Kalite maliyetlerinin değerlendirilmesi: Otomotiv sektöründe bir uygulama
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2014
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Abstract
Ülkemizde bulunan işletmelerin, ürettiklerini yurt içi ve yurt dışında pazarlayabilmeleri için, kalite güvencesi standartlarını yerine getirmeleri artık bir zorunluluk haline gelmiştir. Ancak bunları uygularken asıl amaç kalite güvencesi belgesini almak değil, işletmede kalite sistemini kurmak ve sonrasında kaliteli, düşük maliyetli üretim yapmak olmalıdır. Kalite işletmelerin gelir ve giderleri üzerinde çeşitli etkiler yaratmaktadır. Ancak kalite birçok işletme için maliyet olarak görülmektedir. Oysa günümüzde yoğun rekabetin yaşandığı ortamda başarılı olabilmek için işletmeler kalite üzerine yatırım yapmak zorundadırlar. İşletmelerin bir adım öne geçebilmeleri için kullanılan yöntemlerden biri de kalite maliyetleri sisteminin uygulanmasıdır. Kalite maliyetlerinde; kalite ve maliyetin ters ilişki içerisinde olduğu görülür. Çünkü bu yaklaşımda kalite iyileştikçe maliyetler düşecektir. Kısacası kalite maliyetleri, hizmetin, üretimin, satışın, satış sonrası servislerin belirlenmiş standartlara göre zamanında ve yerinde uygulanması sonucu ortadan kalkacak olan maliyetlerdir. Amaç kalite maliyetlerini azaltarak en mükemmele ulaşmaktır. Kalite maliyeti sisteminin bir parçası olarak, işletmeler tüm faaliyetlerin kalite maliyetlerini özetlemeli ve bu maliyetleri bir kalite raporunda biriktirmelidirler. Kalite maliyetleri tek tek toplanmalı, bölümler arasında iletişim sağlanmalı ve bu veriler değerlendirilmelidir. Kalite maliyetleri işletmelerin bütçelerinde belirlediği amaçlar doğrultusunda, faaliyetlerinin gerçekleşip gerçekleşmediğini, ne oranda gerçekleştiğini, ortaya çıkan sapmaları, bunların nedenlerini, alınması gereken önlemleri ve kalite geliştirme çalışmaları hakkında bilgi sağlamaya yönelik araçlardır. Bu çalışmada, Kalite, Kalite Kontrol, Toplam Kalite Yönetimi ve Kalite Maliyetleri ele alınmış, kullanılan teknikler açıklanmıştır. Çalışmanın ana amacı kalite maliyetlerinin analiz edilmesidir. Otomotiv sektöründe bir firmanın kalite maliyeti kalemleri irdelenmiş ve yapılan analiz sonucunda firmada önleme maliyetlerinin kalite maliyetleri içerisinde daha önde geldiği sonucuna varılmıştır.
For the businesses in our country it has become an obligation to fulfill the quality standards to be able to commercialize what they produce for domestic market and abroad but while implementing this; the real goal has to be to set the quality system in the business and then to conduct quality, low priced production rather than only obtaining the quality guarantee certificate. Quality may cause various effects on incomes and expenses of the businesses. However quality is perceived as 'cost' for many businesses. Whereas the businesses have to invest on quality so as to be successful in the current atmosphere in which a quite tense rivalry is experienced. One of the techniques for the businesses to be one step forward than the others is the implementation of quality cost systems. In quality costs; it can be seen that quality and cost have a reverse relation because according to this approach as the quality gets better the costs will decrease. In short; quality services are the costs that will disappear as a result of the quality costs, services, production, sale, after sale services are implemented on time and in a correct way according to specified standards. The goal is to reach perfection by reducing quality costs. As a part of the quality cost system, businesses must summarize the quality costs of each activity and accumulate them in a quality report. Quality activities must be collected one by one, interaction between departments must be maintained and this data must be evaluated. Quality costs are tools for the businesses to see if their activities are executed according to their goals specified in their budgets , to what extend they are executed, deviations arisen, their reasons, the precautions that should be taken and quality improvement studies. In this study, Quality, Quality Control, Total Quality Management and Quality Costs are discussed, techniques used are explained. The main target of the study is to analyze quality costs. Quality cost items of a firm in automotive sector were examined and after the analysis carried out, the conclusion reached is the prevention costs outweigh the within quality costs of the firm.
For the businesses in our country it has become an obligation to fulfill the quality standards to be able to commercialize what they produce for domestic market and abroad but while implementing this; the real goal has to be to set the quality system in the business and then to conduct quality, low priced production rather than only obtaining the quality guarantee certificate. Quality may cause various effects on incomes and expenses of the businesses. However quality is perceived as 'cost' for many businesses. Whereas the businesses have to invest on quality so as to be successful in the current atmosphere in which a quite tense rivalry is experienced. One of the techniques for the businesses to be one step forward than the others is the implementation of quality cost systems. In quality costs; it can be seen that quality and cost have a reverse relation because according to this approach as the quality gets better the costs will decrease. In short; quality services are the costs that will disappear as a result of the quality costs, services, production, sale, after sale services are implemented on time and in a correct way according to specified standards. The goal is to reach perfection by reducing quality costs. As a part of the quality cost system, businesses must summarize the quality costs of each activity and accumulate them in a quality report. Quality activities must be collected one by one, interaction between departments must be maintained and this data must be evaluated. Quality costs are tools for the businesses to see if their activities are executed according to their goals specified in their budgets , to what extend they are executed, deviations arisen, their reasons, the precautions that should be taken and quality improvement studies. In this study, Quality, Quality Control, Total Quality Management and Quality Costs are discussed, techniques used are explained. The main target of the study is to analyze quality costs. Quality cost items of a firm in automotive sector were examined and after the analysis carried out, the conclusion reached is the prevention costs outweigh the within quality costs of the firm.
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İşletme, Kalite, Business Administration, Kalite maliyeti, Quality, Otomotiv sektörü, Quality cost, Automotive sector, Toplam kalite yönetimi, Total quality management
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110