20-40 yaş arası bireylerde algılanan ebeveyn tutumu ve anksiyete düzeyinin duygusal yeme üzerine etkisinin incelenmesi
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2022
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Araştırmanın amacı 20-40 yaş arasındaki bireylerde algılanan ebeveyn tutumları ve anksiyete düzeyinin duygusal yeme davranışı üzerindeki etkisini incelemektir. Araştırma, 20-40 yaş arasındaki bireylere internet üzerinden verilen anketler sonucunda elde edilen verilerin bazı yöntemler kullanılarak incelenmesi ve devamında yorumlanması ile yapılmıştır. Araştırmanın örneklemini Türkiye'de yaşayan 20-40 yaş arasındaki 388 kişi oluşturmuştur. Araştırma verileri, katılımcıların bazı sosyodemografik bilgilerine ulaşmak için araştırmacı tarafından hazırlanan 'Sosyodemogratif Bilgi Formu', katılımcıların duygusal yeme davranışlarını belirlemek için 'Duygusal Yeme Ölçeği', katılımcıların ebeveyn tutumlarını belirlemek amacı ile 'Young Ebeveyn Ölçeği' ve katılımcıların anksiyete düzeylerini belirlemek amacı ile 'Beck Anksiyete Ölçeği' kullanılarak oluşturulmuştur. Araştırmada, ilişkisel tarama modeli kullanılmıştır. Verilerin çözümlenmesinde frekans, yüzde, aritmetik ortalama, standart sapma, minimum, maksimum gibi tanımlayıcı istatistiklerden faydalanılmıştır. Verilerin analizinde normallik dağılım testlerinden Kolmogorov-Smirnov testi kullanılmış olup analiz sonucunda normallik varsayımları sağlandığından parametrik testlerden faydalanılmıştır. Bağımsız iki grubun ortalamaları karşılaştırılmasında bağımsız örneklem t testi, ikiden fazla bağımsız grubun karşılaştırılmasında One-way ANOVA testi sonucu kullanılmıştır. ANOVA testi için varyans homojenliği için Levene testi ve grup farklılıkları için ise varyans homojenliği sağlanıyorsa (p≥0.05) Tukey HSD ve LSD, varyans homojenliği sağlanmıyor ise (p<0.05) Tamhane çoklu karşılaştırma testi kullanılmıştır. Ölçeklerin ilişki analizinde Pearson korelasyon katsayısı hesaplanmıştır. Bağımsız değişkenlerin bağımlı değişkeni yordamasına ilişkin değerlendirmede çok değişkenli regresyon analizi; ölçeklerin güvenilirlik analizinde Cronbach's alpha katsayısı kullanılmıştır. Tüm test sonuçları 0.05 anlamlılık düzeyinde değerlendirilmiştir. Araştırmanın bulgularına göre; duygusal yeme ile anne ve babaya ilişkin algılanan ebeveynlik biçimi arasında anlamlı pozitif bir ilişki bulunmuştur. Duygusal yeme ile anneye ilişkin algılanan 'kuralcı/kalıplayıcı', 'küçümseyici/kusur bulucu', 'aşırı koruyucu/evhamlı', 'kötümser/endişeli' ve 'cezalandırıcı' ebeveyn tutumları arasında pozitif yönde ve anlamlı bir ilişki bulunmuştur. Duygusal yeme ile babaya ilişkin algılanan 'küçümseyici/kusur bulucu', 'duygusal bakımdan yoksun bırakıcı', 'aşırı izin verici/sınırsız', 'kötümser/endişeli', 'cezalandırıcı ve duygularını bastıran/değişime kapalı' ebeveyn tutumları arasında pozitif yönde ve anlamlı bir ilişki bulunmuştur. Araştırmamızın bir diğer değişkeni olan anksiyete ve duygusal yeme arasında pozitif yönde anlamlı bir ilişki bulunmuştur. Anksiyete seviyesi arttıkça duygusal yeme davranışınında da anlamlı bir yükseliş olduğu saptanmıştır. Anksiyete ve algılanan tüm ebeveyn tutumları arasında pozitif yönde anlamlı bir ilişki bulunmuştur. Anksiyete ve anneye ilişkin 'kuralcı/kalıplayıcı', 'küçümseyici/kusur bulucu', 'duygusal bakımdan yoksun bırakıcı', 'sömürücü/istismar edici', 'aşırı koruyucu/evhamlı', 'koşullu/başarı odaklı', 'aşırı izin verici/sınırsız', 'kötümser/endişeli, cezalandırıcı' 'cezalandırıcı' ve 'duygularını bastıran/değişime kapalı' ebeveyn tutumları arasında pozitif yönde ve anlamlı bir ilişki bulunmuştur. Anksiyete ve babaya ilişkin 'kuralcı/kalıplayıcı', 'küçümseyici/kusur bulucu', 'duygusal bakımdan yoksun bırakıcı', 'sömürücü/istismar edici', 'aşırı koruyucu/evhamlı', 'koşullu/başarı odaklı', 'aşırı izin verici/sınırsız', 'kötümser/endişeli', 'cezalandırıcı' ve 'duygularını bastıran/değişime kapalı' ebeveyn tutumları arasında pozitif yönde ve anlamlı ilişki saptanmıştır. Araştırmanın regresyon analizleri sonucunda ise, anksiyete düzeyinin duygusal yemeyi pozitif yönde ve anlamlı bir şekilde yordadığı bulunmuştur. Bu değişkenlerin toplam varyansın %9,5'ini oluşturduğu saptanmıştır. Anneye yönelik algılanan ebeveyn tutumlarından 'aşırı koruyucu/evhamlı' ve 'kötümser/endişeli' tutumlarının duygusal yemeyi pozitif yönde ve anlamlı bir şekilde yordadığı bulunmuştur. Bu değişkenler de toplam varyansın %3,4'ünü oluşturmaktadır. Babaya ilişkin algılanan ebeveynlik tutumlarından 'sömürücü/istismar edici' tutumun duygusal yemeyi negatif yönde ve anlamlı bir şekilde yordadığı bulunmuştur. Bu değişkenler de toplam varyansın %4'ünü oluşturmaktadır. Buna ek olarak üçlü şekilde yapılmış olan regresyonun sonucunda, anksiyete düzeyinin, anneye ilişkin algılanan 'aşırı koruyucu/evhamlı' ve 'kötümser/endişeli' ebeveynlik tutumlarının pozitif yönde, anlamlı bir şekilde duygusal yemeyi yordadığı ve toplam varyansın %12,9'unun bu değişkenlerle açıklandığı saptanmıştır. Anksiyete düzeyi pozitif yönde ve babaya ilişkin algılanan 'sömürücü/istismar edici' ebeveynlik negatif yönde ve anlamlı bir şekilde duygusal yemeyi yordadığı ispatlanmıştır. Toplam varyansın %12,9'unun bu değişkenlerle açıklandığı bulunmuştur. Araştırmamızda çıkan sonuçlar, araştırmamızın amacı olan duygusal yeme, anksiyete ve algılanan ebeveyn tutumu ilişkisini doğrular niteliktedir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Duygusal Yeme, Anksiyete ve Algılanan Ebeveyn Tutumu.
The aim of the study is to examine the effects of perceived parental attitudes and anxiety level on emotional eating behavior in individuals aged 20-40. The research was conducted by examining and interpreting the data obtained as a result of the online questionnaires given to individuals between the ages of 20-40, using some methods. The sample of the study consisted of 388 people who were aged 20 to 40 living in Turkey. The research data were collected from the 'Sociodemographic Information Form' prepared by the researcher to reach some sociodemographic information of the participants, the 'Emotional Eating Scale' to determine the emotional eating behaviors of the participants, the 'Young Parent Scale' to determine the parental attitudes of the participants, and the 'Beck Scale' to determine the anxiety levels of the participants. Relational screening model was used in the research. Descriptive statistics such as frequency, percentage, arithmetic mean, standard deviation, minimum and maximum were used in the analysis of the data. Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, one of the normality distribution tests, was used in the analysis of the data, and parametric tests were used since the normality assumptions were provided as a result of the analysis. Independent sample t-test was used to compare the means of two independent groups, and the result of the One-way ANOVA test was used to compare more than two independent groups. Levene test was used for homogeneity of variance for ANOVA test and Tukey HSD and LSD if variance homogeneity was provided for group differences (p≥0.05), and Tamhane multiple comparison test was used if variance homogeneity was not provided (p<0.05). Pearson correlation coefficient was calculated in the relationship analysis of the scales. Multivariate regression analysis in the evaluation of independent variables to predict dependent variable; Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used in the reliability analysis of the scales. All test results were evaluated at a significance level of 0.05. According to the findings of the research; A significant positive correlation was found between emotional eating and the perceived parenting attitudes of the mother and father. There was a positive and significant relationship between emotional eating and the perceived mother attitudes that were 'prescriptive/molding', 'condescending/permissive', 'overprotective/anxious', 'pessimistic/anxious', 'punitive' and 'repressing/closed to change'. There was a positive and significant relationship between emotional eating and perceived father attitudes that were 'condescending/flawing', 'emotional deprivation', 'overly permissive/limitless', 'pessimistic/anxious', 'punishing and suppressing emotions/closed to change'. There was a significant and positive relationship between anxiety and emotional eating. As the anxiety level increased, it was determined that there was a significant increase in emotional eating behavior. A positive and significant relationship was found between anxiety and perceived parental attitudes. There was a positive and significant relationship between anxiety level and the perceived mother attitudes that were 'prescriptive', 'derogatory', 'emotionally deprived', 'exploitative/exploitative', 'overprotective/derogatory', 'conditional/achievement-oriented', 'over-permissive/permissive', 'unlimited', 'pessimistic/anxious, punitive' and 'suppressing their emotions/closed to change'. There was a positive and significant relationship between emotional eating and perceived father attitudes that were ' 'condescending/flawing', 'emotional deprivation', 'exploitative/exploitative', 'overprotective/anxious', 'conditional/achievement-oriented', 'overly permissive/limitless', 'pessimistic', 'punishing' and 'suppressing their feelings/closed to change'. As a result of the regression analyzes of the study, it was found that the level of anxiety predicted emotional eating positively and significantly. It was determined that these variables constitute 9.5% of the total variance. It was found that 'overprotective/anxious' and 'pessimistic/anxious' attitudes, which are among the perceived parental attitudes towards the mother, positively and significantly predict emotional eating. These variables also account for 3.4% of the total variance. In addition, it was found that the 'exploitative/abusive' attitude, one of the perceived parenting attitudes towards the father, predicted emotional eating negatively and significantly. These variables constitute 4% of the total variance. For all that, as a result of the triple regression, it was found that the anxiety level, the perceived maternal 'overprotective/anxious' and 'pessimistic/anxious' parenting attitudes positively and significantly predicted emotional eating, and 12.9% of the total variance was associated with these variables. It has been proven that the level of anxiety is positive and the perceived 'exploitative/abusive' parenting regarding the father negatively and significantly predicts emotional eating. It was found that 12.9% of the total variance was explained by these variables. The results of our research prove the relationship between emotional eating, anxiety and perceived parental attitude, which is the aim of our research. Keywords: Emotional Eating, Anxiety and Perceived Parental Attitude
The aim of the study is to examine the effects of perceived parental attitudes and anxiety level on emotional eating behavior in individuals aged 20-40. The research was conducted by examining and interpreting the data obtained as a result of the online questionnaires given to individuals between the ages of 20-40, using some methods. The sample of the study consisted of 388 people who were aged 20 to 40 living in Turkey. The research data were collected from the 'Sociodemographic Information Form' prepared by the researcher to reach some sociodemographic information of the participants, the 'Emotional Eating Scale' to determine the emotional eating behaviors of the participants, the 'Young Parent Scale' to determine the parental attitudes of the participants, and the 'Beck Scale' to determine the anxiety levels of the participants. Relational screening model was used in the research. Descriptive statistics such as frequency, percentage, arithmetic mean, standard deviation, minimum and maximum were used in the analysis of the data. Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, one of the normality distribution tests, was used in the analysis of the data, and parametric tests were used since the normality assumptions were provided as a result of the analysis. Independent sample t-test was used to compare the means of two independent groups, and the result of the One-way ANOVA test was used to compare more than two independent groups. Levene test was used for homogeneity of variance for ANOVA test and Tukey HSD and LSD if variance homogeneity was provided for group differences (p≥0.05), and Tamhane multiple comparison test was used if variance homogeneity was not provided (p<0.05). Pearson correlation coefficient was calculated in the relationship analysis of the scales. Multivariate regression analysis in the evaluation of independent variables to predict dependent variable; Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used in the reliability analysis of the scales. All test results were evaluated at a significance level of 0.05. According to the findings of the research; A significant positive correlation was found between emotional eating and the perceived parenting attitudes of the mother and father. There was a positive and significant relationship between emotional eating and the perceived mother attitudes that were 'prescriptive/molding', 'condescending/permissive', 'overprotective/anxious', 'pessimistic/anxious', 'punitive' and 'repressing/closed to change'. There was a positive and significant relationship between emotional eating and perceived father attitudes that were 'condescending/flawing', 'emotional deprivation', 'overly permissive/limitless', 'pessimistic/anxious', 'punishing and suppressing emotions/closed to change'. There was a significant and positive relationship between anxiety and emotional eating. As the anxiety level increased, it was determined that there was a significant increase in emotional eating behavior. A positive and significant relationship was found between anxiety and perceived parental attitudes. There was a positive and significant relationship between anxiety level and the perceived mother attitudes that were 'prescriptive', 'derogatory', 'emotionally deprived', 'exploitative/exploitative', 'overprotective/derogatory', 'conditional/achievement-oriented', 'over-permissive/permissive', 'unlimited', 'pessimistic/anxious, punitive' and 'suppressing their emotions/closed to change'. There was a positive and significant relationship between emotional eating and perceived father attitudes that were ' 'condescending/flawing', 'emotional deprivation', 'exploitative/exploitative', 'overprotective/anxious', 'conditional/achievement-oriented', 'overly permissive/limitless', 'pessimistic', 'punishing' and 'suppressing their feelings/closed to change'. As a result of the regression analyzes of the study, it was found that the level of anxiety predicted emotional eating positively and significantly. It was determined that these variables constitute 9.5% of the total variance. It was found that 'overprotective/anxious' and 'pessimistic/anxious' attitudes, which are among the perceived parental attitudes towards the mother, positively and significantly predict emotional eating. These variables also account for 3.4% of the total variance. In addition, it was found that the 'exploitative/abusive' attitude, one of the perceived parenting attitudes towards the father, predicted emotional eating negatively and significantly. These variables constitute 4% of the total variance. For all that, as a result of the triple regression, it was found that the anxiety level, the perceived maternal 'overprotective/anxious' and 'pessimistic/anxious' parenting attitudes positively and significantly predicted emotional eating, and 12.9% of the total variance was associated with these variables. It has been proven that the level of anxiety is positive and the perceived 'exploitative/abusive' parenting regarding the father negatively and significantly predicts emotional eating. It was found that 12.9% of the total variance was explained by these variables. The results of our research prove the relationship between emotional eating, anxiety and perceived parental attitude, which is the aim of our research. Keywords: Emotional Eating, Anxiety and Perceived Parental Attitude
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Psikoloji, Psychology