Bilgi ve iletişim teknolojileri kullanım yeterliliği ile dijital okuryazarlık seviyelerinin pandemi dönemi sonrası önemi: Havacılık sektöründe bir araştırma
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2021
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Günümüzde bilgi ve iletişim teknolojileri okuryazarlığı ile dijital okuryazarlık kavramlarının en net tanımı 'dijital çağda hayatta kalma becerisi' olarak ifade edilebilir. Bu çalışmada; Sivil Havacılık sektörü çalışanlarının bilgi ve iletişim teknolojileri kullanım yeterlilikleri ile dijital okuryazarlık algı seviyelerinin Covid-19 Pandemi dönemi sonrası önemi araştırılmıştır. Araştırma, 2021 yılında Türk Sivil Havacılık sektöründe faaliyet gösteren, havayolu şirketleri, havalimanı ve uçak özel güvenlik şirketleri, havacılık temsil gözetim ve yer hizmeti şirketleri ile havacılık eğitimi veren şirket çalışanları üzerinde yapılmıştır. Çalışmamızın örneklemini İstanbul merkezli Sivil Havacılık sektöründe çalışan toplam 407 kişi oluşturmaktadır. Bu araştırmanın verileri 2 farklı ölçek aracılığı 'Bilgi ve İletişim Teknolojileri Kullanım Yeterlilik Ölçeği- Dijital Okuryazarlık Algı Seviyeleri Ölçeği' ile toplanmıştır. Araştırma verileri sonrasında ölçeklere uygulanan güvenilirlik analizi sonucunda genel ölçek Cronbach Alfa değeri 0.952 ve yine yapılan faktör analizi de 0.963 olarak bulunmuştur. Araştırmada katılımcıların bilgi ve iletişim teknolojileri kullanım yeterlilikleri ile dijital okuryazarlık algı seviyelerinin belirlenmesi için; nicel veriler sırasıyla temel istatistiksel ölçülerle (aritmetik ortalama, standart sapma) özetlenmiş ve ikili karşılaştırmalarda kullanılmıştır. Varyansların homojenliğinin testi için ise; Levene varyans homojenliği, ilişkisel çoklu karşılaştırmalar için; Brown-Forsythe, Dunnett's T3 ile ikili grup karşılaştırmalarında; bağımsız örneklem t testi, ile çoklu karşılaştırmalar için; one way ANOVA, tek yönlü anova testi ve alt boyutlar arası ilişkilerin analizi için Pearson Korelasyon ilişki testleri uygulanmıştır. İki farklı ölçek ve alt boyutlarının birbirileri ile olan istatistiksel ilişki analizi için, çoklu regresyon analizi uygulanmıştır. Bu regresyon analizi ile bağımsız değişkenlerin bağımlı değişkenler üzerindeki etkileri yordanmıştır. Verilerin istatistiksel analizi IBM SPSS 27 programında tamamlanmıştır. Havacılık sektörü çalışanlarının bilgi ve iletişim teknolojileri kullanım yeterlilikleri incelendiğinde; çalışanların bir boyut hariç tüm boyutlarda yeterlilik düzeylerinin orta iyi ve iyi olduğu görülmekte, sadece kurumsal yazılım programı kullanım yeterliliğinin diğer boyutlara kıyasla daha düşük olduğu saptanmıştır. Ayrıca katılımcıların, öğrenim düzeylerine, çalıştıkları sektör faaliyet alanına, yaşlarına ve departmanlarına göre yeterlilik düzeylerinin değişim gösterdiği saptanmıştır. İnternet kullanım bilgisi, kelime işlemci kullanım yeterliliği, sunum programı kullanım yeterliliklerinin; işletim sistemi, donanım bilgisi, hesap çizelgesi kullanım yeterlilikleri ile kurumsal yazılım kullanım yeterliliklerinden daha yüksek olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Özellikle havacılık sektörü çalışanlarının departmanlarına göre kullanım yeterlilikleri arasında anlamlı farklılıklar olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Çalışmada 'donanım, işletim, hesap çizelgesi, internet, kurumsal yazılım' bağımsız değişkenlerinin 'algılanan fayda, niyet, kullanım kolaylığı' bağımlı değişkeni üzerindeki etkilerinin belirlenmesi için çoklu regresyon analizi uygulanmış ve sonuçları anlamlı bulunmuştur. Özellikle; işletim sistemi, hesap çizelgesi ile kurumsal yazılım kullanım yeterlilik seviyelerinin yüksek olması dijital okuryazarlık algı seviyelerini anlamlı ve olumlu olarak yordadığı saptanmıştır. Çalışanların bilgi ve iletişim teknolojileri kullanım yeterlilikleri yükseldikçe algılanan fayda, niyet ve algılanan kullanım kolaylıklarının da etkilendiği saptanmıştır.
Today, information and communication technology literacy and the most straightforward definition of digital literacy are expressed as 'survival skills in the digital age. This thesis focuses. ' on the importance of the information and communication technology usage competencies and digital literacy perception levels of the civil aviation industry employees after the Covid-19 Pandemic period. This research was in 2021 in the Turkish Civil Aviation sector, airlines, airport, and aircraft private security companies, aviation representation surveillance and ground handling companies, and employees of institutions that provide aviation training. The research sample consists of a total of 407 people operating in the Istanbul-based Civil Aviation sector. The data of this research were obtained via by 2 several scale, namely 'Information and Communication Technologies Efficiency Scale - Digital Literacy Perception Levels Scale'. As a result of the reliability analysis, the Cronbach Alpha value of the general scale was determined to be 0.952 and the factor analysis also determined to be 0.963. In the research, ECDL standard questions were used in the research scale to determine the information and communication technology usage competencies of the participants. ANOVA test was used compare three groups and over parameters of ICT general and sub-dimension points showing a normal dispersion and defining statistical methods (Average, Standard deviation, frequency). To test for homogeneity of variance, there are several statistical tests that can be used. This research was used Levene's test. Also Dunnett's T3 and Brown- Forsythe tests were used for comparision of analyses. The Independent sample t-test was used for paired group comparisons. Multiple regression analysis was applied to determine the statistical analysis of the relationship between two different scales and their sub-dimensions, with this regression analysis in which the effects of independent variables on dependent variables were predicted. The analysis of data was completed in IBM SPSS 27 program. When the information and communication technology usage competencies of aviation sector employees are examined; When the information and communication technology usage competencies of aviation sector employees are examined, the proficiency levels of the employees are high in all dimensions except for one dimension, and only the corporate software program usage adequacy is lower than the other dimensions. In addition, it has been determined that the proficiency levels of the participants vary according to their education level, sector of activity, age, and department. As a result, information and communication technologies sub-dimensions; Internet usage, word processing usage, and presentation usage program competencies concluded that the operating system, hardware knowledge, spreadsheet usage, and enterprise software competencies were higher. It has been concluded that there are significant several different between the competencies of aviation sector employees according to their departments. As a result of the analysis, information and communication technologies sub-dimensions; Internet usage, word processing, and presentation program competencies concluded that the operating system, hardware knowledge, spreadsheet, and enterprise software competencies were higher. According to the analysis results, there are significant differences between the competencies of aviation sector employees according to their departments. Multiple regression analysis was applied to determine the relationships between the scales found in the study. As a result of the regression analysis, information and communication technologies sub-dimensions; Internet usage, word processing, and presentation program competencies concluded that the operating system, hardware knowledge, spreadsheet, and enterprise software competencies were higher. Especially; Operating system knowledge, use of spreadsheets, and high levels of corporate software usage proficiency predicted digital literacy perception levels significantly and positively. It has been observed that the perceived usefulness, intention, and perceived ease of use increase significantly as the competence of the employees in using information and communication technologies increases.
Today, information and communication technology literacy and the most straightforward definition of digital literacy are expressed as 'survival skills in the digital age. This thesis focuses. ' on the importance of the information and communication technology usage competencies and digital literacy perception levels of the civil aviation industry employees after the Covid-19 Pandemic period. This research was in 2021 in the Turkish Civil Aviation sector, airlines, airport, and aircraft private security companies, aviation representation surveillance and ground handling companies, and employees of institutions that provide aviation training. The research sample consists of a total of 407 people operating in the Istanbul-based Civil Aviation sector. The data of this research were obtained via by 2 several scale, namely 'Information and Communication Technologies Efficiency Scale - Digital Literacy Perception Levels Scale'. As a result of the reliability analysis, the Cronbach Alpha value of the general scale was determined to be 0.952 and the factor analysis also determined to be 0.963. In the research, ECDL standard questions were used in the research scale to determine the information and communication technology usage competencies of the participants. ANOVA test was used compare three groups and over parameters of ICT general and sub-dimension points showing a normal dispersion and defining statistical methods (Average, Standard deviation, frequency). To test for homogeneity of variance, there are several statistical tests that can be used. This research was used Levene's test. Also Dunnett's T3 and Brown- Forsythe tests were used for comparision of analyses. The Independent sample t-test was used for paired group comparisons. Multiple regression analysis was applied to determine the statistical analysis of the relationship between two different scales and their sub-dimensions, with this regression analysis in which the effects of independent variables on dependent variables were predicted. The analysis of data was completed in IBM SPSS 27 program. When the information and communication technology usage competencies of aviation sector employees are examined; When the information and communication technology usage competencies of aviation sector employees are examined, the proficiency levels of the employees are high in all dimensions except for one dimension, and only the corporate software program usage adequacy is lower than the other dimensions. In addition, it has been determined that the proficiency levels of the participants vary according to their education level, sector of activity, age, and department. As a result, information and communication technologies sub-dimensions; Internet usage, word processing usage, and presentation usage program competencies concluded that the operating system, hardware knowledge, spreadsheet usage, and enterprise software competencies were higher. It has been concluded that there are significant several different between the competencies of aviation sector employees according to their departments. As a result of the analysis, information and communication technologies sub-dimensions; Internet usage, word processing, and presentation program competencies concluded that the operating system, hardware knowledge, spreadsheet, and enterprise software competencies were higher. According to the analysis results, there are significant differences between the competencies of aviation sector employees according to their departments. Multiple regression analysis was applied to determine the relationships between the scales found in the study. As a result of the regression analysis, information and communication technologies sub-dimensions; Internet usage, word processing, and presentation program competencies concluded that the operating system, hardware knowledge, spreadsheet, and enterprise software competencies were higher. Especially; Operating system knowledge, use of spreadsheets, and high levels of corporate software usage proficiency predicted digital literacy perception levels significantly and positively. It has been observed that the perceived usefulness, intention, and perceived ease of use increase significantly as the competence of the employees in using information and communication technologies increases.
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Sivil Havacılık, İşletme, Bilgi ve iletişim teknolojileri, Dijital okuryazarlık, Civil Aviation, Business Administration, Havacılık sektörü, Information and communication technologies, Digital literacy, Sivil havacılık, Aviation sector, Teknoloji kullanımı, Civil aviation, Technology utilization, Yeterlilik, Sufficiency