Türk müziği kemanın 4 ses (Kız neyi) icrasında yegâh kararlı makamların oktava çıkma zorunluluğu hakkındaki çözüm önerileri
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2022
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İnsanlık değişik coğrafyalarda, değişik tarihi ve toplumsal olayların etkisiyle değişik toplumlar oluşturmuştu. Her toplum da yaşadığı fiziksel şartlar altında başka toplumlardan farklı hançere özelliklerine sahip oldu. Başka bir deyişle bir melodi her toplumun hançeresinde o topluma özel sesler haline gelmişti. Buna bağlı olarak bir toplumdan başkasına geçen bir çalgı da yeni toplumdaki yeni insan seslerine uyum sağlamak için yapısal değişiklikler göstermiştir. Yaylı sazlar için de keman için de bu böyle olmuştur. Buna bağlı olarak keman Türk müziğinde kullanılmaya başlandıktan sonra eserlerin icra edilmesinde bazı problemler ortaya çıkmıştır. Bu problemlerin tespit edilebilmesi için yaylı sazların Türk ve Batı müziğindeki gelişimlerini takip etmemiz gerekiyordu. Bunun için, Batı müziğinde ve Selçuklulardan Osmanlılara uzanan, Cumhuriyet dönemini de içine alan aşamalarda yaylı sazların gelişimi ve akort düzenleri incelendi. Bu yaylı çalgılar içinde kemanın yeri ve gelişimi belirtildi. Türk müziği kemanın 4 ses (kız neyi) aktarımında yaşanılan sıkıntıların tespiti için Türk müziğindeki makamların (özellikle yegâh kararlı makamların) incelenmesi, kemanın Batı ve Türk müziğindeki akort düzenlerinin, transpoze (aktarım) kavramlarının belirtilmeleri gerekiyordu. Bu tezin hazırlanmasında kaynak tarama ve kişisel görüşme yöntemleri kullanılmıştır. Kaynak tarama yöntemiyle; konuyla ilgili yazılan makaleler, yüksek lisans ve doktora tezleri, kitaplar, dergiler araştırılmıştır. Gerekli olan kısımlar tezimizde atıfta bulunarak belirtilmiştir. Kişisel görüşme yöntemi ile alanında uzman kişilere sorular hazırlanmış ve onlara mail yoluyla ulaştırılmıştır. Ve yine kişisel görüşme yöntemi ile alanında uzman kişilerle röportajlar yapılmış sorulan sorulara cevaplar aranmıştır. Bu tezle 4 ses (kız neyi) aktarımda yaşanılan sıkıntıları belirtmek ve çözüm önerileri sunmak amacının yanı sıra bu konuda fazla yazılı kaynağın bulunmadığı Türk müziği kemana kaynak oluşturmak istenmiştir. Unutulmaya yüz tutmuş sine kemanı anımsatırken sine kemanı Türk müziğinde yeniden yaygınlaştırmak için görüşler toplanmış, tını ve pes seslerdeki genişliği bakımından viyolayı da Türk müziğinin sazları arasına dahil edebilmek için fikir alış-verişinde bulunmak amacı güdülmüştür. Beş telli keman da çözüm önerileri içinde araştırılmıştır. Anahtar Kelimeler: Türk Müziği keman, Türk Müziği keman akordu, Türk Müziği kemanda aktarım, Türk Müziği kemanda dört ses
Mankind constituted various societies under influence of different historical and social events in different areas of the world. Every society had more different larynx features than other societies and this was determined by the physical circumstances where they lived through. In other words, a melody became special voice in every society's own larynx. Accordingly, an instrument passing from one society to another showed structural changes in order to adapt to the new human voices in the new society. Among bowed string instruments, violin also experienced the same changes. Correspondingly, some problems emerged in the playing of pieces after violin had been used in Turkish music. It became necessary for us to follow developments of bowed string instruments in Turkish and Western music so as to determine above mentioned problems. For this reason, progress and chordorders of bowed string instruments were examined within the scope of Western and Turkish music from Seljukian and Ottoman times to today including Republic period. Importance and development of violin are stated among the bowed string instruments. In order to determine problems in transposition of four notes (kız ney) of Turkish music violin, it would be compulsory to study modes (makam scales) in Turkish music (especially yegâh), to remark chord orders of violin in Turkish and Western music and transposition concepts. In this research, literature scanning, survey and interview methods are used. In literature scanning method, it is aimed to study articles, master and doctorate theses, books and scientific journals. When needed, references and citations are stated in the thesis. In survey method, questions are prepared for the experts in this field and these questions are sent to them via e-mail. In interview method, interviews are carried out with the experts and answers are sought. With this thesis, it is aimed to state the problems in transposing 4 notes (kız ney) and to offer solutions, and besides, to provide sources to Turkish music violin about which there are very few written sources and materials. Sine violin (viola d'amore) starts to fade into oblivion. Therefore, it is also aimed to evoke and popularize it again in Turkish music and in accordance with this purpose views have been received and it is aimed to have an exchange of ideas about including viola in Turkish musical instruments in terms of it stone and low pitched volume register. 5-string violin has also been studied within the scope of solution offers. Keywords: Violin in Turkish music, violin chord in Turkish music, transposition of violin in Turkish music, four notes of violin in Turkish music
Mankind constituted various societies under influence of different historical and social events in different areas of the world. Every society had more different larynx features than other societies and this was determined by the physical circumstances where they lived through. In other words, a melody became special voice in every society's own larynx. Accordingly, an instrument passing from one society to another showed structural changes in order to adapt to the new human voices in the new society. Among bowed string instruments, violin also experienced the same changes. Correspondingly, some problems emerged in the playing of pieces after violin had been used in Turkish music. It became necessary for us to follow developments of bowed string instruments in Turkish and Western music so as to determine above mentioned problems. For this reason, progress and chordorders of bowed string instruments were examined within the scope of Western and Turkish music from Seljukian and Ottoman times to today including Republic period. Importance and development of violin are stated among the bowed string instruments. In order to determine problems in transposition of four notes (kız ney) of Turkish music violin, it would be compulsory to study modes (makam scales) in Turkish music (especially yegâh), to remark chord orders of violin in Turkish and Western music and transposition concepts. In this research, literature scanning, survey and interview methods are used. In literature scanning method, it is aimed to study articles, master and doctorate theses, books and scientific journals. When needed, references and citations are stated in the thesis. In survey method, questions are prepared for the experts in this field and these questions are sent to them via e-mail. In interview method, interviews are carried out with the experts and answers are sought. With this thesis, it is aimed to state the problems in transposing 4 notes (kız ney) and to offer solutions, and besides, to provide sources to Turkish music violin about which there are very few written sources and materials. Sine violin (viola d'amore) starts to fade into oblivion. Therefore, it is also aimed to evoke and popularize it again in Turkish music and in accordance with this purpose views have been received and it is aimed to have an exchange of ideas about including viola in Turkish musical instruments in terms of it stone and low pitched volume register. 5-string violin has also been studied within the scope of solution offers. Keywords: Violin in Turkish music, violin chord in Turkish music, transposition of violin in Turkish music, four notes of violin in Turkish music
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Müzik, Keman, Makamlar, Müzik, Music, Violin, Müzik aletleri, Modes, Music, Ses özellikleri, Musical instruments, Türk müziği, Sound charecteristics, Turkish music, Çalgılama teknikleri, Instrumentation techniques
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125