Cerrahi Operasyonlarda Basınç Ülseri, Risk Faktörleri ve Psiko-Sosyal Etkileri
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2025
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Basınç ülserleri, cerrahi operasyon geçiren hastalarda uzun süreli immobilizasyon, ameliyat süresi ve pozisyonlandırmaya bağlı olarak gelişerek hastanın hem klinik hem de psikososyal sağlığını olumsuz yönde etkilemektedir. Bu çalışma, cerrahi operasyon geçiren hastalarda basınç ülseri gelişimine katkı sağlayan risk faktörlerini belirleyerek psikososyal etkilerini değerlendirmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Klinik çalışmalar, İstanbul Kartal Dr. Lütfi Kırdar Şehir Hastanesi cerrahi birimlerinde operasyon geçiren ve ameliyat sonrası servislerde yatan 208 hasta üzerinde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Veri toplama sürecinde; 3S Ameliyathane Basınç Yarası Risk Tanılama Ölçeği, NPUAP Basınç Yarası Evrelendirme Kriterleri ile hastaların basınç ülserine bağlı psikolojik durumlarını ve kaygılarını ölçmek amacıyla geliştirilmiş Yarı Yapılandırılmış Görüşme Formu kullanılmıştır. Analizler sonucunda, hastaların büyük çoğunluğunun (%85,6) düşük risk grubunda yer aldığı, %14'ünün ise yüksek risk grubunda olduğu belirlenmiştir. Klinik muayene bulgularına göre, %10,1'inde farklı evrelerde basınç yarası tespit edilmiş ve bu yaraların en sık %52,4 oranında Evre I düzeyinde olduğu saptanmıştır. İstatistiksel analizler, basınç ülseri riskinin cinsiyet, yaş, ameliyat kliniği, ameliyat öncesi aktivite durumu, boy/kilo oranı, tüm vücuttaki cilt durumu, cildin stres durumu, ameliyattaki kanama miktarı, ameliyat süresi, ameliyattaki stres, vücut ısısı ve ameliyat pozisyonu gibi çok sayıda değişkene bağlı olarak anlamlı farklılıklar gösterdiğini ortaya koymuştur. Çalışma, cerrahi basınç ülserlerinin sadece fiziksel risk faktörleriyle değil, aynı zamanda hastaların psikososyal durumlarıyla da yakından ilişkili olduğunu göstermektedir. Basınç ülseri gelişen hastalarda kaygı, depresyon ve sosyal izolasyon gibi psikososyal etkiler belirgin olup, bu durumların yara iyileşme süreçlerini olumsuz etkilediği tespit edilmiştir.
Pressure ulcers develop in patients undergoing surgical operations due to prolonged immobilization, operation duration, and positioning, adversely affecting both the clinical and psychosocial health of the patient. This study aims to identify the risk factors contributing to the development of pressure ulcers in surgical patients and to evaluate their psychosocial effects. Clinical research was conducted on 208 patients who underwent surgery in the surgical units and were hospitalized postoperatively at İstanbul Kartal Dr. Lütfi Kırdar City Hospital. Data collection tools included the 3S Operating Room Pressure Ulcer Risk Assessment Scale, the NPUAP Pressure Ulcer Staging Criteria, and a Semi-Structured Interview Form developed to assess patients' psychological conditions and anxieties related to pressure ulcers. Analysis revealed that the majority of patients (85.6%) were classified in the low-risk group, while 14% were in the high-risk group. Clinical examination found pressure ulcers at various stages in 10.1% of patients, with Stage I ulcers being the most common at 52.4%. Statistical analyses demonstrated significant differences in pressure ulcer risk based on multiple variables, including gender, age, surgical clinic, preoperative activity status, height/weight ratio, overall skin condition, skin stress status, amount of intraoperative bleeding, operation duration, intraoperative stress, body temperature during surgery, and surgical positioning. The study highlights that surgical pressure ulcers are closely related not only to physical risk factors but also to the psychosocial status of patients. Psychosocial effects such as anxiety, depression, and social isolation were notably observed in patients who developed pressure ulcers, and these factors were found to negatively impact the wound healing process.
Pressure ulcers develop in patients undergoing surgical operations due to prolonged immobilization, operation duration, and positioning, adversely affecting both the clinical and psychosocial health of the patient. This study aims to identify the risk factors contributing to the development of pressure ulcers in surgical patients and to evaluate their psychosocial effects. Clinical research was conducted on 208 patients who underwent surgery in the surgical units and were hospitalized postoperatively at İstanbul Kartal Dr. Lütfi Kırdar City Hospital. Data collection tools included the 3S Operating Room Pressure Ulcer Risk Assessment Scale, the NPUAP Pressure Ulcer Staging Criteria, and a Semi-Structured Interview Form developed to assess patients' psychological conditions and anxieties related to pressure ulcers. Analysis revealed that the majority of patients (85.6%) were classified in the low-risk group, while 14% were in the high-risk group. Clinical examination found pressure ulcers at various stages in 10.1% of patients, with Stage I ulcers being the most common at 52.4%. Statistical analyses demonstrated significant differences in pressure ulcer risk based on multiple variables, including gender, age, surgical clinic, preoperative activity status, height/weight ratio, overall skin condition, skin stress status, amount of intraoperative bleeding, operation duration, intraoperative stress, body temperature during surgery, and surgical positioning. The study highlights that surgical pressure ulcers are closely related not only to physical risk factors but also to the psychosocial status of patients. Psychosocial effects such as anxiety, depression, and social isolation were notably observed in patients who developed pressure ulcers, and these factors were found to negatively impact the wound healing process.
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Genel Cerrahi, Hemşirelik, Sağlık Yönetimi, Ameliyathane Hemşireliği, Basınç Yarası, General Surgery, Nursing, Healthcare Management, Operating Room Nursing, Pressure Sore
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67