Yenidoğan yoğun bakım ünitesinde izlenen bebeklerin ebeveynlerinin deneyimleri: Nitel bir çalışma örneği
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2018
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Open Access Color
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Bu çalışma, bebekleri Yenidoğan Yoğun Bakım Ünitesinde izlenen ebeveynlerin yaşadıkları deneyimleri araştırmak amacıyla fenomenolojik kalitatif tipte tasarlanmıştır. Araştırma evrenini İstanbul Üniversitesi Cerrahpaşa Tıp Fakültesi Çocuk Sağlığı ve Hastalıkları Anabilim Dalı Yenidoğan Yoğun Bakım Ünitesinde izlenen yenidoğanların ebeveynleri oluşturmuştur. Araştırmada örneklem seçimine gidilmemiş olup, çalışmanın yapıldığı Eylül 2017- Şubat 2018 tarihleri arasında yoğun bakımda yatan bebeklerin ebeveynlerinden çalışmaya katılmayı kabul eden 11 anne, 7 baba olmak üzere 18 ebeveyn ile tamamlanmıştır. Veriler kişisel bilgi formu ve görüşme formu kullanılarak elde edilmiştir. Veriler, yüz yüze görüşme tekniğiyle ses kaydı yapılarak toplanmış, benzer araştırma sonuçları doğrultusunda tema ve alt temalar oluşturularak yorumlanmıştır. Bu araştırmada, ebeveynlerin yoğun bakım deneyimleri literatür doğrultusunda; 'hisler', 'değişimler', 'iletişim' ve 'öneriler' temalarıyla incelenmiştir. Görüşmeler sonucunda hisler temasına ait üç alt tema belirlenmiştir. Bunlar; ebeveynlerin bebeklerinin YYBÜ'nde izleneceğini ilk öğrendiklerindeki hisleri, ilk gördüklerindeki hisleri ve ilk dokunduklarındaki hisleridir. Ebeveynler bebeklerinin YYBÜ'nde izleneceğini ilk öğrendiklerindeki hislerini en fazla 'kaybetme korkusu' (n=7), ilk gördüklerindeki hislerini en fazla 'kaybetme korkusu' (n=12), ilk dokunduklarındaki hislerini de en fazla 'korku' (zarar verme ve kaybetme korkusu) (n=6) olarak ifade etmişlerdir. Araştırmada, değişimler temasına ait dört alt tema belirlenmiştir. Bunlar; fiziksel, psikolojik, sosyal ve ekonomik değişimlerdir. Ebeveynler fiziksel değişimleri için en fazla 'ağrıyı daha yoğun hissetme' (n=7), psikolojik değişimleri için 'mutsuzluk' (n=8), sosyal değişimleri için 'kimseyle konuşmak istememe' (n=7) ve ekonomik değişimleri için 'bebeğin ihtiyaçlarını karşılamada zorlanma' (n=9) ifadelerini kullanmışlardır. Araştırmada, iletişim temasına ait iki alt tema belirlenmiştir. Bunlar; ebeveynler arası iletişim ve sağlık çalışanları ile iletişimdir. Ebeveynler diğer ebeveynlerle iletişimleri için en fazla 'iyi iletişim kurma' (n=11) ve yine sağlık ekibi ile iletişimleri için de iyi 'iletişim kurma' (n=12) ifadelerini kullanmışlardır. Araştırmada, öneriler temasına ait iki alt tema belirlenmiştir. Bunlar; sağlık çalışanlarına yönelik öneriler ve kuruma yönelik önerilerdir. Ebeveynler sağlık çalışanlarına yönelik önerilerini en fazla 'çalışanlar motive edebilir/psikolojik destek sağlayabilir' (n=14) ve kuruma yönelik önerilerini ise 'dışarıdan malzeme istenmeyebilir' (n=9) şeklinde ifade etmişleridir. Araştırma sonucunda ebeveynlerin bebeklerinin YYBÜ'de izlenmesi durumuna karşı olumlu ve olumsuz algıları saptanmıştır. Temalar ve alt temalardan elde edilen bulgular değerlendirildiğinde, ebeveynlerin birçoğunun bebeklerinin durumuyla ilgili korku hissederken, aynı zamanda bebekleri yaşıyor olduğu için mutlu oldukları belirlenmiştir. Anahtar Kelimeler : Sirkadiyen ritim, Uyku/Uyanıklık durumu, Uyku kalitesi, Açlık kan şekeri profili
This study was conducted on the phenomenological qualitative type to investigate the experiences of the parents, whose babies are treated at the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit. The research population is the parents of the newborn infants who are treated at the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of the Department of Child Health and Diseases, Cerrahpaşa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University. No sample selection was made in this research. The study was completed with 18 parents, 11 mothers and 7 fathers, who agreed to participate in this study, from September 2017 to February 2018. One of the parents have twin babies. The personal information and interview forms have been filled by the parents who got involved in this study. The data were collected by voice recording with face-to-face interview technique. The data were interpreted by forming themes and sub-themes in the direction of similar research results. In this research, experiences of the parents were examined in terms of feelings, changes, communication and suggestions according to the literature. Three sub-themes were identified related to the theme of feelings; the feelings when the parents first learned that their babies will be treated in the NICU, the feelings when they saw their babies for the first time and the feelings when they first touched their babies. The parents stated that they experienced fear of losing the most when they first learned that their babies will be treated (n=7) as well as when they first touched their babies (n=12). They also expressed the feeling when they first touched their babies as fear (fear of harm and losing) (n=6). In this research, four sub-themes of change theme are defined; physical changes, psychological changes, social changes and economic changes. The parents used the expression of feeling pain more intense the most as physical changes (n=7), and they used the expression of unhappiness the most for psychological changes (n=8). They experienced the feeling of unwilling to talk to anyone the most related to social changes (n=7) ,and the feeling of struggling to meet babies' needs the most for economic changes (n=9). In this research, two sub-themes related to the communication theme were identified. These are the communication between the parents and communication with the health workers. The parents used the expression of good communication for the communication between parents (n=11) and communication with the health workers (n=12) the most. In this research, two sub-themes for the theme of suggestions were identified. These are suggestions for health workers and suggestions for the institution. The parents stated that health workers may motivate and provide psychological support more related to suggestions for health workers (n=14). They also stated that the health institution may not ask them to meet the babies' medical needs for the sub theme of suggestions for the institution (n=9). As a result of this research, positive and negative perceptions of the parents were determined against the cases of the parents' babies being treated in the NICU. When the findings obtained from the themes and sub-themes are evaluated, many of the parents experienced fear about the condition of their babies while at the same time they were happy because their babies are alive. Key words: Neonatal, Intensive care unit, Parents, Experiences.
This study was conducted on the phenomenological qualitative type to investigate the experiences of the parents, whose babies are treated at the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit. The research population is the parents of the newborn infants who are treated at the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of the Department of Child Health and Diseases, Cerrahpaşa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University. No sample selection was made in this research. The study was completed with 18 parents, 11 mothers and 7 fathers, who agreed to participate in this study, from September 2017 to February 2018. One of the parents have twin babies. The personal information and interview forms have been filled by the parents who got involved in this study. The data were collected by voice recording with face-to-face interview technique. The data were interpreted by forming themes and sub-themes in the direction of similar research results. In this research, experiences of the parents were examined in terms of feelings, changes, communication and suggestions according to the literature. Three sub-themes were identified related to the theme of feelings; the feelings when the parents first learned that their babies will be treated in the NICU, the feelings when they saw their babies for the first time and the feelings when they first touched their babies. The parents stated that they experienced fear of losing the most when they first learned that their babies will be treated (n=7) as well as when they first touched their babies (n=12). They also expressed the feeling when they first touched their babies as fear (fear of harm and losing) (n=6). In this research, four sub-themes of change theme are defined; physical changes, psychological changes, social changes and economic changes. The parents used the expression of feeling pain more intense the most as physical changes (n=7), and they used the expression of unhappiness the most for psychological changes (n=8). They experienced the feeling of unwilling to talk to anyone the most related to social changes (n=7) ,and the feeling of struggling to meet babies' needs the most for economic changes (n=9). In this research, two sub-themes related to the communication theme were identified. These are the communication between the parents and communication with the health workers. The parents used the expression of good communication for the communication between parents (n=11) and communication with the health workers (n=12) the most. In this research, two sub-themes for the theme of suggestions were identified. These are suggestions for health workers and suggestions for the institution. The parents stated that health workers may motivate and provide psychological support more related to suggestions for health workers (n=14). They also stated that the health institution may not ask them to meet the babies' medical needs for the sub theme of suggestions for the institution (n=9). As a result of this research, positive and negative perceptions of the parents were determined against the cases of the parents' babies being treated in the NICU. When the findings obtained from the themes and sub-themes are evaluated, many of the parents experienced fear about the condition of their babies while at the same time they were happy because their babies are alive. Key words: Neonatal, Intensive care unit, Parents, Experiences.
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Hemşirelik, Ana-baba, Bebek-yenidoğmuş, Nursing, Bebekler, Parents, Infant-newborn, Deneyim, Infant, Yoğun bakım, Experience, Intensive care, Yoğun bakım üniteleri-neonatal, Intensive care units-neonatal
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94