Enflasyon Muhasebesinin Mali Tablolar Üzerine Etkileri ve Bir Uygulama
Abstract
Vergi Usul Kanunu'nun Mükerrer 298. Maddesi hükümlerine istinaden Yurt içi ÜFE, içinde bulunulan dönem dâhil, son üç hesap döneminde %100'den ve içinde bulunulan hesap döneminde % 10'dan fazla olması halinde malî tablolarda enflasyon düzeltmesi yapılması gerektiği bildirilir. Uygulamanın amacı mali tabloların enflasyon etkisinden arındırılıp gerçeğe daha uygun değerleri sunmasıdır. Türkiye'de 2021 yılı itibariyle enflasyon muhasebesi uygulamasının şartları oluşmuş fakat Cumhurbaşkanlığı Kararı ile enflasyon muhasebesi uygulaması 2023 yılı 12 aylık finansal tablolara uygulanarak başlamıştır ve halen uygulama devam etmektedir. Kurumlar vergisi, Hazine ve Maliye Bakanlığı'nın bütçe gelirleri toplamının %25'e yakın kısmını oluşturan önemli bir kalemdir. Kurumlar vergisi, vergi mükellefi olan tüzel kişilerin karları üzerinden hesap edilen ve beyana dayalı bir vergidir. Araştırmanın amacı, enflasyon muhasebesi uygulamasının gelir tablosuna etkilerini ve kurumlar vergisi beyanındaki farklılaşmayı açıklamaktır. Araştırmanın metodu, örnek şirket değerleri kullanarak enflasyon muhasebesi uygulamasını yasalara göre açıklamaktır. Araştırmanın bulguları, parasal ve parasal olmayan şirket varlıklarının işletme bünyesindeki oranına göre enflasyon muhasebesi uygulaması neticesinde kar veya zararı arttırıcı etkiler ortaya çıkar. Öz kaynağı ve duran varlıkları kuvvetli olan büyük şirketler enflasyon muhasebesi uygulaması neticesinde zarar açıklama eğilimindedir. Bu tip şirketler, kurumlar vergisi gelirlerinin çok büyük kısmını oluşturur. Bu tip şirketlerin zarar açıklaması, Hazine ve Maliye Bakanlığı'nın bütçelenmiş hedeflerine ulaşamamasına neden olur. Nitekim bakanlığın faaliyet raporları incelendiğinde enflasyon muhasebesi kaynaklı kurumlar vergisi kaybı olduğu tespit edilmiştir.
In accordance with the provisions of Repeated Article 298 of the Tax Procedure Law, inflation adjustment must be applied to financial statements if the Domestic Producer Price Index (D-PPI) has exceeded 100% over the last three accounting periods, including the current one, and more than 10% in the current accounting period. The purpose of this practice is to eliminate the effects of inflation on financial statements and to present more realistic values. Although the conditions for applying inflation accounting in Turkey were met as of 2021, the application officially began with the implementation on the financial statements for the 12-month period of 2023, following a Presidential Decree, and it is still in effect. Corporate tax is a significant source of revenue, accounting for nearly 25% of the Ministry of Treasury and Finance's total budget income. It is a declaration-based tax calculated on the profits of legal entities subject to taxation. The aim of this study is to explain the impact of inflation accounting on the income statement and the resulting changes in corporate tax declarations. The method of the study involves demonstrating the inflation accounting practice in line with legal regulations using sample company data. The findings of the study indicate that inflation accounting may lead to increases or decreases in profit or loss depending on the proportion of monetary and non-monetary assets within a company. Large companies with strong equity and fixed assets tend to report losses as a result of inflation accounting. These types of companies constitute a significant portion of corporate tax revenue. The fact that such companies report losses may hinder the Ministry of Treasury and Finance from achieving its budget targets. Indeed, when the Ministry's activity reports are reviewed, it is evident that there has been a loss in corporate tax revenue due to inflation accounting.
In accordance with the provisions of Repeated Article 298 of the Tax Procedure Law, inflation adjustment must be applied to financial statements if the Domestic Producer Price Index (D-PPI) has exceeded 100% over the last three accounting periods, including the current one, and more than 10% in the current accounting period. The purpose of this practice is to eliminate the effects of inflation on financial statements and to present more realistic values. Although the conditions for applying inflation accounting in Turkey were met as of 2021, the application officially began with the implementation on the financial statements for the 12-month period of 2023, following a Presidential Decree, and it is still in effect. Corporate tax is a significant source of revenue, accounting for nearly 25% of the Ministry of Treasury and Finance's total budget income. It is a declaration-based tax calculated on the profits of legal entities subject to taxation. The aim of this study is to explain the impact of inflation accounting on the income statement and the resulting changes in corporate tax declarations. The method of the study involves demonstrating the inflation accounting practice in line with legal regulations using sample company data. The findings of the study indicate that inflation accounting may lead to increases or decreases in profit or loss depending on the proportion of monetary and non-monetary assets within a company. Large companies with strong equity and fixed assets tend to report losses as a result of inflation accounting. These types of companies constitute a significant portion of corporate tax revenue. The fact that such companies report losses may hinder the Ministry of Treasury and Finance from achieving its budget targets. Indeed, when the Ministry's activity reports are reviewed, it is evident that there has been a loss in corporate tax revenue due to inflation accounting.
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Keywords
İşletme, Enflasyon Muhasebesi, Genel Muhasebe, Vergi Muhasebesi, Business Administration, Inflation Accounting, General Account, Tax Accounting
Turkish CoHE Thesis Center URL
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Scopus Q
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