Bankalarda ticari kredilendirme sürecinde firmaların analizi ile ticari kredilendirme süreci üzerine bir uygulama
No Thumbnail Available
Date
2016
Authors
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Open Access Color
OpenAIRE Downloads
OpenAIRE Views
Abstract
Bankacılıkta ticari kredilendirme süreci; firmaların finansal ihtiyaçlarının karşılanması için, kredi pazarlamasının yapılması, başvurusunun alınması, kredi analizinin yapılması ile kredinin genel olarak değerlendirilmesi, kredi kararının verilmesi, fiyatlamasının yapılması, uygulanması, izlenmesi ve takibi safhalarını içermektedir. Kredi analizinde firmaların kredi değerlilikleri saptanmaya çalışılırken, iç ve dış kaynaklardan gerekli bilgilerin temin edilmesi, firmanın mali tablolarının alınması ile geçmişteki ve halihazırdaki durumlarının değerlendirilmesi, gelecekteki mali ve ekonomik faaliyetlerinin, kapasitesinin ortaya koyulması gerekmektedir. Kredi analizi, risk ölçümünü kapsamakta olup, bankanın üstleneceği risklerin minimuma indirilmesi hedeflenmektedir. Firmaların kredi analizinde, 5C prensibinden (Karakter, Kapasite, Kapital,Koşullar, Teminat) faydalanılmakta, kredi müşterilerinin geri ödeme tahmini yapılabilmektedir. Yani kapasite ile kredi ödeme kabiliyeti, kapital ile sermaye durumu, karakter ile müşterinin ödemelerine bağlılığı ve ödeme ahlakı, teminat ile kredinin ödenmemesi halinde alınan emniyet unsuru ifade edilmektedir. Öte yandan bankalar , içsel derecelendirme sistemleri ile müşterilerinin ödeme kapasitesini, gelecekte temerrüde düşme olasılıklarını tahmin etmeye çalışmaktadırlar. Bu çalışmada iki firmanın, üç yıllık hesap dönemine ilişkin faaliyet sonuçlarını kapsayan mali tabloları incelenmiş, mali analiz çalışması yapılmış ve sonucunda işletmelerin mali tablolarının dikey analiz yönteminden, likidite yapısı, finansal yapı, karlılık yapısı rasyo oranlarından yararlanılarak rasyo analizlerinin yorumu yapılmaya çalışılmış, kredibiliteleri belirlenmiştir.Ardından kredi teklifleri yapılarak , firmaların hangi limit ve teminat yapısı çerçevesinde kredilendirileceğine ilişkin öneriler ve sonuçlar ifade edilmiştir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Banka, Kredi, Kredi Analizi, Kredi Pazarlama, Ticari Bankacılık, Ticari Krediler, Mali Analiz.
Commercial lending in banking sector comprises the following phases: credit marketing for meeting the financial needs of businesses; receipt of credit application; a general evaluation of the credit through credit analysis; making credit decisions, pricing, implementation, monitoring and follow-up. While finding out the creditworthiness of businesses through credit analysis, information should be taken from internal and external sources, financial statements should be retrieved, business' past and current situation should be evaluated and the capacity of the business' future financial and economic activities should be brought forward. Credit analysis includes risk assessment which aims to minimize the risks to be burdened by the bank. In credit analysis, 5C's of credit (Character, Capacity, Capital, Conditions, Collateral) are used as an attempt to estimate the chance of default of a borrower. Capacity measures a borrower's ability to repay a loan, capital shows the capital status of the borrower, character refers to a borrower's reputation or track record for repaying debts and collateral is the assurance given to the lender if the borrower defaults on the loan. On the other hand, banks use internal rating systems in order to guess their borrowers' ability to repay and their possibility to default on the loans. In this study, the financial statements of two businesses, comprising the activity results for three years accounting period have been analyzed, a financial analysis has been carried out, interpretation has been made on the ratio analyses by using the vertical analysis performed on the businesses' financial statements as well as the liquidity structure, financial structure, profitability ratios of businesses and the creditworthiness of the businesses has been determined. Later on, credit proposals have been and recommendations and results have been put forward in respect to lending the businesses the funds under which limits and collaterals. Key Words: Bank, Credit, Credit Analysis, Credit Marketing, Commercial Banking,Commercial Loans, Financial Analysis.
Commercial lending in banking sector comprises the following phases: credit marketing for meeting the financial needs of businesses; receipt of credit application; a general evaluation of the credit through credit analysis; making credit decisions, pricing, implementation, monitoring and follow-up. While finding out the creditworthiness of businesses through credit analysis, information should be taken from internal and external sources, financial statements should be retrieved, business' past and current situation should be evaluated and the capacity of the business' future financial and economic activities should be brought forward. Credit analysis includes risk assessment which aims to minimize the risks to be burdened by the bank. In credit analysis, 5C's of credit (Character, Capacity, Capital, Conditions, Collateral) are used as an attempt to estimate the chance of default of a borrower. Capacity measures a borrower's ability to repay a loan, capital shows the capital status of the borrower, character refers to a borrower's reputation or track record for repaying debts and collateral is the assurance given to the lender if the borrower defaults on the loan. On the other hand, banks use internal rating systems in order to guess their borrowers' ability to repay and their possibility to default on the loans. In this study, the financial statements of two businesses, comprising the activity results for three years accounting period have been analyzed, a financial analysis has been carried out, interpretation has been made on the ratio analyses by using the vertical analysis performed on the businesses' financial statements as well as the liquidity structure, financial structure, profitability ratios of businesses and the creditworthiness of the businesses has been determined. Later on, credit proposals have been and recommendations and results have been put forward in respect to lending the businesses the funds under which limits and collaterals. Key Words: Bank, Credit, Credit Analysis, Credit Marketing, Commercial Banking,Commercial Loans, Financial Analysis.
Description
Keywords
Bankacılık, İşletme, Banka kredileri, Bankalar, Finansal analiz, Banking, Finansman, Business Administration, Bank credits, Firma analizi, Banks, Firma değerlemesi, Financial analysis, Financing, Firmalar, Firm analysis, Firm voluation, Kredilendirme, Firms, Ticari kredi yönetimi, Credit, Commercial credit management, Ticari krediler, Commercial credits
Turkish CoHE Thesis Center URL
Fields of Science
Citation
WoS Q
Scopus Q
Source
Volume
Issue
Start Page
End Page
259