Türkiye'de üreme sağlığına ilişkin göstergelerin sosyoekonomik değişkenlerle ilişkisinin incelenmesi, 1963-2013
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2018
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Open Access Color
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Abstract
Toplumun kalkınma düzeyinin bir göstergesi olan üreme sağlığı toplumsal, ekonomik ve kültürel faktörler ile şekillenmektedir. Bu çalışma, Türkiye‟deki üreme sağlığına ilişkin göstergelerin 1963-2013 yılları arasındaki değişimini ve bu göstergeler ile sosyoekonomik değişkenlerin ilişkisini belirlemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Araştırma, niceliksel ve niteliksel yöntemlerin birlikte kullanıldığı karma tipte ve retrospektif bir araştırmadır. Niceliksel araştırma bölümünde; sağlık göstergeleri ve sosyoekonomik göstergelerin 1963-2013 döneminde gösterdiği değişim lineer regresyon analizi ile incelenmiş, sağlık göstergeleri ile sosyoekonomik değişkenler arasındaki ilişkilerin varlığı ve düzeyini belirlemeye yönelik ileri analizler Spearman Korelasyon testi ile yapılmıştır. Niteliksel araştırma bölümünde üreme sağlığı alanında karar verici, eğitimci ve uygulayıcı roller üstlenmiş beş katılımcı ile yarı yapılandırılmış soru formu doğrultusunda derinlemesine görüşmeler yapılmış, elde edilen veriler betimsel analiz ve içerik analizi yapılarak değerlendirilmiştir. Türkiye‟de 50 yıllık dönemde; gebeliği önleyici modern yöntem kullanımı artarken anne ölüm oranı ve toplam doğurganlık hızının azaldığı, nüfus planlaması kanunlarının çıkarılmasını takip eden yıllarda toplam doğurganlık hızının en yüksek düşme eğilimini gösterdiği, toplam isteyerek düşük hızının ilk kez 2008-2013 döneminde yarı yarıya azaldığı tespit edilmiştir. Anne ve bebek ölüm hızları ile toplam doğurganlık hızının azalmasında; kadının eğitim düzeyinin, ilk evlenme yaşının ve ülkenin gelir düzeyinin yükselmesinin etkili olduğu saptanmıştır. Derinlemesine görüşmelerde; üreme sağlığını etkileyen faktörler olarak sosyoekonomik ve kültürel özellikler ile nüfus politikaları, sağlık yönetimi, sağlık hizmetleri ve sağlık insan gücünün önemi vurgulanmıştır. Anahtar kelimeler: Üreme sağlığı, Sosyoekonomik değişkenler, Nüfus ve kalkınma
AN EVALUATION OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH INDICATORS AND SOCIOECONOMIC VARIABLES IN TURKEY, 1963-2013 Reproductive health, as an indicator of the development level of the community, takes form through the economical and the cultural factors. This study was carried out to determine the evolution of the indicators related to the reproductive health and the relation of those indicators and the socioeconomic factors in between the years 1963 and 2013. The study was carried out as retrospective mixed research, incorporating both quantitative and qualitative methods. In the quantitative part of the study, the changes observed in health and socioeconomic indicators in the period of 1963-2013 were examined using linear regression analysis, while Spearman‟s Correlation test was employed in the advanced analysis to determine the status and level of the relationship between health indicators and socioeconomic variables. In the qualitative review, in-depth interviews were held with five participants qualified in the field of reproductive health in line with the semi-structured questionnaire used for this purpose. The data obtained were evaluated on the basis of descriptive analysis and content analysis. It was observed that in the 50-year period examined, maternal death rates and total fertility rates dropped while there was a rise in the use of modern contraceptive methods, the maximum downward trend of the total fertility rates indicated within the following years right after the family planning legislations entered into force, the total induced abortion rate dropped to half in between 2008 and 2013. It is found that the higher level of the women's education, higher age at first marriage and improvements in income levels and distribution had influence on the decreasing of the maternal and infant's death rates and the total fertility rates.The in-depth discussions revealed that the most common factors influencing reproductive health were population policies, healthcare management, healthcare services, the healthcare labor force and socioeconomic and cultural characteristics. Keywords: Reproductive health, Socioeconomic variables, Population and development
AN EVALUATION OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH INDICATORS AND SOCIOECONOMIC VARIABLES IN TURKEY, 1963-2013 Reproductive health, as an indicator of the development level of the community, takes form through the economical and the cultural factors. This study was carried out to determine the evolution of the indicators related to the reproductive health and the relation of those indicators and the socioeconomic factors in between the years 1963 and 2013. The study was carried out as retrospective mixed research, incorporating both quantitative and qualitative methods. In the quantitative part of the study, the changes observed in health and socioeconomic indicators in the period of 1963-2013 were examined using linear regression analysis, while Spearman‟s Correlation test was employed in the advanced analysis to determine the status and level of the relationship between health indicators and socioeconomic variables. In the qualitative review, in-depth interviews were held with five participants qualified in the field of reproductive health in line with the semi-structured questionnaire used for this purpose. The data obtained were evaluated on the basis of descriptive analysis and content analysis. It was observed that in the 50-year period examined, maternal death rates and total fertility rates dropped while there was a rise in the use of modern contraceptive methods, the maximum downward trend of the total fertility rates indicated within the following years right after the family planning legislations entered into force, the total induced abortion rate dropped to half in between 2008 and 2013. It is found that the higher level of the women's education, higher age at first marriage and improvements in income levels and distribution had influence on the decreasing of the maternal and infant's death rates and the total fertility rates.The in-depth discussions revealed that the most common factors influencing reproductive health were population policies, healthcare management, healthcare services, the healthcare labor force and socioeconomic and cultural characteristics. Keywords: Reproductive health, Socioeconomic variables, Population and development
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Sağlık Kurumları Yönetimi, Kalkınma, Nüfus, Health Care Management, Sosyoekonomik faktörler, Development, Population, Türkiye, Socio-economic factors, Üreme sağlığı, Turkey, Reproductive health, Üreme sağlığı hizmetleri, Reproductive health services