust color, odor and crumbliness characteristics.
The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of adding grape seed flour (in two different doses 7.5% and 15%) to muffin cakes prepared using whole wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) flour, whole siyez wheat (Triticum monococcum L.) flour and whole oat (Avena sativa L.) flour on the antioxidant capacity, physicochemical, color, textural and sensory properties and phenolic profiles. Moisture, protein and lipid contents of all samples were increased with increased amount of grape seed flour addition. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents were increased significantly (p<0.05) by addition of grape seed flour. Besides, the muffin cakes including whole oat wheat resulted in higher total phenolic and flavonoid contents and total antioxidant capacities than whole siyez wheat and whole wheat muffin cake samples. Ten phenolic compounds were identified and quantified including o-coumaric acid, caffeic acid, gallic acid, phlorizin, kaempherol, trans-resveratrol, (-)-epicatechin, t-cinnamic acid, (+)-catechin and epigallocatechin gallate. There were statistically significant differences between all samples of muffin cakes including hardness and chewiness values (p < 0.05). It was observed that generally L, a and b values were decreased in crumb and crust with addition of increasing amounts of grape seed flour. Sensory consumer test results represented there were insignificant differences between muffin cake products produced using different flours. As a result of ranking test results, W15 sample was mostly liked, following with S15 and OAT15 samples according to crust color, odor and crumbliness characteristics.
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Gastronomi ve Mutfak Sanatları, Gıda Mühendisliği, Antioksidan kapasite, Gastronomy and Culinary Arts, Food Engineering, Duyusal analiz, Antioxidant capacity, Kek, Sensory analysis, Cake, Üzüm çekirdeği unu, Grape seed powder
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127