Okul öncesi dönemde çocuk davranışının beslenme tutumuna ve obeziteye etkisi
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Date
2019
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Bu araştırma çocuk mizacı ile beslenme tutumu ve obezite arasındaki ilişkinin değerlendirilmesi amacıyla İstanbul ili Beşiktaş ilçesindeki Beşiktaş Belediyesine bağlı kreşlerde okul öncesi dönem eğitim gören 95 çocuk ile yapılmıştır. Araştırma verileri anket formları yardımıyla toplanmıştır. Çocukların ailelerine demografik özellikler ile beslenme tutumu hakkında sorular yöneltilirken, öğretmenlere de çocuk davranışını irdeleyen sorular sorulmuştur. Çocukların beslenme tutumu ''Yeme Tutumu Anketi'', mizaç özellikleri ise'' Sosyal Yetkinlik ve Davranış Değerlendirme-30'' ölçeği ile belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca boy uzunluğu, vücut ağırlığı antropometrik ölçümleri alınmış ve beden kütle indeksleri hesaplanmıştır. Çalışmanın sonucunda; 21-40 aylık 2, 41-60 aylık 57, 61 ay ve üzeri 36 çocuğa ulaşılmıştır. Ortalama doğum ağırlığı 3270,11± 278,94 gram bulunmuştur. Ortalama boy uzunluğu 109 cm ± 8 cm, ortalama vücut ağırlığı 19,53 ± 4,28 kg, ortalama BKİ 16,19 ± 2,03 kg/m2 ve ortalama persentil değeri, 50,83 ± 32,12 olarak bulunmuştur. Sosyal yetkinlik ile kızgınlık saldırganlık ve anksiyete-içe dönüklük arasında negatif yönlü ilişkiler gözlemlenmiştir (p<0.01). Anksiyete-içe dönüklük ve kızgınlık-saldırganlık düzeyi arasında da pozitif yönlü ilişkiler görülmüştür (p<0.01). Çocuklarda yüksek doğum ağırlığı ile gıdadan keyif alma, yemek seçiciliği arasında pozitif yönlü bir ilişki bulunmuştur (p < 0.01). Yüksek doğum ağırlığındaki çocuklarda, diğer çocuklara nazaran gıdadan keyif alma oranı anlamlı olarak daha yüksektir. Düşük doğum ağırlığındaki çocuklarda yemek seçiciliğinin daha fazla olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Erkek çocuklarında içme tutkusu, kız çocuklarına nazaran daha fazla bulunmuştur (p <0.05). Tokluk hevesliliği ve yavaş yeme arasında negatif yönlü bir ilişki (p < 0.05), gıda hevesliliği ile duygusal aşırı yeme, gıdadan keyif alma ve içme tutkusu arasında pozitif yönlü bir ilişki vardır (p<0.01). Normal ağırlıkta çocukların( =3,21, SS= .81) duygusal az yeme düzeyi yüksek ağırlıklı ve obez çocuklara( =2.86, SS= 1.04) oranla daha yüksek rapor edilmiştir. 0-6 yaş arasındaki çocuklarından, dışsallaştırılmış davranış problemleri görülenlerde iştah açıklığı ve yüksek ağırlık tespit edilirken içselleştirilmiş davranış problemleri görülen çocuklarda iştahsızlık ve düşük görülmüştür. Bilgiler ışığında çocukluk çağı obezitesi için en sağlıklı tedavi yöntemi olan davranış değişikliğinin de uygulanması için mizacın tanımlanması ve göz önünde bulundurulması gerektiği düşünülmektedir.
THE EFFECT OF CHİLD BEHAVIOR TO THE NUTRITIONAL ATTITUDE AND OBESITY IN PRE-SCHOOL This study was conducted with 95 children attending preschool education in the kindergartens of Beşiktaş Municipality in Beşiktaş, Istanbul Province, in order to evaluate the relationship between child temperament, and nutritional behavior and obesity. Data of the research were collected with the help of questionnaire forms. While the families of the children were asked questions about demographic characteristics and nutritional behavior, the teachers were asked questions about child temperament. Nutritional behavior of children was determined by ''The Nutritional Behavior Questionnaire'' and temperament characteristics were determined by ''Social Competence and Behavior Assessment-30 Scale''. In addition, anthropometric measurements of height and body weight were taken and body mass indexes were calculated. As a result of the study, two 21-40 months old children, 41-60 months old 57 children, 61 months old and over 36 children were reached. The mean birth weight was found to be 3270.11 ± 278.94 grams. The mean height was 109 cm ± 8 cm, the mean body weight was 19.53 ± 4.28 kg, the mean BMI was 16.19 ± 2.03 kg/m2 and the mean percentile value was 50.83 ± 32.12. Negative relationships were observed between social competence and anger-aggression and anxiety-introversion (p <0.01). Positive relationships were observed between anxiety-introversion and anger-aggression levels (p <0.01). A positive correlation was found between high birth weight and eatingpleasure and choosyeating in children (p<0.01). Children with high birth weight have a significantly higher rate of enjoyment of food than other children. It was found that picky eating higher in children with low birth weight. The passion for drinking is found to be higher in boys than in girls (p <0.05). There is a negative correlation between the desire for saturation, and slow eating (p <0.05), and there is a positive relationship between the desire for food and emotional over-eating, eating pleasure, and passion for drinking (p <0.01). Emotional undereating of normal weight children ( =3,21, SS= .81) has been reported to be higher than compared to high-weight and obese children( =2.86, SS= 1.04). In 0-6 years aged children; appetite and high weight are found in those who have externalized behavioral problems, whereas those who have internalized behavioral problems had anorexia and low weight. In light of this information, it is thought that temperament should be defined and taken into consideration in order to implement behavioral change which is the healthiest treatment method for childhood obesity.
THE EFFECT OF CHİLD BEHAVIOR TO THE NUTRITIONAL ATTITUDE AND OBESITY IN PRE-SCHOOL This study was conducted with 95 children attending preschool education in the kindergartens of Beşiktaş Municipality in Beşiktaş, Istanbul Province, in order to evaluate the relationship between child temperament, and nutritional behavior and obesity. Data of the research were collected with the help of questionnaire forms. While the families of the children were asked questions about demographic characteristics and nutritional behavior, the teachers were asked questions about child temperament. Nutritional behavior of children was determined by ''The Nutritional Behavior Questionnaire'' and temperament characteristics were determined by ''Social Competence and Behavior Assessment-30 Scale''. In addition, anthropometric measurements of height and body weight were taken and body mass indexes were calculated. As a result of the study, two 21-40 months old children, 41-60 months old 57 children, 61 months old and over 36 children were reached. The mean birth weight was found to be 3270.11 ± 278.94 grams. The mean height was 109 cm ± 8 cm, the mean body weight was 19.53 ± 4.28 kg, the mean BMI was 16.19 ± 2.03 kg/m2 and the mean percentile value was 50.83 ± 32.12. Negative relationships were observed between social competence and anger-aggression and anxiety-introversion (p <0.01). Positive relationships were observed between anxiety-introversion and anger-aggression levels (p <0.01). A positive correlation was found between high birth weight and eatingpleasure and choosyeating in children (p<0.01). Children with high birth weight have a significantly higher rate of enjoyment of food than other children. It was found that picky eating higher in children with low birth weight. The passion for drinking is found to be higher in boys than in girls (p <0.05). There is a negative correlation between the desire for saturation, and slow eating (p <0.05), and there is a positive relationship between the desire for food and emotional over-eating, eating pleasure, and passion for drinking (p <0.01). Emotional undereating of normal weight children ( =3,21, SS= .81) has been reported to be higher than compared to high-weight and obese children( =2.86, SS= 1.04). In 0-6 years aged children; appetite and high weight are found in those who have externalized behavioral problems, whereas those who have internalized behavioral problems had anorexia and low weight. In light of this information, it is thought that temperament should be defined and taken into consideration in order to implement behavioral change which is the healthiest treatment method for childhood obesity.
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Keywords
Beslenme ve Diyetetik, Beslenme, Beslenme alışkanlıkları, Obezite, Nutrition and Dietetics, Okul öncesi dönem, Nutrition, Okul öncesi çocuklar, Nutritional habits, Obesity, Yeme tutumu, Preschool period, Preschool children, Çocuk beslenmesi, Eating attitudes, Çocuk davranışları, Child nutrition, Child behavior, Çocuk obezitesi, Pediatric obesity