Kanser tanısı ile izlenen çocukların hastalık algısı: Projektif resim çizme yoluyla inceleme
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2018
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Bu araştırma, kanser tanısı ile izlenen çocukların kansere ilişkin algılarını belirlemek amacıyla projektif resim çizme yöntemiyle nitel tipte yapılmıştır. Araştırma Mayıs-Kasım 2017 tarihleri arasında İstanbul Üniversitesi Çapa Tıp Fakültesi Onkoloji Enstitüsü Pediatri Hemotoloji ve Onkoloji servislerinde izlenen 36 çocuk ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çocukların resimlerinde %83,3'ü kendini %25'i hemşire çizdiğini belirtmiştir. Çocukların %50'si kendini tam ve %36,7'si de kendini yatağın içinde çizmiştir. Çocukların %58,3'ü üzgün, %44,4'ü neşeli, %30,6'si belirsiz, %19,4'ü yorgun ve %11,1'i de kızgın yüz ifadesi çizmişlerdir. Çocukların yarısına yakını (%44,4) iğne/ ilaç figürü, %19,4'ü güneş figürü, %16,7'si hastane binası, %13,9'u çiçek, hayvan ve %8,3'ü de ağaç figürü çizmiştir. %66,7'si ise 5 renk ve üzeri boya ile tamamlamıştır. Çocukların %66, 7'si çizimini kağıdın tamamını kullanarak yapmıştır. Hastalık algısına ilişkin çizilen resmi yorumlayan çocuklardan 20'i olumlu algı iletirken, 28'si de olumsuz algı iletmiştir. Olumlu algı ana teması; 'Sağlığına kavuşma inancı' (n=14) ve 'Mutlu hissetme' (n=12) alt temalarından oluşmaktadır. Çocukların resim yorumlarına göre oluşturulan olumsuz hastalık algısı (n=28) ana teması ise; 'Mutsuz ve üzgün hissetme' (n=24), 'Damar yolu korkusu' (n=9), 'Geçmiş yaşama özlem duyma' (n=7), 'Yorgun ve bıkmış hissetme' (n=3) ve alt temalarından oluşmaktadır. Hastalık algısına ilişkin çizilen resimlerin psikolog yorumlarına göre çocukların hastalık algıları 14 olumlu, 30 olumsuz algı olacak şekilde iki ana temada toplanmıştır. Olumlu ve olumsuz algıların alt temaları psikolog ve araştırmacı tarafından literatür doğrultusunda belirlenmiştir. Olumlu algı temaları; 'Ümit' (n=13), 'Benlik saygısı' (n=4) ve 'Kabullenme' (n=1) temalarından oluşmaktadır. Olumsuz algı ana teması; 'Beden imajında bozulma' (n=15), 'Depresyon' (n=15), 'Anksiyete' (n=13), 'Ümitsizlik-karamsarlık' (n=10) ve 'Agresyon' (n=3) alt temalarından oluşmaktadır. Araştırma sonucunda çocukların hastalığa karşı olumlu ve olumsuz algıları saptanmıştır. Elde edilen bulgular değerlendirildiğinde, birçok çocuğun hastalığa karşı olumlu ve olumsuz algıları bir arada taşıdığı söylenebilir. Çocukların birçoğu hastalığa karşı ümit taşırken aynı zamanda hastalık nedeniyle depresyon, anksiyete gibi olumsuz algıları da yaşamaktadırlar.
This research was carried out qualitatively by projective drawing method to determine the cancer related perceptions of children followed by cancer diagnosis by drawing. The study was carried out between May and November 2017 with 36 children attended to the Department of Pediatrics Hematology and Oncology at Oncology Institute of Istanbul University. 83,3% in pictures of children, 25% said that the nurse drew himself. 50% of children are full and 36.7% of them are drawn in the bed. 58.3% of the children were sad, 44.4% cheerful, 30.6% uncertain, 19.4% tired and 11.1% angry face expressions. Nearly half of the children (44.4%) were needle/ drug figures, 16.7% were hospitalized, 19.4% were sun figures, 13.9% were flower, animal and 8.3% were tree figures. 66,7 %finished with 5 colors and over paint. Of children 66%, 7% made using all of the drawing paper. 20 of the children who interpreted the picture of the perception of disease transmitted positive perception and 28 of them communicated negative perception. The main theme of positive perception is 'belief in wellness' (n=14) and 'feeling happy' (n=12). The main theme is 'feeling sad and unhappy' (n=24), 'fear of vascular path' (n=9), 'longing for past life' (n=7), 'feeling tired and tired' (n=3) and sub-themes. According to the psychological interpretation of the pictures drawn on the perception of disease, the disease perceptions of children were collected in two main themes: 14 positive and 30 negative perceptions. The sub-themes of positive and negative perceptions were determined by the psychologist and researcher in accordance with the literature. Positive perception themes consist of 'hope' (n=13), 'self-esteem' (n=4) and 'acceptance' (n=1) themes. Negative perception main theme is; 'deterioration in body image' (n=15), 'depression' (n=15), 'anxiety' (n=13), 'hopelessness-pessimism' (n=10) and 'aggression' (n=3) sub-themes. As a result of this research, positive and negative perceptions of children against the disease were determined. When the findings are evaluated, it can be said that many children carry positive and negative perceptions against the disease together. While many children have hope against the disease, they also experience negative perceptions such as depression, anxiety due to the disease.
This research was carried out qualitatively by projective drawing method to determine the cancer related perceptions of children followed by cancer diagnosis by drawing. The study was carried out between May and November 2017 with 36 children attended to the Department of Pediatrics Hematology and Oncology at Oncology Institute of Istanbul University. 83,3% in pictures of children, 25% said that the nurse drew himself. 50% of children are full and 36.7% of them are drawn in the bed. 58.3% of the children were sad, 44.4% cheerful, 30.6% uncertain, 19.4% tired and 11.1% angry face expressions. Nearly half of the children (44.4%) were needle/ drug figures, 16.7% were hospitalized, 19.4% were sun figures, 13.9% were flower, animal and 8.3% were tree figures. 66,7 %finished with 5 colors and over paint. Of children 66%, 7% made using all of the drawing paper. 20 of the children who interpreted the picture of the perception of disease transmitted positive perception and 28 of them communicated negative perception. The main theme of positive perception is 'belief in wellness' (n=14) and 'feeling happy' (n=12). The main theme is 'feeling sad and unhappy' (n=24), 'fear of vascular path' (n=9), 'longing for past life' (n=7), 'feeling tired and tired' (n=3) and sub-themes. According to the psychological interpretation of the pictures drawn on the perception of disease, the disease perceptions of children were collected in two main themes: 14 positive and 30 negative perceptions. The sub-themes of positive and negative perceptions were determined by the psychologist and researcher in accordance with the literature. Positive perception themes consist of 'hope' (n=13), 'self-esteem' (n=4) and 'acceptance' (n=1) themes. Negative perception main theme is; 'deterioration in body image' (n=15), 'depression' (n=15), 'anxiety' (n=13), 'hopelessness-pessimism' (n=10) and 'aggression' (n=3) sub-themes. As a result of this research, positive and negative perceptions of children against the disease were determined. When the findings are evaluated, it can be said that many children carry positive and negative perceptions against the disease together. While many children have hope against the disease, they also experience negative perceptions such as depression, anxiety due to the disease.
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Çocuk Sağlığı ve Hastalıkları, Algı, Hastalık, Kanser hastaları, Child Health and Diseases, Perception, Neoplazmlar, Disease, Cancer patients, Resim çizme, Neoplasms, Tıbbi onkoloji, Drawing, Medical oncology, Çocuklar, Children