Davranışsal denetim çerçevesinde hileli finansal raporlamanın tespiti ve bir uygulama
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2021
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İşletmeler gelişen ve küreselleşen rekabet ortamında güvenilir, karşılaştırılabilir, anlaşılabilir ve ortak bir dili ifade eden muhasebe standartlarını kullanmaktadır. Finansal tablo ile ilgili bilgilerin doğru, güvenilir, anlaşılabilir, tutarlı ve karşılaştılaştırılabilir olması finansal tablo okuyucularının ve karar vericilerin söz konusu bilgileri etkin bir şekilde kullanmaları açısından önem arz etmektedir. Bu sebeple finansal tablolara konu edilen bilgilerin/hesapların hatalı veya hileli olması finansal tablo okuyuculara ve karar vericilere yanlış bilgi sunulması anlamına gelmektedir. Davranışsal Denetim teorisi, denetçiler ve diğer katılımcıların nasıl karar verdikleri, denetimle ilgili verilen karar ve yargılarda denetçiler ve diğer katılımcıların ne kadar yeterli ve etkili oldukları, hangi bilgi, inanış, algı ve davranışların denetçi ve diğer katılımcıların karar ve yargılarını nasıl etkilediğini ele almaktadır. Hileli Finansal Raporlama konusuna dönük literatürde oldukça fazla çalışma olmasına karşın bu konunun davranışsal denetim özelinde incelendiği çalışmalar sınırlıdır. Davranışsal denetim çalışma alanlarına neden ihtiyaç olduğu, ne gibi faydalar sağlayacağının tespiti konularında önemli bir yeni yaklaşım getireceği açıktır. Henüz bu alanda yapılan bir çalışmanın literatürde yer almaması konunun önemini arttırmaktadır. Bu kapsamda çalışmada davranışsal denetim teorik çerçevede tüm yönleri ile ele alınmış ve en güncel bilgiler ışığında davranışsal denetimin gelişimine yer verilmiştir. Son yıllarda insan davranışlarının her zaman rasyonel olmayabileceği hususundan hareketle muhasebe ve denetim alanındaki etkisini ölçmek aslında davranışsal denetimin konusunu oluşturmuştur. İnsan davranışları söz konusu olduğunda en akılcı kararı vermek her zaman mümkün olmayabilmekte ve bu sebeple insan davranışlarındaki değişkenlik kararları da etkileyebilmektedir. Bu çalışmada uluslararası boyutu ele alınmakla beraber davranışsal denetim uygulamalarının, denetim değerlendirmesi ve dokümantasyon, karar alma ve denetçinin değerlendirmesi, verilerin toplanması, nicel olduğu kadar nitel verilere de önem verilmesi, denetçinin karakteri ve performansı ve hem ön hazırlık hem de raporlama süreçlerinde yer alan denetçi-müşteri ilişkisinin önem arz ettiği ve irdelendiği bir yapı olduğu görülmektedir. Dolayısıyla davranışsal olarak karar verme bireysel bir faaliyet olup denetim çevre ve şartlarında kişilik, tutum, algı, önceki öğrenim ve motivasyon gibi faktörlere bağlanmaktadır. Çalışmanın temel amacı davranışsal denetim teorisi ile uygulamasının bir arada sunulmasıdır. Amaç doğrultusunda ilk dört bölümde davranışsl muhasebe ve denetim kavramlarına, hileli finansal raporlamaya yer verilmişken beşinci bölümde uygulama modelleri yer almıştır. Çalışmanın sonucunda davranışsal denetimin hem işletmenin alışkanlıkları, inanışları, algı olgusu ve davranışları üzerinde durularak davranışsal risklerin de yönetimi de sağlanmış olmakta hem de denetçinin deneyimi ile elde ettiği, geliştirdiği mesleki yargısı, hile riskinin yönetilmesi sürecinde büyük önem teşkil ettiği görülmekte olup beşinci bölümde üretim sektörü dikkate alınarak davranışsal denetim çerçevesinde hileli finansal raporlamanın tespitine yer verilmiştir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Davranışsal Denetim, Hileli Finansal Raporlama, Hile Yöntemleri Jel Sınıflandırması: M41, M42 Tarih: Haziran, 2021
In the developing and globalizing competition environment, the businesses use the accounting standards that express a reliable, comparable, comprehensible, and common language. That the information related to financial statement is correct, reliable, comprehensible, consistent, and comparable is important so that the financial statement readers and the decision-makers can use the said information effectively. Therefore, that the information/calculations which the financial statements are based on are erroneous or fraudulent means that the financial statement readers and the decision-makers are given wrong information. The Behavioral Auditing theory deals with how the auditors and the other participants make a decision; to what extent the auditors and the other participants are competent and effective in the decisions and judgments made in relation to audit; what knowledge, beliefs, perceptions, and behaviors affect, and how they affect, the decisions and judgments of the auditors and the other participants. Although the literature includes many studies on the issue of Fraudulent Financial Reporting, the studies that examine this issue by focusing on the behavioral auditing are limited in number. It is obvious that it will bring an important new approach to determination of the reasons why there is any need for the behavioral auditing study fields, and what benefits they will provide. The absence, in the literature, of any study conducted in this field increases the importance of the matter. In this context, this study deals with all aspects of the behavioral auditing within a theoretical framework and reveals the evolution of behavioral auditing in the light of the latest information. In recent years, starting from the fact that the human behaviors might not always be rational, measuring their effects on accounting and auditing has actually become a subject of the behavioral auditing. When it comes to human behaviors, it might not always be possible to make the most rational decision, and thus, the instability of human behaviors may affect the decisions taken. While this study handles its international dimension, it is seen that the behavioral auditing practices constitute a structure in which audit evaluation and documentation, decision-making and the auditor's evaluation, collection of data, attaching importance to qualitative data as well as the quantitative data, the auditor's character and performance, and the auditor-customer relation that is available in both the preliminary preparation and reporting processes are considered important and analyzed. Therefore, behavioral decision-making is an individual activity and is connected to the factors such as personality, attitude, perception, previous training, and motivation in the environment and conditions of audit. The main purpose of the study is to present the theory and practice of behavioral auditing simultaneously. In accordance with this purpose, the first four sections include the behavioral accounting and auditing concepts and fraudulent financial reporting while the fifth section introduces the application models. At the end of the study, it is seen that the behavioral auditing ensures management of the behavioral risks by dwelling upon the habits, beliefs, perceptions, and behaviors of the company on the one hand and the auditor's professional judgment s/he has obtained and improved through experience plays a role of great importance in management of the fraudulence risk on the other hand while the fifth section includes the determination of fraudulent financial reporting within the framework of behavioral auditing by focusing on the production industry. Keywords: Behavioral Audit, Fraudulent Financial Reporting, Fraud Methods Jel Classification: M41, M42 Date: June 2021
In the developing and globalizing competition environment, the businesses use the accounting standards that express a reliable, comparable, comprehensible, and common language. That the information related to financial statement is correct, reliable, comprehensible, consistent, and comparable is important so that the financial statement readers and the decision-makers can use the said information effectively. Therefore, that the information/calculations which the financial statements are based on are erroneous or fraudulent means that the financial statement readers and the decision-makers are given wrong information. The Behavioral Auditing theory deals with how the auditors and the other participants make a decision; to what extent the auditors and the other participants are competent and effective in the decisions and judgments made in relation to audit; what knowledge, beliefs, perceptions, and behaviors affect, and how they affect, the decisions and judgments of the auditors and the other participants. Although the literature includes many studies on the issue of Fraudulent Financial Reporting, the studies that examine this issue by focusing on the behavioral auditing are limited in number. It is obvious that it will bring an important new approach to determination of the reasons why there is any need for the behavioral auditing study fields, and what benefits they will provide. The absence, in the literature, of any study conducted in this field increases the importance of the matter. In this context, this study deals with all aspects of the behavioral auditing within a theoretical framework and reveals the evolution of behavioral auditing in the light of the latest information. In recent years, starting from the fact that the human behaviors might not always be rational, measuring their effects on accounting and auditing has actually become a subject of the behavioral auditing. When it comes to human behaviors, it might not always be possible to make the most rational decision, and thus, the instability of human behaviors may affect the decisions taken. While this study handles its international dimension, it is seen that the behavioral auditing practices constitute a structure in which audit evaluation and documentation, decision-making and the auditor's evaluation, collection of data, attaching importance to qualitative data as well as the quantitative data, the auditor's character and performance, and the auditor-customer relation that is available in both the preliminary preparation and reporting processes are considered important and analyzed. Therefore, behavioral decision-making is an individual activity and is connected to the factors such as personality, attitude, perception, previous training, and motivation in the environment and conditions of audit. The main purpose of the study is to present the theory and practice of behavioral auditing simultaneously. In accordance with this purpose, the first four sections include the behavioral accounting and auditing concepts and fraudulent financial reporting while the fifth section introduces the application models. At the end of the study, it is seen that the behavioral auditing ensures management of the behavioral risks by dwelling upon the habits, beliefs, perceptions, and behaviors of the company on the one hand and the auditor's professional judgment s/he has obtained and improved through experience plays a role of great importance in management of the fraudulence risk on the other hand while the fifth section includes the determination of fraudulent financial reporting within the framework of behavioral auditing by focusing on the production industry. Keywords: Behavioral Audit, Fraudulent Financial Reporting, Fraud Methods Jel Classification: M41, M42 Date: June 2021
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İşletme, Davranışsal muhasebe, Denetim, Business Administration, Behavioral accounting, Finansal raporlama, Control, Hileli işlemler, Financial reporting, Fraud process, Muhasebe hata ve hileleri, Accounting mistakes and frauds
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318