Yetişkin bireylerin COVİD-19 sürecinde probiyotik kullanımı hakkındaki bilgi, tutum ve davranışlarının incelenmesi
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2022
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Bu çalışma, yetişkin bireylerin covid-19 sürecinde probiyotik kullanımı hakkındaki bilgi, tutum ve davranışlarının incelenmesi amacıyla planlanmıştır. Mayıs- Temmuz 2021 tarihleri arasında İstanbul ilindeki Özel Medicell Beylikdüzü Tıp Merkezinin Beslenme ve Diyet Polikliniği'ne başvuran, 18-65 yaş arası, 30'u erkek, 85'i kadın toplam 115 yetişkin birey çalışmaya dâhil edilmiştir. Çalışmaya katılmayı kabul eden bireylere, katılımcıların sosyodemografik verilerinin, beslenme alışkanlıklarının, fiziksel aktivite alışkanlıklarının sorgulandığı, antropometrik ölçümlerinin (boy uzunluğu, vücut ağırlığı, bel çevresi ve kalça çevresi ölçümleri) not edildiği, probiyotik besinler ve covid-19 ile ilgili bilgi, tutum ve davranışlarını belirlemeye yönelik soruların yer aldığı 'katılımcı bilgi formu' yüz yüze görüşme tekniği ile uygulanmıştır. Beslenme durumları ve besin alımlarını belirlemek için ise '3 Günlük Besin Tüketim Kaydı Formu' uygulanmıştır. Bireylerin diyet kalitesi değerlendirilmesinde 'Ortalama Yeterlilik Oranı (MAR)' kullanılmıştır. Çalışmaya katılanların yaş ortalaması 37,77±13,61 yıldır. Katılımcıların beden kütle indeksi (BKİ) ortalaması 34,13 ± 6,80 kg/m2'dir. Bireylerin diyetle aldıkları günlük karbonhidrat, kalsiyum ve potasyum miktarlarının yetersiz; enerji, protein, yağ, doymuş yağ, A, E, C, B1, B2, B6 vitaminleri, fosfor, folat, posa, kolesterol, sodyum, demir ve magnezyum miktarlarının fazla olduğu saptanmıştır. Bireylerin MAR puanı ortalaması 59,28 ± 29,05 puandır (diyet kalitesi geliştirilmeli). Bireylerin covid-19 sürecinde önlem alma durumu incelendiğinde, %60,9'unun önlem aldığı, %39,1'inin önlem almadığı görülmüştür. Katılımcıların probiyotik terimini bilme durumu incelendiğinde %65,2'sinin bildiği, %34,8'inin bilmediği, bilenlerin ise %78,7'sinin probiyotik besin tükettiği görülmektedir. Katılımcıların 42'sinin (%36,5) Covid-19 süresince probiyotik aldığı, 73'ünün (%63,5) probiyotik almadığı görülmüştür. Katlımcılardan covid-19 süresince bağışılık sistemini artıracak ekstra önlemler alan 56 katılımcının %78,6'sı probiyotik içeren besinleri tüketmekte, %21,4'ü tüketmemektedir. Katılımcıların probiyotik kullanma durumu MAR puanı sınıflarına göre karşılaştırıldığında, yetersiz MAR puanına sahip bireylerin %65,2'si probiyotik almamakta, MAR puanı yüksek bireylerin %69,2'si probiyotik almaktadır. Çalışmada bireylerin probiyotik bilgi düzeylerinin düşük olduğu gözlenirken diyet kalitesi arttıkça probiyotik takviye/besin almanın da arttığı görülmüştür. Bireylerin covid-19 pandemisinde bağışıklığı arttırıcı ve hastalıklardan koruyucu olması açısından, gereksinimi olsun olmasın, probiyotik tüketimine eğilim gösterdiği görülmüştür. Tüm veriler doğrultusunda, bireylerin multidisipliner bir yaklaşım ile probiyotikler ve sağlıklı beslenme hakkında eğitilmeleri ve bilinçlendirilmeleri gerektiği düşünülmektedir. Anahtar Kelimeler: covid-19, probiyotik, bilgi, tutum, davranış
This research was planned to examine the knowledge, attitudes and behaviors of adult individuals about the use of probiotics during the covid-19 process. A total of 115 adult individuals, 30 male and 85 female, aged between 18-65 years, who applied to the Nutrition and Diet Polyclinic of Private Medicell Beylikdüzü Medical Center in Istanbul between May 2021 and July 2021, were included in the study. A 'participant information form' which involved questions about Participants' sociodemographic data, dietary habits, physical activity habits, anthropometric measurements (height, body weight, waist circumference and hip circumference measurements), questions to determine their knowledge, attitudes and behaviors about probiotic foods and covid-19, was applied to the individuals who agreed to participate in the study by face-to-face interview technique. '3-Day Food Consumption Record Form' was applied to determine nutritional status and food intake. 'Average Adequacy Ratio (MAR)' was used to evaluate the diet quality of individuals. The mean age of the participants in the study was 37.77±13.61 years. The average body mass index (BMI) of the participants was 34.13 ± 6.80 kg/m2. It was detected that, individuals had insufficient daily carbohydrate, calcium and potassium amounts in their diet, and high amounts of energy, protein, fat, saturated fat, vitamins A, E, C, B1, B2, B6, phosphorus, folate, fiber, cholesterol, sodium, iron and magnesium. The mean MAR score of individuals was 59.28 ± 29.05 points (diet quality should be improved). When the situation of individuals taking precautions during the covid-19 process was examined, it was seen that 60.9% of them took precautions and 39.1% of them did not. When the participants' knowledge of the term probiotic was examined, it was seen that 65.2% of them know, 34.8% do not know, and 78.7% of those who know consume probiotic food. It was observed that 42 (36.5%) of the participants took probiotics during Covid-19, and 73 (63.5%) did not take probiotics. Among the participants, 78.6% of the 56 participants who took extra measures to increase their immune system during covid-19 consumed foods containing probiotics; 21.4% did not consume. When the probiotic usage status of the participants was compared according to their MAR score classification, 65.2% of individuals with insufficient MAR score did not use probiotics, 69.2% of individuals with a high MAR score used probiotics. In the study, it was observed that the probiotic knowledge levels of the individuals were low, while the intake of probiotic supplements/nutrients increased as the diet quality increased. It has been observed that individuals tend to consume probiotics whether they need it or not in terms of increasing immunity and protecting against diseases in the covid-19 pandemic. In line with all the data, it is thought that individuals should be educated and conscious about probiotics and healthy nutrition with a multidisciplinary approach. Keywords: Covid-19, Probiotic, Knowledge, Attitude, Behavior
This research was planned to examine the knowledge, attitudes and behaviors of adult individuals about the use of probiotics during the covid-19 process. A total of 115 adult individuals, 30 male and 85 female, aged between 18-65 years, who applied to the Nutrition and Diet Polyclinic of Private Medicell Beylikdüzü Medical Center in Istanbul between May 2021 and July 2021, were included in the study. A 'participant information form' which involved questions about Participants' sociodemographic data, dietary habits, physical activity habits, anthropometric measurements (height, body weight, waist circumference and hip circumference measurements), questions to determine their knowledge, attitudes and behaviors about probiotic foods and covid-19, was applied to the individuals who agreed to participate in the study by face-to-face interview technique. '3-Day Food Consumption Record Form' was applied to determine nutritional status and food intake. 'Average Adequacy Ratio (MAR)' was used to evaluate the diet quality of individuals. The mean age of the participants in the study was 37.77±13.61 years. The average body mass index (BMI) of the participants was 34.13 ± 6.80 kg/m2. It was detected that, individuals had insufficient daily carbohydrate, calcium and potassium amounts in their diet, and high amounts of energy, protein, fat, saturated fat, vitamins A, E, C, B1, B2, B6, phosphorus, folate, fiber, cholesterol, sodium, iron and magnesium. The mean MAR score of individuals was 59.28 ± 29.05 points (diet quality should be improved). When the situation of individuals taking precautions during the covid-19 process was examined, it was seen that 60.9% of them took precautions and 39.1% of them did not. When the participants' knowledge of the term probiotic was examined, it was seen that 65.2% of them know, 34.8% do not know, and 78.7% of those who know consume probiotic food. It was observed that 42 (36.5%) of the participants took probiotics during Covid-19, and 73 (63.5%) did not take probiotics. Among the participants, 78.6% of the 56 participants who took extra measures to increase their immune system during covid-19 consumed foods containing probiotics; 21.4% did not consume. When the probiotic usage status of the participants was compared according to their MAR score classification, 65.2% of individuals with insufficient MAR score did not use probiotics, 69.2% of individuals with a high MAR score used probiotics. In the study, it was observed that the probiotic knowledge levels of the individuals were low, while the intake of probiotic supplements/nutrients increased as the diet quality increased. It has been observed that individuals tend to consume probiotics whether they need it or not in terms of increasing immunity and protecting against diseases in the covid-19 pandemic. In line with all the data, it is thought that individuals should be educated and conscious about probiotics and healthy nutrition with a multidisciplinary approach. Keywords: Covid-19, Probiotic, Knowledge, Attitude, Behavior
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Beslenme ve Diyetetik, Nutrition and Dietetics