Çocuklarda Perkütan Böbrek Biyopsisi Sonrası Uygulanan Kum Torbasının Ağrı ve Konfor Düzeyine Etkisi
Abstract
Amaç: Perkütan böbrek biyopsisi (PBB), çocuk hastalarda böbrek hastalıklarının tanısında yaygın olarak kullanılan invaziv bir yöntemdir. Ancak işlem sonrası uygulanan standart immobilization ve kanama kontrolü amacı ile uygulanılan kum torbası, çocukların konforunu ve ağrı düzeyini doğrudan etkilemektedir. Bu çalışma, PBB sonrası kum torbası uygulamasının çocukların ağrı ve konfor düzeylerine etkisini değerlendirmek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Yöntem: Kesitsel, analitik tipte yürütülen bu çalışma, 25 Eylül 2024–31 Mart 2025 tarihleri arasında İstanbul Başakşehir Çam ve Sakura Şehir Hastanesi Çocuk Nefroloji Kliniği'nde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırmaya PBB uygulanan 4–18 yaş arası 50 çocuk dahil edilmiştir. Veriler; Wong-Baker Yüzler Ağrı Ölçeği, r-FLACC Ağrı Ölçeği ve Konfor Davranışları Kontrol Listesi kullanılarak işlem sonrası 2., 4., 6., 8., 12. ve 24. saatlerde toplanmıştır. İstatistiksel analizde varyans analizi ve Pearson korelasyon kullanılmıştır. Bulgular: Tüm çocuklar işlem sonrası ağrı bildirmiştir. Ağrı puanları 2. ve 4. saatlerde en yüksek seviyeye ulaşırken, 24. saatte neredeyse sıfırlanmıştır (p<0.001). Konfor düzeyleri işlem sonrası ilk saatlerde belirgin biçimde düşmüş; kum torbasının kaldırılmasının ardından hızla artarak 24. saatte maksimum düzeye ulaşmıştır (p<0.001). Ağrı düzeyleri ile yaş, boy, kilo ve vücut kitle indeksi arasında anlamlı negatif yönlü ilişki saptanmıştır (p<0.001). Çocukların %48'i yatakta tuvalet ihtiyacını karşılamada zorluk yaşamış; memnuniyet puanı çocuklarda 7,97/10, ebeveynlerde ise 8,83/10 olarak belirlenmiştir. Kanama komplikasyonu yalnızca erkek çocuklarda gözlenmiştir. Kanama görülme sıklığı cinsiyete göre istatistiksel düzeyde anlamlıdır (p<0.001). Sonuç: Kum torbası uygulaması, PBB sonrası kanama kontrolü açısından yaygın olsa da çocuklarda ağrı ve konfor düzeylerini ilk saatlerde ciddi şekilde olumsuz etkilemektedir. Bu çalışma, standart uygulamaların her çocuk için aynı etkiyi yaratmadığını göstermiştir. Bireyselleştirilmiş bakım yaklaşımları, immobilizasyon süresinin azaltılması ve non-farmakolojik rahatlatma yöntemlerinin entegrasyonu, hem ağrı kontrolünü artırabilir hem de konfor düzeyini iyileştirebilir. Bulgular, pediatrik biyopsi sonrası bakım protokollerinin yeniden değerlendirilmesi gerektiğini ortaya koymaktadır. Özgünlük: Bu çalışma, çocuklarda PBB sonrası kum torbası uygulamasının hem fizyolojik hem davranışsal düzeydeki etkilerini inceleyen ilk çalışmalardan biridir ve klinik hemşirelik uygulamalarında konfor temelli yeni bir bakış açısına öncülük etmektedir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Perkütan böbrek biyopsisi, çocuk sağlığı, kum torbası uygulaması, ağrı yönetimi, hasta konforu, hemşirelik
Aim: Percutaneous renal biopsy (PRB) is a widely utilized invasive procedure for diagnosing kidney diseases in pediatric patients. However, the routine post-procedural use of a sandbag for immobilization and bleeding control can directly affect children's pain and comfort levels. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of sandbag application on pain and comfort in children following PRB. Method: This cross-sectional analytical study was conducted between September 25, 2024, and March 31, 2025, at the Pediatric Nephrology Clinic of Başakşehir Çam and Sakura City Hospital in Istanbul. The study included 50 children aged between 4 and 18 years who underwent percutaneous kidney biopsy (PKB). Data were collected at the 2nd, 4th, 6th, 8th, 12th, and 24th hours after the procedure using the Wong-Baker Faces Pain Rating Scale, the revised Face, Legs, Activity, Cry, Consolability (r-FLACC) Pain Scale, and the Comfort Behavior Checklist. For statistical analysis, analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Pearson correlation were used. Results: All children reported experiencing pain after the procedure. Pain scores peaked at the 2nd and 4th hours and dropped to near zero by the 24th hour (p < 0.001). Comfort levels significantly decreased during the early post-procedural period but increased rapidly after the sandbag was removed, reaching a peak by the 24th hour (p < 0.001). A significant negative correlation was found between pain levels and age, height, weight, and body mass index (p < 0.001). Approximately 48% of the children experienced difficulty using the toilet while confined to bed. Satisfaction scores were 7.97/10 for children and 8.83/10 for parents. Bleeding complications were observed only in male children, and the difference was statistically significant by gender (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Although the application of a sandbag is commonly used for hemostasis after PRB, it significantly impairs comfort and increases pain in children during the initial hours. This study highlights that standardized approaches do not yield uniform outcomes in pediatric patients. Individualized care strategies, shortened immobilization periods, and the use of non-pharmacological comfort interventions may enhance both pain management and comfort. These findings underscore the need to reassess pediatric post-biopsy care protocols. Originality: This study is among the first to systematically investigate both the physiological and behavioral impacts of sandbag application following PRB in children, offering a novel, comfort-oriented perspective to clinical nursing practice. Keywords: Percutaneous renal biopsy, pediatric care, sandbag application, pain management, patient comfort, nursing practice
Aim: Percutaneous renal biopsy (PRB) is a widely utilized invasive procedure for diagnosing kidney diseases in pediatric patients. However, the routine post-procedural use of a sandbag for immobilization and bleeding control can directly affect children's pain and comfort levels. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of sandbag application on pain and comfort in children following PRB. Method: This cross-sectional analytical study was conducted between September 25, 2024, and March 31, 2025, at the Pediatric Nephrology Clinic of Başakşehir Çam and Sakura City Hospital in Istanbul. The study included 50 children aged between 4 and 18 years who underwent percutaneous kidney biopsy (PKB). Data were collected at the 2nd, 4th, 6th, 8th, 12th, and 24th hours after the procedure using the Wong-Baker Faces Pain Rating Scale, the revised Face, Legs, Activity, Cry, Consolability (r-FLACC) Pain Scale, and the Comfort Behavior Checklist. For statistical analysis, analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Pearson correlation were used. Results: All children reported experiencing pain after the procedure. Pain scores peaked at the 2nd and 4th hours and dropped to near zero by the 24th hour (p < 0.001). Comfort levels significantly decreased during the early post-procedural period but increased rapidly after the sandbag was removed, reaching a peak by the 24th hour (p < 0.001). A significant negative correlation was found between pain levels and age, height, weight, and body mass index (p < 0.001). Approximately 48% of the children experienced difficulty using the toilet while confined to bed. Satisfaction scores were 7.97/10 for children and 8.83/10 for parents. Bleeding complications were observed only in male children, and the difference was statistically significant by gender (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Although the application of a sandbag is commonly used for hemostasis after PRB, it significantly impairs comfort and increases pain in children during the initial hours. This study highlights that standardized approaches do not yield uniform outcomes in pediatric patients. Individualized care strategies, shortened immobilization periods, and the use of non-pharmacological comfort interventions may enhance both pain management and comfort. These findings underscore the need to reassess pediatric post-biopsy care protocols. Originality: This study is among the first to systematically investigate both the physiological and behavioral impacts of sandbag application following PRB in children, offering a novel, comfort-oriented perspective to clinical nursing practice. Keywords: Percutaneous renal biopsy, pediatric care, sandbag application, pain management, patient comfort, nursing practice
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Keywords
Hemşirelik, Çocuk Sağlığı ve Hastalıkları, Nursing, Child Health and Diseases
Turkish CoHE Thesis Center URL
WoS Q
Scopus Q
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90