Çocukların bağlanma kaygısı ile bağlanma kaçınmasının okula bağlanma ve akran ilişkilerine etkisinin incelenmesi
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2019
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ÖZET İnsanların çocukluktan edindiği bağlanma biçimlerinin etkileri tüm yaşantı sürecinde ilişkilerine yansıyabilmektedir. Araştırmada, çocukların kaçınmalı ve kaygılı bağlanma örüntülerinin okula bağlanma durumuna ve akran ilşkilerine etkisinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Araştırmanın örneklemini; 2016-2017 yılı bahar döneminde İstanbul ili Beyoğlu ilçesindeki MEB'e bağlı çeşitli liselerinde lise 1. sınıfta öğrenim gören 528 öğrenci oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmada ilişkisel tarama yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Araştırmada sosyodemografik bilgileri almak için 'Kişisel Bilgi Formu', çocukların ebeveyne bağlanma şeklini ölçmek için, 'Aile İçi Yakın İlişkilerde Deneyimler Ölçeği (AİYİÖ)'', çocukların arkadaş ilişkilerini ölçmek için, 'Akran İlişkileri Ölçeği (AİÖ)' ve okula bağlanma durumlarını ölçmek için, 'Çocuklar ve Ergenler İçin Okula Bağlanma Ölçeği (ÇEİOB)'' kullanılmıştır. Verilerin analizinde çocukların bağlanma şekilleriyle okula bağlanma ve akran ilişklerini belirlemek için; Bağımsız Örnek T-Testi, ikiden fazla kategorili bir değişkene göre farklılaşıp farklılaşmadığının belirlenmesinde ise Tek Yönlü Varyans Analizi (ANOVA) kullanılmıştır. Kullanılan Tek Yönlü Varyans Analizi (ANOVA) sonucu varyanslar homojen olarak elde edilmediğinde varyans analizi yerine robust bir test olan Welch testi kullanılmıştır. Araştırma bulgularına göre; bağlanma biçimlerinin cinsiyet faktörüne göre değişmediği saptanmıştır. Akran ilişkilerinde cinsiyete göre anlamlı farklılaşma tespit edilmiştir. Bu durumun kızlar lehine olduğu saptanmıştır. Annesi serbest meslek sahibi olan çocukların daha fazla kaygılı bağlandıkları, annesi kamuda çalışan çocukların ise arkdaşlarıyla çatışmalı ilişkiler kurdukları sonucu bulunmuştur. Anne öğrenim durumuna göre bağlanma biçimleri arasında anlamlı farklılaşma bulunmuştur. Çocukların bağlanma biçimlerinin anne baba eğitim durumundan etklendiği görülmektedir. Öğrenim seviyesi arttıkça güvenli bağlanma yönüne doğru olumlu etkilenme görülmektedir. Araştırmada, gelir düzeyi ile bağlanma biçimleri arasında anlamlı farklılaşmalar tespit edilmiştir. Ailede gelir seviyesi azaldıkça kaygılı bağlanma arttığı tespit edilmiştir. Gelir seviyesi arttıkça çocukların okulda arkadaş ve öğretmenleriyle daha olumlu iletişimde oldukları saptanmıştır. Okul öncesi eğitim almayan çocuklarda daha fazla kaçınmalı davranış görülürken, okul öncesi eğitim alan çocukların arkadaşlarıyla daha çok yardıma açık oldukları sonucu görülmüştür. Anne sütü alan çocukların arkadaşlarıyla daha fazla birlikte olmayı tecrcih ettikleri saptanmıştır. Bakımveren kişi durumuna göre; arkadaşlara bağlanma ile yakınlık puan ortalamaları arasında anlamlı farklılaşma görülmüştür. Arkadaşlara bağlanma puan farkı bakıcı tarafından bakılan çocuklardan kaynaklandığı, yakınlık puan farkının ise anneannenin bakım verdiği durumlardan kaynaklandığı tespit edilmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda, çocuklarda bağlanma kaygısı ile bağlanma kaçınmasının arttıkça okula bağlanma durumunun ve akran ilşkilerinin olumsuz yönde etkilendiği görülmektedir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Bağlanma Kaygısı, Bağlanma Kaçınması, Akran İlişkileri, Okula Bağlanma.
ABSTRACT Investıgatıon Of The Effects Of Attachment Anxıety And Attachment Avoıdance On School Attachment And Peer Relatıonshıps Gümüştepe, Hülya, Investigation of the Influence of Attachment Anxiety and Attachment Avoidance on School Attachment and Peer Relationshipsi, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, İstanbul, 2019. The effects of attachment styles that people get from childhood can be reflected in their relationships during the whole lifetime. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of avoided and anxious attachment patterns on school attachment status and peer relations. The sample of the research consists of 2016-2017 spring term of 528 students who are in the first grade of high school in different high schools in the district of Beyoğlu in İstanbul province. In this study relational screening method applied. To gain sociodemographical information 'Personal Information Form', to measure chidren's attachment to parents 'Experiences in Close Relationships Scale' to measure attachment to school 'Scholl Attachment Scale' used. In the analysis of data to determine the attachment styles of children and their peer relations; Independent Samples T-test, to determine whether or not it differs according to a variable with more than two categories One Way Variance Analysis (ANOVA) applied. When One-Way Variance Analysis (ANOVA) was used and was not obtained homogeneous variances, then Welch test was used as a robust test instead of variance analysis. According to reserach findings; attachment styles did not change according to gender. Significant differences in peer relationships, in favor of girls were determined by gender. It was found out that the children whose mother is a self-employe, are more anxious, and whose mother works in the public sector, children have conflicting relations with peers. There was a significant difference between the attachment styles of mothers according to their education level. It is seen that, attachment styles of children are affected by the educational status of parents. As the level of education increases, there is a positive effect towards secure attachment. There were significant differences between income rate and attachment styles. As the family wage decreases, anxious attachment style increases. It was found that children have more positive communication with their peers and teachers at school when family's income level increases. Children who did not received preschool education, had more avoidance behaviors, while children who received preeschool education were more open to help. Children who took breast milk prefer to have more time with their friends. According to condition of the person giving care, there was a significant difference between attachment to friends and closeness mean scores. Differences in the points of attachment to peers was found to be caused by children cared by the caregiver, and differences in the points of closeness was found to be caused by chidlren cared by grandmother. As a result of this research, as anxious and avoidant attachment in children increases, attachment to school status and peer relations were affected negatively. Key Words: Attachment anxiety, Avoidance of attachment, Peer relations, Attachment to school
ABSTRACT Investıgatıon Of The Effects Of Attachment Anxıety And Attachment Avoıdance On School Attachment And Peer Relatıonshıps Gümüştepe, Hülya, Investigation of the Influence of Attachment Anxiety and Attachment Avoidance on School Attachment and Peer Relationshipsi, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, İstanbul, 2019. The effects of attachment styles that people get from childhood can be reflected in their relationships during the whole lifetime. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of avoided and anxious attachment patterns on school attachment status and peer relations. The sample of the research consists of 2016-2017 spring term of 528 students who are in the first grade of high school in different high schools in the district of Beyoğlu in İstanbul province. In this study relational screening method applied. To gain sociodemographical information 'Personal Information Form', to measure chidren's attachment to parents 'Experiences in Close Relationships Scale' to measure attachment to school 'Scholl Attachment Scale' used. In the analysis of data to determine the attachment styles of children and their peer relations; Independent Samples T-test, to determine whether or not it differs according to a variable with more than two categories One Way Variance Analysis (ANOVA) applied. When One-Way Variance Analysis (ANOVA) was used and was not obtained homogeneous variances, then Welch test was used as a robust test instead of variance analysis. According to reserach findings; attachment styles did not change according to gender. Significant differences in peer relationships, in favor of girls were determined by gender. It was found out that the children whose mother is a self-employe, are more anxious, and whose mother works in the public sector, children have conflicting relations with peers. There was a significant difference between the attachment styles of mothers according to their education level. It is seen that, attachment styles of children are affected by the educational status of parents. As the level of education increases, there is a positive effect towards secure attachment. There were significant differences between income rate and attachment styles. As the family wage decreases, anxious attachment style increases. It was found that children have more positive communication with their peers and teachers at school when family's income level increases. Children who did not received preschool education, had more avoidance behaviors, while children who received preeschool education were more open to help. Children who took breast milk prefer to have more time with their friends. According to condition of the person giving care, there was a significant difference between attachment to friends and closeness mean scores. Differences in the points of attachment to peers was found to be caused by children cared by the caregiver, and differences in the points of closeness was found to be caused by chidlren cared by grandmother. As a result of this research, as anxious and avoidant attachment in children increases, attachment to school status and peer relations were affected negatively. Key Words: Attachment anxiety, Avoidance of attachment, Peer relations, Attachment to school
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Eğitim ve Öğretim, Psikoloji, Çocuk Sağlığı ve Hastalıkları, Akran ilişkileri, Education and Training, Psychology, Bağlanma, Child Health and Diseases, Peer relationships, Bağlanma kaygısı, Attachment, Kaçınmalar, Attachment anxiety, Hedges, Çocuklar, Children
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