Alt ekstremite kırığı olan hastalarda, duygusal özgürleşme tekniğinin ağrı ve anksiyete düzeyine etkisi: Randomize kontrollü çalışma
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2023
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Open Access Color
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Kırık sonrası hemşirelik bakımında, akut ağrı, hastaneye yatış, hareket kısıtlılığı ile hastanın konforunun bozulması anksiyete oluşmasına sebep olan en önemli etkenlerdir. Bu araştırma alt ekstremite kırığı olan hastalarda, duygusal özgürleşme tekniğinin ağrı, anksiyete düzeyi ve yaşam bulgularına etkisini incelemek ve hasta deneyimlerini belirlemek amacıyla yapıldı. Bu araştırma nicel ve nitel yöntemlerin bir arada kullanıldığı karma araştırma tasarımında yürütüldü. Nicel araştırma aşamasında randomize kontrollü deneysel araştırma tasarımı kullanıldı. Örneklem sayısı G.power analizi temel alınarak 84 hasta olarak hesaplandı. Hastalar randomize olarak girişim grubu 50, kontrol grubu 50 olarak iki gruba atandı. Araştırmanın nicel verileri Sosyodemografik Veri Formu, Sayısal Ağrı Ölçeği, Öznel Rahatsızlık Birimi Ölçeği (ÖRBÖ), Durumluk ve Sürekli Kaygı Ölçeği ve Yaşam Bulguları Veri Formu ile toplandı. Nitel araştırma aşamasında fenomenolojik araştırma deseni kullanıldı ve hastaların deneyimlerini belirlemek için yarı yapılandırılmış soru formu kullanıldı. Veriler benzeşik örnekleme yöntemi ile belirlenen altı hasta ile bireysel derinlemesine görüşme yapılarak toplandı ve betimleyici analiz yöntemi ile veriler analiz edildi. Araştırmada veriler IBM SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) for Windows 25.0 programı kullanılarak analiz edildi. Veriler değerlendirilirken tanımlayıcı istatistikler, normal dağılım gösteren niceliksel veriler iki grup arasındaki farkı bağımsız t testi, bağımlı iki grup arasındaki farkı bağımlı örneklem t testi kullanıldı. Normal dağılıma sahip olmayan niceliksel veriler non-parametrik testlerden iki grup arasındaki fark Mann Whitney U testi, bağımlı gruplar için Wilcoxon testi ile anliez edildi. Veriler normal dağılıma sahip bulunduğu durumda bağımsız değişkenin, bağımlı değişken üzerindeki etkisi doğrusal regresyon analizi ile incelendi. Nitel verilerin değerlendirilmesinde MAXQDA 2020 programı kullanıldı. Araştırmada girişim ve kontrol grubu hastalar sosyodemografik ve klinik özelliklerine göre istatistiksel olarak benzer bulundu (p>0,05). Duygusal özgürleşme tekniğinin girişim grubundaki hastalarda kontrol grubuna göre ağrı ve öznel rahatsızlığı azalttığı belirlendi (p<0,05). Duygusal özgürleşme tekniğinin girişim grubundaki hastalarda kontrol grubuna göre durumluk ve sürekli kaygılarını azaltmadığı bulundu (p>0,05). Ancak yapılan regresyon analizinde modelde ağrı düzeyinde meydana gelen değişimin %63'ünün, öznel rahatsızlık düzeyinde meydana gelen değişimin %54,8'inin yapılan girişim ile açıklandığı sonucuna ulaşıldı. Duygusal özgürleşme tekniğinin girişim ve kontrol grubundaki hastaların vücut sıcaklığı, nabız sayısı, sistolik ve diyastolik kan basınçları arasında fark olmadığı (p>0,05), periferal oksijen satürasyonu ve solunum sayıları arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı fark olduğu belirlendi (p<0,05). Hastaların periferal oksijen satürasyonu artmış ve solunum sayısı azalmıştır. Nitel araştırmada hasta deneyimleri duygusal özgürleşme tekniği hakkında hasta görüşleri, duygusal özgürleşme tekniği uygulama öncesinde hissedilen duygular, duygusal özgürleşme tekniği uygulama sırasında hissedilen duygular ve duygusal özgürleşme tekniği uygulama sonrasında hissedilen duygular olmak üzere dört temadan oluştu. Bu araştırma sonucunda duygusal özgürleşme tekniğinin alt ekstremite kırığı olan hastaların ağrısını ve öznel rahatsızlığını azaltmada etkili olduğu, durumluk ve sürekli kaygıyı azaltmadığı, yaşam bulgularından solunum sayısında azalma, periferal oksijen satürasyonu düzeyinde artma sağladığı, hastaların farklı deneyimler yaşadığı bulundu. Araştırmanın akut ağrı tipinde farklı hasta ve daha büyük örneklem grupları üzerinde tekrar edilmesi önerilmektedir
In post-fracture nursing care, acute pain, hospitalization, limitation of movement and deterioration of the patient's comfort are the most important factors that cause anxiety. This study was conducted to examine the effect of emotional liberation technique on pain, anxiety level and vital signs in patients with lower extremity fractures and to determine patient experiences. This research was conducted in a mixed research design in which quantitative and qualitative methods were used together. Randomized controlled experimental research design was used in the quantitative research phase. The sample size was calculated as 84 patients based on the G.power analysis. The patients were randomly assigned to two groups as the intervention group and 50 as the control group. Quantitative data of the study were collected with Sociodemographic Data Form, Numerical Pain Scale, Subjective Discomfort Unit Scale (SUD), State and Trait Anxiety Inventory, and Vital Signs Data Form. In the qualitative research phase, a phenomenological research design was used and a semi-structured questionnaire was used to determine the experiences of the patients. The data were collected by individual in-depth interviews with six patients determined by the homogene sampling method, and the data were analyzed with the descriptive analysis method. Data were analyzed by the IBM SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) for Windows 25.0 program. While evaluating the data, descriptive statistics, normally distributed quantitative data, independent t-test for the difference between two groups, and dependent-sample t-test for the difference between two dependent groups were used. Quantitative data that did not have a normal distribution were analyzed using the Mann Whitney U test for the non-parametric tests, the difference between the two groups, and the Wilcoxon test for the dependent groups. When the data were normally distributed, the effect of the independent variable on the dependent variable was analyzed by linear regression analysis. The MAXQDA 2020 program was used to evaluate the qualitative data. In the study, intervention and control group patients were found to be statistically similar according to their sociodemographic and clinical characteristics (p>0,05). Emotional liberation technique was found to reduce pain and subjective discomfort in patients in the intervention group compared to the control group (p<0,05). It was found that the emotional liberation technique did not reduce the state and trait anxiety of the patients in the intervention group compared to the control group (p>0,05). However, in the regression analysis, it was concluded that 63% of the change in the pain level and 54,8% of the change in the subjective discomfort level in the model were explained by the intervention. It was determined that there was no difference between the body temperature, pulse rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressures of the patients in the intervention and control groups of the emotional liberation technique (p>0,05), and there was a statistically significant difference between peripheral oxygen saturation and respiratory rates (p<0,05). Peripheral oxygen saturation of the patients increased and respiratory rate decreased. In the qualitative research, patient experiences consisted of four themes: patient opinions about the emotional liberation technique, feelings felt before the application of the emotional liberation technique, the emotions felt during the application of the emotional liberation technique, and the emotions felt after the application of the emotional liberation technique. As a result of this study, it was found that the emotional liberation technique was effective in reducing the pain and subjective discomfort of patients with lower extremity fractures, did not reduce state and trait anxiety, reduced respiratory rate, which was one of the vital signs, increased the level of peripheral oxygen saturation, and the patients had different experiences. It is recommended that the study be repeated on different patients and larger sample groups in acute pain type.
In post-fracture nursing care, acute pain, hospitalization, limitation of movement and deterioration of the patient's comfort are the most important factors that cause anxiety. This study was conducted to examine the effect of emotional liberation technique on pain, anxiety level and vital signs in patients with lower extremity fractures and to determine patient experiences. This research was conducted in a mixed research design in which quantitative and qualitative methods were used together. Randomized controlled experimental research design was used in the quantitative research phase. The sample size was calculated as 84 patients based on the G.power analysis. The patients were randomly assigned to two groups as the intervention group and 50 as the control group. Quantitative data of the study were collected with Sociodemographic Data Form, Numerical Pain Scale, Subjective Discomfort Unit Scale (SUD), State and Trait Anxiety Inventory, and Vital Signs Data Form. In the qualitative research phase, a phenomenological research design was used and a semi-structured questionnaire was used to determine the experiences of the patients. The data were collected by individual in-depth interviews with six patients determined by the homogene sampling method, and the data were analyzed with the descriptive analysis method. Data were analyzed by the IBM SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) for Windows 25.0 program. While evaluating the data, descriptive statistics, normally distributed quantitative data, independent t-test for the difference between two groups, and dependent-sample t-test for the difference between two dependent groups were used. Quantitative data that did not have a normal distribution were analyzed using the Mann Whitney U test for the non-parametric tests, the difference between the two groups, and the Wilcoxon test for the dependent groups. When the data were normally distributed, the effect of the independent variable on the dependent variable was analyzed by linear regression analysis. The MAXQDA 2020 program was used to evaluate the qualitative data. In the study, intervention and control group patients were found to be statistically similar according to their sociodemographic and clinical characteristics (p>0,05). Emotional liberation technique was found to reduce pain and subjective discomfort in patients in the intervention group compared to the control group (p<0,05). It was found that the emotional liberation technique did not reduce the state and trait anxiety of the patients in the intervention group compared to the control group (p>0,05). However, in the regression analysis, it was concluded that 63% of the change in the pain level and 54,8% of the change in the subjective discomfort level in the model were explained by the intervention. It was determined that there was no difference between the body temperature, pulse rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressures of the patients in the intervention and control groups of the emotional liberation technique (p>0,05), and there was a statistically significant difference between peripheral oxygen saturation and respiratory rates (p<0,05). Peripheral oxygen saturation of the patients increased and respiratory rate decreased. In the qualitative research, patient experiences consisted of four themes: patient opinions about the emotional liberation technique, feelings felt before the application of the emotional liberation technique, the emotions felt during the application of the emotional liberation technique, and the emotions felt after the application of the emotional liberation technique. As a result of this study, it was found that the emotional liberation technique was effective in reducing the pain and subjective discomfort of patients with lower extremity fractures, did not reduce state and trait anxiety, reduced respiratory rate, which was one of the vital signs, increased the level of peripheral oxygen saturation, and the patients had different experiences. It is recommended that the study be repeated on different patients and larger sample groups in acute pain type.
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Hemşirelik, Nursing
Turkish CoHE Thesis Center URL
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